---
title: "Xīndòng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xindong-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xīndòng chá (新垌茶)

**Xindong Cha** (*Xīndòng chá*, 新垌茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’tauni ya Xindong (新垌镇) m’boma la Gaozhou (高州市) m’chigawo cha Maoming kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Kuyambira July 2014, uyu ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo, ndipo chikalata choteteza chimafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane: mtundu wa komweko, kutola pamanja, kukhazikika pa kutentha kwa 250–300 °C komanso kukazinga komaliza pamanja m’mphika. Manyuzi a komweko amati mbiri yake imachokera ku banja la Deng, lomwe linasamuka kuchokera ku Fujian m’nthawi ya Ming; awa ndi mwambo wa banja, osati chikalata.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Chikalata choteteza sichitchula dzina la gulu ili, koma chimapereka njira yopangira tiyi wobiriwira: kukhazikika, kukulunga, kuyanika, kukazinga, popanda okosijeni kapena kufufuta. Nyuzipepala ya komweko imatchula kuti ndi wobiriwira (新垌绿茶).
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wa Guangdong; mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2014).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), mzinda wa Maoming (茂名, *Màomíng*), boma la Gaozhou (高州, *Gāozhōu*), tawuni ya Xindong.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Tawuni ya Xindong m’malire ake amakono (新垌镇现辖行政区域); izi ndi momwe zinalembedwera pachidziwitso cha 2014.
* **Malo a Geographical:** Pafupifupi 22° N ndi 111° E, mwachidule, potengera malo a Gaozhou; chikalatacho sichipereka nambala za malo.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **M’nthawi ya Ming, mwambo wa banja.** Malinga ndi nkhani patsamba la nyuzipepala ya Maoming Daily (2022), m’chaka chachinayi cha Wanli (万历, 1576), kholo la banja la Deng (邓) linasamukira ku Xindong kuchokera ku Fujian ndi kubweretsa mbewu za tiyi. Malo ena nyuzipepala imanena kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo padutsa “zaka zopitirira 500,” kwinakwake “zaka zopitirira 400”; kuwerengera kuchokera 1576 kumatulutsa 446.
    * **Mbiri yolembedwa.** Nyuzipepala imagwira mawu kuchokera ku “Gaozhou Fu Zhi” (高州府志): «茶产茂名新垌者，树高数尺，谷雨前摘取者最佳，以出水龙者为极品»; tiyi wa ku Xindong amamera ngati mitengo ya mamita angapo, wabwino kwambiri amatoleka nyengo ya Guyu isanafike, mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri umachokera ku Chushuilong. Sindinawone mbiri yomweyi ndekha.
    * **Ndakatulo.** Komweko palinso mizere ya wolemba ndakatulo wa m’nyengo ya Qing, Yang Kang (杨康), yomwe imathera ndi mawu «今朝新垌采茶回»; “lero tikubwerako ndi tiyi wotola ku Xindong.”
    * **2014.** Bungwe lalikulu loyang’anira za ubwino, kuyendera ndi kuyika malire (AQSIQ) pachidziwitso nambala 77 cha 14 July 2014 linayika Xindong Cha pansi pa chitetezo monga mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
    * **2024.** Mu March, Tea Institute ya Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences inayendera famu ya tiyi ya Chushuilong (出水窿茶场) ndi malo opangira amwenye. Malinga ndi uthenga wa institute, tawuniyo inapempha thandizo pa ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha mafakitale a tiyi ndi “kumveketsa bwino zizindikiro za mtundu” wa malonda, ndipo bungweli linapereka kuti pakhale munda wachitsanzo wa chilengedwe, mzere wopangira, ndondomeko ya miyezo ya kupanga, mtundu wa anthu onse ndi kampani yotsogolera.
* **Dzina:** “Xindong” (新垌) ndi dzina la tawuni; “cha” (茶) ndi tiyi.
* **Malo abwino kwambiri:** Magwero amalemba mosiyanasiyana: 出水窿 (Chushuilong) malinga ndi Academy ndi kaundula; 出水龙 m’mawu a m’buku lakale; 出瑞龙村 (Chuzhuilong) m’malemba a nyuzipepala. Kulemba kotchulidwa kovomerezeka sikunadziwike.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala, Xindong amatchedwa “dera la tiyi ndi zipatso” (茶果之乡).

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu wa Zomera:** Mtundu wa komweko wa gulu (当地[群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong), *dāngdì qúntǐzhǒng*); ichi ndi chofunikira chokha chokhudza mtundu m’chikalatacho. Kubzala kumachitika ndi mbewu kapena nthambi.
* **Kutola:** M’nyengo ya masika mpaka kumapeto kwa April, m’nyengo yophukira kuyambira August mpaka October. Pamanja kokha.
* **Mulingo wa kutola:** Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza:

| Gulu | Zofunikira pa tsamba latsopano |
| :--- | :--- |
| Wapadera (特级) | Masamba ang’onoang’ono osachepera 80 %, masamba amodzi ndi tsamba limodzi osapitirira 20 % |
| Woyamba (一级) | Masamba awiri ndi tsamba limodzi osachepera 70 %, masamba atatu ndi tsamba limodzi osapitirira 30 %; mphukira zonse, masamba osachepera kukula kwa tsamba, kukula kwake kofanana |

Nyuzipepala imafotokoza kutola ndi mawu «采早、采细、采嫩、采二叶一针»; molawirira, mopyapyala, mofewa, “masamba awiri ndi singano.”

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kum’mawa kwa boma la Gaozhou, kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Guangdong.
* **Malo ndi nyengo:** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala, kuseri kwa mudzi wa Chushuilong kuli phiri lalitali pakati pa mapiri ataliatali; nthaka ndi yachonde, kuli chifunga ndi mvula zambiri. Palibe ziwerengero za nyengo zomwe zapezeka m’magwero.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Chikalatacho sichitchula kutalika; palibe zolembedwa m’magwero omwe apezeka.
* **Nthaka:** Malinga ndi chikalatacho, mitundu itatu ya dothi lofiira ndi lachikasu (赤红壤、红壤、黄壤), pH 4.5–6.0, kuzama kopitirira 1 m, organic matter yosachepera 1.5 %.
* **Ulimi malinga ndi chikalata:** Osaposa zitsamba 30,000 pa hekitala; chaka chilichonse, osachepera matani 15 a manyowa owola pa hekitala.
* **Malo:** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala, “mahekitala opitirira 1,000” a minda ndi zokolola zoposa 100 kg pa hekitala; nyuzipepalayo siyitchula chaka.

**5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:**

Chikalata choteteza chimapereka ndondomeko: kufalitsa → kukhazikika → kukulunga → kuyanika pang’ono → kuyanika → kukazinga. Mfundo zimachokera m’chikalatacho.

1.  **Kufalitsa (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Pa kutentha kwa 15–20 °C, tsamba limayalidwa m’gawo la 3–10 cm mpaka litataya chinyezi 15–30 %.
2.  **Kukhazikika (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Pa 250–300 °C. Kukhwima: tsamba limada, tsinde silithyoka pakupinda, tsamba ndi lofewa, lomamatira pang’ono, likakanikizidwa m’manja limapanga mpira ndi kubwerera pang’ono, fungo la zitsamba zosaphika limasintha kukhala la tiyi.
3.  **Kukulunga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Mpaka osachepera 95 % ya tsamba litakulungika kukhala mizere.
4.  **Kuyanika pang’ono (辉干; choncho m’chikalatacho, *huīgān*):** Pa 80–90 °C mpaka kuyanika kwa magawo asanu ndi atatu mwa khumi: mizere imakhala yothina, mtundu umakhala wobiriwira ndi wonyezimira.
5.  **Kuyanika (烘干, *hōnggān*):** Pa 60–70 °C mpaka chinyezi chosapitirira 9 %.
6.  **Kukazinga (炒茶, *chǎochá*):** Pamanja, m’mphika. Kumayamba pa 50–60 °C, mphindi zisanu kumapeto kutentha kumakwezedwa kufika 90–100 °C. Chinyezi cha tiyi womalizidwa sichipitirira 5 %.

Malinga ndi nyuzipepala, tiyiyu amapangidwabe kwambiri pamanja.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokozera kumachokera m’chikalata choteteza, pokhapokha ngati tafotokoza mosiyana.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Mizere yothina ndi yopindika, yobiriwira, yonyezimira (条索紧结、卷曲，色泽绿润).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe zolembedwa m’magwero omwe apezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Lonunkhira kwambiri, lokoma komanso lokhalitsa (馥郁，甘香持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kolimba komanso kofewa, ndi kubwerera kokoma (浓醇，回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Malinga ndi chikalatacho, wachikasu-lalanje, wowonekera bwino (橙黄，清亮). Nyuzipepala imalemba mosiyana; “wobiriwira ndi wowonekera bwino” (汤色绿明). Sindinathetse kusiyana kumeneku; kutsamira kuyenera kukhala pa chikalatacho.
* **Pansi pa chikho (tsamba lophikidwa):** Chikalatacho sichimalifotokoza. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala, m’chikho tsamba limatambasuka, ndipo masamba ang’onoang’ono amaimirira.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Zofunikira za physicochemical m’chikalata choteteza:

| Chizindikiro | Muyezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Tea polyphenols | osachepera 25.0 % |
| Zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka m’madzi | osachepera 37.0 % |

Nyuzipepala imanena kuti polyphenols, amino acid, mavitamini ndi zinthu zonunkhira mu tiyi wa Xindong ndi zambiri kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira, koma siyitchula ziwerengero kapena njira. Palibe zolembedwa za caffeine ndi amino acid m’magwero omwe apezeka.

**8. Ubwino:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zochita za tiyi umenewu wokha. Nyuzipepala imatchula njira zamtundu wa anthu zochizira ndi tiyi umenewu; sindinapeze kafukufuku wotsimikizira ndipo sindidzabwereza.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa chida.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndi kutsanulira madzi m’mbali.
    3. Kupangira koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kubwereza kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. M’paketi yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, kopanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe zolembedwa za mitengo m’magwero omwe apezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
    * Onani kuti wopanga ali ku tawuni ya Xindong.
    * Tsamba louma ndi mizere yothina, yopindika, yobiriwira, yonyezimira.
    * Fungo ndi lonunkhira kwambiri ndi lokhalitsa, kukoma kwake kolimba, ndi kubwerera kokoma.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Xindong Cha ndi Matu Lücha anatengedwa pansi pa chitetezo pachidziwitso chimodzi cha 2014; tiyi awiri a ku Guangdong pamndandanda wa zinthu makumi awiri ndi ziwiri.
* Kukazinga m’mphika kumachitika komaliza, pambuyo poyanika, ndipo kumapeto kutentha kumakwezedwa pafupifupi kawiri.
* Chikalatacho chimatcha madzi a tiyi wobiriwira umenewu kuti ndi achikasu-lalanje.
* Malinga ndi mwambo umene nyuzipepala imaufotokoza, m’zaka za Guangxu (光绪), wolamulira wa dera la Gaozhou, akuyenda kudzera m’mudzi, anamwa tiyi umenewu, ndipo ululu wa m’mimba unatha. Uwu ndi mwambo, osati umboni wa zochita za tiyi.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa ku Guangdong:**

* **Matu Lücha ([马图绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/matu-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa m’chigawo cha Fengshun kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo; amatetezedwa ndi chidziwitso chomwecho cha 2014.
* **Jiaoling Lücha ([蕉岭绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jiaoling-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’chigawo cha Jiaoling wochokera ku mitundu yodziwika bwino ya oolong.
* **Huaiji Lücha ([怀集绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huaiji-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Guangdong, pamphepete mwa Guangxi ndi Hunan.
* **Lechang Bai Mao Cha ([乐昌白毛茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/lechang-bai-maocha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumpoto kwa chigawo kuchokera ku mtundu wa tsamba loyera.

**Pomaliza:**

Xindong Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa tawuni imodzi, yemwe chikalata chimanena zambiri kuposa nyuzipepala: mtundu wa komweko wa gulu, gulu lapadera pafupifupi la masamba ang’onoang’ono okha, kukhazikika pa 250–300 °C, kukazinga komaliza pamanja, fungo lonunkhira kwambiri komanso lokhalitsa, kukoma kolimba ndi kubwerera kokoma, komanso madzi odabwitsa achikasu-lalanje. Banja la Deng, mizere ya m’buku lakale ndi ndakatulo za wolemba ndakatulo wa m’nyengo ya Qing zimadalira kufotokozedwa kwa nyuzipepala ya komweko.