---
title: "Xījiàn chūnxuě"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xijian-chunxue
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xījiàn chūnxuě (西涧春雪)

**Xijian Chunxue** (*Xījiàn chūnxuě*, 西涧春雪) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa ku mudzi wa Shiji (施集镇) m’chigawo cha Nanqiao mumzinda wa Chuzhou kum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Anhui. Dzinalo limatanthauza “chipale chofewa cha m’chisanu cha mtsinje wa Kumadzulo”: “Mtsinje wa Kumadzulo” umanena za ndakatulo ya wolemba ndakatulo wa m’nthawi ya Tang Wei Yingwu (韦应物), “chipale chofewa” chimanena za ubweya woyera wandiweyani. Masamba ndi owongoka ndi osalala, okhala ndi ubweya; fungo ndi loyera komanso lapamwamba, lokhala ndi fungo la maluwa. Tiyi wopangidwa chatsopano (dikishonale imanena chaka cha 1989), kuyambira 2020 amatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha geographical indication chaulimi, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ngati geographical indication product ya CNIPA.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Dikishonale ya tiyi imamuyika m’gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wophatikiza kuwotcha ndi kuyanika (扁形烘炒绿茶).
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wokhala ndi geographical indication.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Anhui (安徽, *Ānhuī*), mzinda wa Chuzhou (滁州, *Chúzhōu*), chigawo cha Nanqiao (南谯区, *Nánqiáo*), mudzi wa Shiji.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA za 2025, midzi khumi ndi ma communities a mudzi wa Shiji: 花山, 丰山, 杨饭店, 明张, 井楠, 孙岗, 李集, 大林, community ya Shiji ndi community ya Liji. Wopempha ndi bungwe la tiyi la Chuzhou. Catalog ya geographical indications imatchula dera lonse la Nanqiao; sitinathe kutsimikizira kuti izi zimagwirizana ndi chikalata chiti.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** 118°14′6″–118°16′30″ kum’mawa, 32°18′55″–32°19′37″ kumpoto (malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA).

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano.** Malinga ndi nkhani ya nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo ya mumzinda, m’nthawi ya Yuan mtsogoleri wa monastery ya Mituo (弥陀寺) pa phiri la Huangfu, monk Shenzhen (慎真), anabweretsa mbewu za tiyi kuchokera ku Sichuan ndi Guizhou (川贵); pambuyo pake tiyiyu akuti anakhala msonkho kwa mfumu Hongwu pansi pa dzina lakuti “南谯贡茶”. Woimira chigawo mu kuyankhulana kwa 2025 amakweza mbiri ya tiyiyu ku nthawi ya Song, ndipo udindo wa msonkho ku Ming. Zolemba zina zimasimba nthano mosiyana: mbewu mu nthawi ya Song anabweretsa mtsogoleri wa monastery yomweyo Wuzhen (悟真), ndipo Zhu Yuanzhang, atalawa tiyi, akuti anakhazikitsa msonkho wa 200 jin pachaka. Kuti ndi zitsamba zingati zakale zomwe zidatsala ku monastery, akunena mosiyana: nkhani imanena pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi ndi mazana asanu ndi limodzi zazaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi, zolemba zina zimanena zoposa chikwi. Palibe zikalata zotsimikizira chilichonse cha mitundu iyi zomwe zapezeka m’magwero.
    * **Kupangidwa.** Dikishonale ya tiyi imatchula chaka cha kupangidwa ngati 1989. Zolemba zina zimalemba za chaka cha 1991: tiyi, malinga ndi izo, anapanga akatswiri a gulu la Chuzhou la kupanga tiyi wodziwika, amapangidwa ku forestry farm ya phiri la Huangfu (皇甫山林场), ndipo zomwe zidatsogolera zimatchedwa “南谯贡茶”.
    * **Mphoto.** Malinga ndi mawu a woimira chigawo, mu 1992 tiyiyu adalandira udindo wa tiyi wodziwika wa chigawo cha Anhui, kenako mphotho ya bronze ya China Agricultural Exhibition. Nkhani ya nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo imawonjezera mphotho yachiwiri ya mpikisano woyamba wa “Zhongcha bei” (中茶杯). Zolemba zina zimatchula udindo wa tiyi wodziwika wa chigawo ndi bronze ya exhibition mu 1993, ndipo mphotho ya “Zhongcha bei” mu 1994.
    * **2020.** Mu December, patatha zaka zitatu zakukonzekera, tiyiyu adalembetsedwa ngati agricultural geographical indication; catalog ya indications imapereka nambala ya satifiketi AGI03151.
    * **2025.** Ndi chidziwitso cha CNIPA No. 632 (chosainidwa pa 9 June, chofalitsidwa pa 27 June) Xijian Chunxue adavomerezedwa ngati geographical indication product; ndi chidziwitso No. 633 (chofalitsidwa pa 7 July) opanga ake adaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera.
* **Dzina:** Dzinalo limachokera ku ndakatulo ya Wei Yingwu “Mtsinje wa Kumadzulo ku Chuzhou” (《滁州西涧》). Mzere woti “春潮带雨晚来急” — “mafunde a m’chisanu ndi mvula madzulo ndi othamanga” — unapereka dzina la malo otchedwa “西涧春潮”, amodzi mwa “zinthu khumi ndi ziwiri za Chuzhou”. “Chisanu” mu dzina ndi nthawi yotola, “chipale chofewa” ndi ubweya woyera; woimira chigawo mu kuyankhulana kwa 2025 akuwonjezera kuti kutola koyambirira nthawi zina kumagwirizana ndi chipale chofewa cha m’chisanu.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Ku Chuzhou amachititsa mpikisano wopanga tiyi pamanja wotchedwa “Xijian Chunxue Cup”.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA, Fuding Dabaicha (福鼎大白茶, *Fúdǐng dàbáichá*), population ya Huangshan (黄山[群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong)) ndi mitundu ina yoyenera yosinthidwa. Nthano ya mbewu zochokera ku Sichuan ndi Guizhou simatchula mtundu.
* **Zopangira ndi muyezo wa kutola:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA:
    * gulu lapamwamba kwambiri (特级) ndi bud ndi tsamba limodzi lotseguka pang’ono, kutalika kwa shoot pafupifupi 2.5 cm;
    * loyamba makamaka bud ndi tsamba lotseguka theka;
    * lachiwiri makamaka bud ndi tsamba lotseguka;
    * lachitatu makamaka bud ndi masamba awiri otseguka pang’ono.
* **Nthawi yotola:** Kuyambira chisanu cha Qingming mpaka Guyu.
* **Mitundu yatsopano:** Malinga ndi mawu a woimira chigawo (2025), chigawocho pamodzi ndi Tea Institute ya Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences anakhazikitsa malo osungira ndi kuwonetsera gene pool ndipo anabweretsa mitundu 29 yatsopano yokolola kwambiri; izi zanenedwa za tiyi wa chigawochi chonse.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a watershed ya Yangtze ndi Huaihe (江淮分水岭) kumadzulo kwa phiri la Langya (琅琊山), pakati pa 32° ndi 33° kumpoto. Nkhani ya nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo ya Chuzhou imatchula kuti pakati pa brand ndi mudzi wa Shiji ndi phiri la Huangfu (皇甫山).
* **Nyengo:** Malinga ndi mawu a woimira chigawo, ndi yofewa, ndi mvula yochuluka komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku. Palibe ziwerengero zenizeni za nyengo zochokera ku gwero loyambirira zomwe zapezeka.
* **Nthaka:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA, ndi sandy loam pa quartz keratophyre ndi phyllite, yotulutsa madzi bwino, pH pafupifupi 5.5, osachepera 60 cm, ndi organic matter yochuluka. Nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo ya Chuzhou imatchula organic matter 1.2–2.5 %.
* **Minda:** Zofunikira za CNIPA zimalamula kuphatikiza tiyi ndi nkhalango (茶林间作). Nkhani ya nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo imalemba kuti minda imayandikana ndi mitengo ya mabokosi.
* **Kutalika:** Palibe deta yopezeka m’magwero.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Zofunikira za CNIPA zimapereka ndondomeko yopanda ziwerengero: fixation → kuwongola ndi kuumba (理条整形) → kukweza ubweya ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe (提毫定形) → kuyanika koyamba → kuyanika kotsatiranso. Palibe kutentha kapena nthawi zomwe zapezeka m’magwero.

1.  **Kusankha zopangira.** Malinga ndi lipoti la nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo, m’masamba atsopano amachotsa zonyansa.
2.  **Fixation (杀青, *shāqīng*).** Palibe ziwerengero zopezeka m’magwero.
3.  **Kuwongola ndi kuumba (理条, *lǐtiáo*).** Apa masamba amapatsidwa mawonekedwe owongoka ndi osalala.
4.  **Kukweza ubweya ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe (提毫定形, *tíháo dìngxíng*).** Umu ndi momwe gawo limatchulidwira mu zofunikira; palibe tsatanetsatane wopezeka.
5.  **Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, *chūhōng*).** Malinga ndi lipoti, choyamba pa kutentha kwakukulu, kenako kwotsika.
6.  **Kuyanika kotsatiranso (复烘, *fùhōng*).** Pang’onopang’ono, pa moto wochepa.

Akuluakulu a chigawo amafotokoza lamulo la tiyi wa chigawochi mwachidule ndi njira yoti “kutola chisanu cha Qingming, kupanga tsiku lomwelo”.

Zolemba zina zimawonjezera kuti gulu lapamwamba kwambiri limapangidwa pamanja, pomwe loyamba mpaka lachitatu ndi makina. Kupanga kwawo amafotokoza mwachidule ndi magawo awiri: fixation, kumapeto kwake masamba amapatsidwa mawonekedwe, ndi kuyanika kawiri (毛烘, 复焙).

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokozera malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA:

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Owongoka, osalala ndi oponderezedwa, ofanana ndi olimba, obiriwira bwino ndi ubweya (扁直平伏，匀齐壮实，绿润带毫).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera kosiyana komwe kwapezeka.
* **Fungo la infusion:** Loyera, lapamwamba ndi lalitali, ndi fungo la maluwa (清香高长带花香). Malipoti amatchula fungo lapamwamba la “mabokosi” (板栗香).
* **Kukoma:** Kolemera ndi kofewa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (滋味醇厚回甘). Dikishonale ya tiyi imatchula kukoma ngati kwatsopano ndi kolimbikitsa.
* **Mtundu wa infusion:** Wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowala (汤色嫩绿明亮).
* **Masamba otsala (otsukidwa):** Ofanana, amatseguka ngati “duwa”, obiriwira ndi owala (叶底匀成朵绿亮).

Zolemba zina zimafotokoza gulu lapamwamba kwambiri motere: mabud odzaza, tsamba limakumbatira bud, lowongoka ndi lophwanyidwa pang’ono, ubweya “ngati chipale chofewa”; fungo lapamwamba, ndi fungo la maluwa, infusion yowala ndi yoyera, masamba otsala ndi mabud athunthu obiriwira ofewa.

Makhalidwe apadera zofunikira zimafupikitsa ndi njira yoti “形秀色翠带白毫，味醇香清露花香”: mawonekedwe okongola, mtundu wa emerald ndi ubweya woyera, kukoma kofewa, fungo loyera ndi fungo la maluwa. Nkhani ya nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo imatchula kuti makhalidwe ake akulu ndi fungo lapamwamba, kutsekemera kofewa ndi kupirira kutsukidwa kambiri, ndipo maonekedwe ndi osadzionetsera.

**7. Zomwe Zili mu Chemical:**

Zofunikira za CNIPA: chinyezi chosapitirira 6.5 %, water extract osachepera 38 %, amino acid osachepera 2.5 %, tea polyphenols osachepera 16 %. Izi ndi zofunikira za product, osati kusanthula kwa magulu enieni.

**8. Mapindu a Zaumoyo:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika yokhudza zotsatira za tiyiyu mwini.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Njira yokhazikika ya tiyi wobiriwira: palibe zofunikira mu zikalata.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Galasi, momwe mungawonere momwe masamba amatsegukira ngati “duwa”.
* **Njira:** Tenthetsa chidebe, ikani tiyi, tsanulirani madzi m’mphepete; infusion yoyamba pakatha masekondi 40–60; mumwe, kusiya mbali ya infusion, ndikuwonjezera, mutha kutsuka kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira yokhazikika. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo yomwe yapezeka m’magwero. Malinga ndi mawu a woimira chigawo (2025), ku Nanqiao kuli 38,000 mu ya minda ya tiyi ndipo pafupifupi 1,220 t ya tiyi wouma pachaka, ndipo iyi ndi tiyi wonse wa chigawocho, kuphatikiza Shiji Maofeng (施集[毛峰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/maofengcha)) ndi Shiji Hongqing (施集烘青), osati Xijian Chunxue yekha. Brand yonse, malinga ndi mawu omwewo, imalimbikitsidwa ndi makampani asanu ndi limodzi akulu ndi chizindikiro chimodzi ndi phukusi, ndipo tiyi amabweretsa ndalama ku mabanja opitirira 3,000 olima tiyi. Dikishonale ya tiyi imatchula misika yayikulu ya tiyi wa Chuzhou, Nanjing ndi Bengbu.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication; opanga ovomerezeka amatchulidwa mu chidziwitso cha CNIPA No. 633.
    * Onetsetsani kuti tiyi ndi wochokera ku mudzi wa Shiji m’chigawo cha Nanqiao.
    * Masamba ndi owongoka, osalala, oponderezedwa, obiriwira ndi ubweya woyera; masamba otsala amatseguka ngati “duwa”.
    * Mu dikishonale ya tiyi pafupi pali nkhani ya “西涧雪芽”, dzina lofanana, koma tiyi wina.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Tiyiyu amatchulidwa ndi ndakatulo ya Wei Yingwu; nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo ya Chuzhou imakumbutsa kuti wolemba ndakatuloyu analembanso za tiyi mwini, mu ndakatulo yotchedwa “喜园中茶生”.
* Nkhani ya nyuzipepala ya zokopa alendo imalemba kuti malo otsetsereka komwe tiyiyu amamera ndi komweko kwa chrysanthemum ya Chuzhou (滁州贡菊), yomwe amatchula kuti ndi yoyamba mwa ma chrysanthemum anayi otchuka a dziko.
* Nkhani ya 2025 yokhudza tiyi wa chigawo imatha ndi mawu otsatsa oti “tiyi woyamba kumpoto kwa Yangtze” (江北第一茶), ndipo ichi ndi cholinga chomwe chigawo chimalankhula, osati udindo woperekedwa.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi ena obiriwira osalala a Anhui:**

* **Dudu Cuiming ([都督翠茗](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dudu-cuiming)):** Tiyi wosalala wa phiri la Dudu pafupi ndi nyanja ya Chaohu; wovomerezedwa ngati geographical indication product ndi chidziwitso chomwecho cha CNIPA No. 632.
* **Huanghua Yunjian ([黄花云尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huanghua-yunjian)):** Tiyi wowongoka wosalala wokhala ndi ubweya kuchokera ku Ningguo, kuchokera ku chidziwitso chomwecho.
* **Longchi Xiangjian ([龙池香尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/longchi-xiangjian)):** Tiyi wosalala wa ku Huaining County, “ngati nsonga ya mkondo”.
* **Tianzhu Jianhao ([天柱剑毫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tianzhu-jian-hao)):** Tiyi wosalala wa “lupanga” wa phiri la Tianzhu wokhala ndi ubweya wandiweyani.

**Pomaliza:**

Xijian Chunxue ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa mapiri a Chuzhou, wotchulidwa ndi mzere wa ndakatulo ya Tang: masamba owongoka okhala ndi ubweya woyera, fungo loyera lapamwamba lokhala ndi fungo la maluwa, kukoma kofewa ndi kubwerera kotsekemera ndi masamba omwe amatseguka ngati “duwa”. Nthano za iye zimasiyana, koma zofunikira za 2025 ndi zotsimikizika: dera la midzi khumi, mitundu ya Fuding Dabaicha ndi population ya Huangshan, water extract osachepera 38 %.