---
title: "Xiàochāng Fènghuángshān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xiaochang-fenghuangshan-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xiàochāng Fènghuángshān chá (孝昌凤凰山茶)

**Xiaochang Fenghuangshan Cha** (*Xiàochāng Fènghuángshān chá*, 孝昌凤凰山茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa m’tauni ya Zhouxian (周巷镇) m’boma la Xiaochang, mzinda wa Xiaogan, kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Hubei, kum’mwera kwa mapiri a Dabieshan. Kuyambira 2015, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification, ndipo kuyambira 2022 tiyiyu ali ndi muyezo wa mzinda DB4209/T 26—2022. Muyezowo umatchula tiyiyu kuti ndi wobiriwira. “Fenghuang” pano ndi dzina la phiri la kwanuko, osati kutengera ulong wa ku Guangdong wa Fenghuang Dancong.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Gululi lakhazikitsidwa ndi chikalata: muyezo DB4209/T 26—2022 umatanthauzira tiyiyu kuti ndi wobiriwira, wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ndi masamba a mphukira zazing’ono zotoledwa m’tauni ya Zhouxian.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa Xiaogan; chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2015).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), mzinda wa Xiaogan (孝感, *Xiàogǎn*), boma la Xiaochang (孝昌, *Xiàochāng*), tauni ya Zhouxian (周巷, *Zhōuxiàng*).
* **Malo a chizindikiro:** Malinga ndi muyezo, ndi tauni yonse ya Zhouxian; malire awonetsedwa pa mapu mu appendix. Malo abwino kwambiri mwachiyambi cha muyezo ndi mapiri a Fenghuangshan, Gongmushan (公牧山) ndi Shuangfengshan (双峰山) komanso dera la Gucheng’an (古城庵).
* **Ma coordinates:** Likulu la boma la Xiaochang lili pafupi ndi 31.3° N ndi 114.0° E; malowa ali kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa boma.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthawi ya Ming.** Chiyambi cha muyezo chimati tiyi ku Zhouxian amalimidwa kuyambira nthawi ya mafumu a Ming (明) ndipo pali ndakatulo ndi zithunzi zotsalira. Mfundo zowonjezereka zimaperekedwa ndi kufotokoza kwa chinthu chotetezedwa choyandikana nacho cha Zhouxian Fenghuang Cha kuchokera ku ofesi ya Hubei ya intellectual property: malinga ndi zolemba pa mwala, mkulu wa nthawi ya Ming amene anasiya ntchito yake ndi kukhala monki, anabweretsa mbewu za tiyi kuchokera kwina ndi kukhazikitsa minda mozungulira phiri la Fenghuangshan; mu mbiri ya boma la Xiaogan ya chisankho cha chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha Guangxu (光绪) pali ndakatulo yonena za kulawa tiyi pafupi ndi nyumba ya amonke ya Gucheng’an yokhala ndi mzere “穿云寻古寺，带露摘新茶” — “kudutsa mitambo ndikufunafuna kachisi wakale, ndikuthyola tiyi watsopano mu mame.”
    * **Nthano.** Malinga ndi nthano yochokera m’kufotokozako komweko, mfumu yam’tsogolo Zhu Di (朱棣) inadutsa mobisa pafupi ndi phiri la Fenghuangshan, ndipo anthu a kwanuko anamupatsa tiyi.
    * **2015.** Mu September, dzina “孝昌凤凰山茶” linalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha geographical certification. Malinga ndi registry ya chigawo ya 2020, ichi ndi chizindikiro nambala 14514917, gulu 30, chinthu — tiyi; mwiniwake — bungwe la tiyi la tauni ya Zhouxian; nthawi ya ufulu wapadera — kuchokera 28 September 2015 mpaka 27 September 2025.
    * **2022.** Ofesi yoyang’anira msika ya Xiaogan inatulutsa muyezo DB4209/T 26—2022: wofalitsidwa 8 August, woyamba kugwira ntchito 8 September. Anawupanga bungwe la tiyi la tauni, mabungwe a boma ndi kampani ya tiyi; chiyambi chimavomereza kuti tiyiyu analibe muyezo wa khalidwe.
* **Dzina:** “Xiaochang” (孝昌) ndi dzina la boma; “Fenghuangshan” (凤凰山) ndi “phiri la Phoenix”, phiri la kwanuko; “cha” (茶) ndi tiyi. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa ofesi ya Hubei ya intellectual property, anthu a kwanuko akhala akutcha tiyi wonse wa tauni “凤凰茶” — “tiyi wa Fenghuang”.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Chiyambi cha muyezo chimatchula Zhouxian kuti ndi “kwawo kwa tiyi” (茶叶之乡) wodziwika. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa ofesi ya Hubei ya intellectual property, ku Xiaogan tiyi wa tauni amadziwika m’nyumba iliyonse ndipo anthu amakonda kuwupereka ngati mphatso.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Muyezowo umatchula kuti mitundu yayikulu ndi Echa No. 1 (鄂茶1号), Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白) ndi Zhongcha 108 (中茶108); malinga ndi chiyambi, mitundu iwiri yoyamba ndiyo imalimidwa kwambiri.
* **Muyezo wa kuthyola:** Mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena mphukira imodzi yokhala ndi tsamba lomwe langotuluka kumene (一芽一叶或一芽一叶初展).
* **Nthawi yothyo:** Muyezowo mulibe nthawi zenizeni.
* **Zofunika pa zopangira:** Tsamba latsopano limanyamulidwa m’chidebe chopumira mpweya, popanda kukanikizidwa kapena kutenthedwa.

**4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Malinga ndi muyezo, malo opangira ali kum’mwera kwa mapiri a Dabieshan (大别山): mapiri, malo amatsika kuchokera kumpoto chakum’mawa kupita kumwera chakumadzulo, nkhalango zimaposa 80%.
* **Nyengo:** Subtropical monsoon yachinyezi. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 16.1 °C, mvula ndi 1100–1200 mm, nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 248. Muyezowo umatchulanso maola 4427.2 a kuwala kwa dzuwa pachaka. Nkhani yamalonda pa tsamba la “Renmin wang” (2019) imatchula chiwerengero chomwecho, koma imalongosola kuti chifukwa cha mitambo dzuwa limawala pafupifupi maola 2150 pachaka.
* **Kutalika kwa malo:** Palibe deta mu magwero opezeka.
* **Dothi:** Makamaka yellow-brown (黄棕壤), wosanjikiza wachonde osachepera 0.5 m, pH 5.5–6.5, organic matter yoposa 1%.
* **Ulimi:** Muyezowo umalamula kuteteza munda ndi magetsi a tizilombo, misampha ya guluu, pheromones ndi mankhwala achilengedwe.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Muyezowo umaphatikiza ntchito ya manja ndi makina ndipo umatchula magawo atatu ofunika — fixation, kupanga mawonekedwe, ndi kuwotcha-kumaliza.

1.  **Fixation (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Mu makina a fixation, mpaka 1 kg ya masamba pa mphindi, pa 170–230 °C; tsamba limataya 25–30% ya kulemera kwake. Kenako limayalidwa kuti lizizire ndi kupuma kwa mphindi pafupifupi 30.
2.  **Kupanga mawonekedwe (做形, *zuòxíng*):** Kuwongola kawiri kwa tsamba (理条, *lǐtiáo*) mu makina ochita zinthu zambiri: koyamba — 150–180 °C, mphindi 10–15; kachiwiri — 100–120 °C, mphindi 8–10, mpaka tsamba liume 70–80%.
3.  **Kuchotsa tsitsi (脱毫, *tuōháo*):** Chidutswa chozizira chimazunguliridwa mu ng’oma yowotcha (辉锅机, *huīguōjī*) pa 60–100 °C; tsitsi limachotsedwa pa tsamba, fan imawulutsa.
4.  **Kuwotcha ndi kutulutsa fungo (辉干提香, *huīgān tíxiāng*):** Mphindi 25–35, kutentha “kutsika — kukwera — kutsika”, pafupifupi 90–120 °C; asanatulutse, kutentha kumakwezedwa chifukwa cha fungo.
5.  **Tiyi womalizidwa:** Chinyezi chosapitirira 6.5%, tsamba lathyathyathya, losalala ndi lowongoka.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Muyezowo umadziwa mitundu iwiri — wapamwamba kwambiri (特级) ndi woyamba (一级) — ndipo umasintha chitsanzo cha mtundu uliwonse chaka chilichonse.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri — lathyathyathya, losalala ndi lowongoka, lobiriwira la emerald, lokhala ndi tsitsi lowoneka, lofanana (扁平光直，翠绿显毫，匀齐). Woyamba — lathyathyathya, losalala ndi lowongoka, lobiriwira lowala (扁平光直，绿润).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Muyezowo mulibe kufotokoza kwake.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri — woyera ndi wokhalitsa (清香持久); woyamba — woyera (清香).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano ndi kofewa (鲜醇) kwa mitundu yonse iwiri.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowala (嫩绿明亮) kwa mitundu yonse iwiri.
* **Tsamba lotsalira (pambuyo kuphika):** Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri — wofewa, wofatsa ndi wofanana (柔嫩匀齐); woyamba — wofatsa, wofanana ndi wowala (嫩匀明亮).

Zopaka utoto ndi zowonjezera zilizonse muyezowo umaziletsa.

**7. Zomwe Zili M’tiyi:**

Zofunikira za muyezo pa zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, zofanana kwa mitundu yonse iwiri:

| Chizindikiro | Zofunikira |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | chosapitirira 6.5 % |
| Zidutswa ndi fumbi | zosapitirira 5.5 % |
| Phulusa lonse | losapitirira 7 % |
| Zosungunuka m’madzi | zosachepera 38.0 % |
| Cellulose yaiwisi | yosapitirira 10.0 % |

Palibe deta ya polyphenols, amino acids ndi caffeine ya tiyiyu m’magwero opezeka.

**8. Ubwino wa Umoyo:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyiyu.

**9. Kuphika:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chidebe:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Njira:**
    1. Tenthetsa chidebe.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndi kuthira madzi m’mbali mwa chidebe.
    3. Kuphika koyamba — pakatha masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya madzi ena.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kuphika kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. Muyezowo umalamula kusunga tiyi womalizidwa m’nyumba yosungira yoyera, youma, yozizira, yamdima yopanda fungo lachilendo kapena m’chipinda chozizira. Kunyumba — m’chidebe chotseka, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro “孝昌凤凰山茶” (No. 14514917). Nthawi yochokera mu registry ya 2020 inatha 27 September 2025; sindinayang’ane ngati chizindikirocho chawonjezedwa.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa tauni ya Zhouxian m’boma la Xiaochang.
    * Yang’anani mtundu: muyezowo umadziwa wapamwamba kwambiri ndi woyamba okha.
    * Tsamba lathyathyathya, losalala ndi lowongoka; madzi ake ndi obiriwira wofewa ndi wowala.

**12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:**

* Ukadaulo umachotsa tsitsi pa tsamba, koma pa mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri muyezowo umafuna kuti tsitsi liziwonekabe.
* Mu tauni imodzi pali njira ziwiri zachitetezo: chizindikiro “孝昌凤凰山茶” ndi chinthu chotetezedwa “[周巷凤凰茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zhouxiang-fenghuang-cha)”. Kufotokoza kwachiwiri kumatitchulanso tiyiyu kuti “凤凰山茶”.
* Ndi “Fenghuang” wa ku Guangdong, tiyiyu amangogawana zilembo: uko ndi ulong, pano ndi tiyi wobiriwira.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena:**

* **Zhouxian Fenghuang Cha (周巷凤凰茶):** Chinthu chotetezedwa cha tauni yomweyo (2014) chokhala ndi muyezo wa chigawo DB42/T 2174-2023. Kufotokoza kwa tiyi onse kumagwirizana pazofunikira; ngati ndi chinthu chomodzi pansi pa njira ziwiri, zikalata sizikunena.
* **Guanyinhu Lücha ([观音湖绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/guanyinhu-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma lomwelo la Xiaochang, chinthu chotetezedwa kuyambira 2015.
* **Dawu Lücha ([大悟绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dawu-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma loyandikana nalo la Dawu, komanso kum’mwera kwa mapiri a Dabieshan.
* **Fenghuang Dancong ([凤凰单丛](https://thetea.app/ny/article/fenghuang-dancong)):** Ulong wa ku Guangdong — kufanana kwa dzina, osati ubale.

**Pomaliza:**

Xiaochang Fenghuangshan Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa tauni imodzi kumapeto kwa Dabieshan. Ali ndi zikalata zambiri zachilendo kwa dzina laling’ono: chizindikiro cha 2015 ndi muyezo wa 2022 wokhala ndi mitundu ya zomera, njira zopangira ndi mitundu iwiri ya tiyi womalizidwa. Maonekedwe ake ndi osavuta ndi odziwika: tsamba lathyathyathya lobiriwira la emerald, fungo loyera lokhalitsa, madzi obiriwira wofewa, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kofewa.