---
title: "xiāngmáo"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xiangmao
lang: ny
updated: 2026-09-18
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# xiāngmáo (香茅)

Lemongrass ndi chowonjezera chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha "chouma" m'maphikidwe a kumwera kwa China, koma malinga ndi kagulu ka tiyi waku China, si 花茶 ndipo si tiyi ayi: alibe tsamba la tiyi ngati maziko, choncho alibenso ntchito yaikulu ya tekinoloje ya kununkhira — 窨 (*yìn*). Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mmene 香茅 alili mu dongosolo, momwe amachitira mu kapu, ndi momwe mungasokonezere ndi oyandikana naye pashelefu.

## Dzina ndi chomera chimenechi

香茅 (*xiāngmáo*, kwenikweni "tirigu wonunkhira, udzu wonunkhira") — dzina la malonda ndi lophikira la masamba ndi mbali yakumunsi ya tsinde la udzu wa mtundu wa Cymbopogon, makamaka *Cymbopogon citratus*, wodziwika mu miyambo ya ku Ulaya monga lemongrass. Palinso dzina lofanana 柠檬草 (*níngméng cǎo*, "udzu wa mandimu"), ndipo m'malo ophikira — 香茅草 (*xiāngmáo cǎo*). Uwu ndi udzu wosatha, womwe umapanga tchire lolimba la masamba opapatiza olimba ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa; pouma amagwiritsa ntchito tsamba (kudula) kapena tsinde lodulidwa — "mwendo".

Chofunika kwambiri kwa encyclopedia: Cymbopogon alibe ubale ndi *Camellia sinensis*. Kuchokera pano pamabwera zotsatira zonse — kuyambira kagulu mpaka njira yophikira.

## Chifukwa chake si 花茶: mfundo za 再加工茶

花茶 mu dongosolo laku China — ndi gawo la kalasi yachisanu ndi chiwiri, "yokonzedwanso" 再加工茶 (*zài jiāgōng chá*), yomwe ili kunja kwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambira (wobiriwira, woyera, wachikasu, wulong, wofiira, wakuda). Kapangidwe ka 花茶 nthawi zonse kamakhala ka mbali ziwiri:

1. **茶坯 (*chápī*)** — maziko a tiyi, nthawi zambiri 烘青绿茶 (*hōngqīng lǜchá*), tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa pa ng'anjo, kawirikawiri maziko ofiira, a wulong kapena oyera;
2. **duwa** ndi ntchito ya 窨 — kuyika duwa lamoyo m'mizere ndi maziko a tiyi (m'maonekedwe apamwamba mobwerezabwereza), kuti tsamba litenge zinthu zowuluka, kenako misa ya maluwa imachotsedwa.

Mu mndandanda wovomerezeka wa mitundu ya 花茶 — 茉莉花茶 (jasmine, wopambana kwambiri), 桂花茶 (osmanthus), 玫瑰花茶 (rozi), 白兰花茶 (magnolia), 珠兰花茶 (chloranthus), 玳玳花茶 (lalanje lowawa), 柚子花茶 (duwa la manyumelo), kuphatikiza mitundu yapamwamba ya jasmine (龙珠, 银针, 大白毫) ndi zokongoletsera 工艺花茶 — lemongrass kulibe ndipo sikungakhalepo. Chifukwa si chosowa, koma chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kamangidwe:

- 香茅 m'chinthucho **alibe maziko a tiyi**: ndi chopangira chochokera chokha chouma, osati tsamba la tiyi lonunkhitsidwa;
- fungo lake silowetsedwa ndi **窨, koma ndi kusakaniza mwachindunji** kwa kudula kouma, ndiko kuti, kusakaniza kwa makina.

Chofanana chapafupi mkati mwa mndandanda — malo a m'malire a 菊花茶 ndi 菊普: chrysanthemum yokha si tsamba la tiyi, choncho amatchulidwa ndi chenjezo, ndipo 菊普 amatanthauzidwa ngati kusakaniza ndi 普洱熟 (shu puer). 香茅 ali pa malire omwewo, koma sitepe ina kutali ndi tiyi: chrysanthemum ndi duwa, lomwe mwachikhalidwe linalembedwa mu dikishonale ya 花茶, koma lemongrass ndi chopangira cha udzu, chomwe chimalowa mu gawo lalikulu la malonda la "zolowa m'malo mwa tiyi" (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*). Palibe "mulingo wa 香茅花茶" wapadera, ndipo kuyesa kugulitsa kudula kwa lemongrass ngati 花茶 — ndi kulakwitsa kwa mawu kwa wogulitsa.

## Malo ndi chopangira

香茅 — chomera cha m'madera otentha ndi otentha achinyezi. Ku China chimalimidwa ndi kukonzedwa kumwera: ku Yunnan, ku Hainan, ku Guangdong ndi ku Guangxi. Ichi ndi mbewu ya mtundu wa minda, osati munda wa tiyi wamapiri: kudula kumachitika kangapo pa nyengo, ubwino umadalira zaka za tsamba, liwiro la kuumitsa, ndi ngati pansi pokhwima pachilichonse pamalowetsedwa.

Zizindikiro zothandiza za chopangira:
- **mtundu** — wobiriwira-wotuwa wowala mpaka wachikasu cha udzu; mtundu wa bulauni, wa "udzu wouma" umatanthauza kutenthedwa kwambiri kapena kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali;
- **kudula** — kofanana, kopanda fumbi ndi kopanda zidutswa zoyera zolimba za maziko;
- **fungo louma** — loyera la mandimu-citrus ndi pansi pa "udzu" wobiriwira; chopangira chonunkhira "udzu wouma" chokha chatha.

Mbiri yowuluka ya lemongrass imakhazikika pa citral (kusakaniza kwa geranial ndi neral) ndi geraniol ndi citronellal; ndi citral yomwe imapereka kufanana kodziwika ndi chikopa cha mandimu popanda acidity. Chigawochi ndi chowuluka komanso chosazindikira kuwala, choncho 香茅 imataya khalidwe lake mwachangu kuposa tsamba la tiyi: ma paketi osalowetsa mpweya, mdima ndi mapaketi ang'onoang'ono ndi ofunikira.

## Kukoma, madzi, ndi kuphikira

Madzi a 香茅 okha — achikasu otumbululuka, pafupifupi a mtundu wa mandimu, owonekera. Fungani muli chikopa cha mandimu, kutsitsimuka kwa tsinde, nthawi zina "ginger-soap" pang'ono pa chopangira chouma kwambiri. Kukoma kumakhala kochepa, kokoma pang'ono koyambirira, ndi mapeto ouma a udzu; palibe kuwawa kwa tea catechins, palibe kukhuthala, palibe kubwerera kwa kutsekemera m'mero (回甘, *huígān*) pano mwachilengedwe — palibe tsamba la tiyi.

Zoyendetsera za kuphikira (monga zopangira za udzu, osati ngati tiyi):

| mtundu | chopangira | madzi | nthawi |
|---|---|---|---|
| kuphika kokha, kapu | 2–3 g pa 250 ml | 95–100 °C | 3–5 min, 1–2 kuphika |
| gaiwan, kuphika kochepa | 3 g pa 120 ml | 100 °C | 30–60 s, mpaka 3 nthawi |
| ngati chowonjezera ku tiyi | 0,2–0,5 g pa 5 g ya tiyi | malinga ndi tiyi woyambira | malinga ndi tiyi woyambira |

Lamulo lofunikira kwambiri la kusakaniza: 香茅 ndi wamphamvu pa fungo, ndipo gawo lake lodziwika limafafaniza tiyi woyambira. Choncho, m'machitidwe a msika, nthawi zambiri amayikidwa ku maziko olimba, "akuda" omwe amapirira — makamaka 普洱熟, malinga ndi mfundo zomwezo zomwe 菊普 amapangidwira; kawirikawiri ku tiyi wofiira. Ku mbiri zowonda za 花茶, makamaka jasmine, lemongrass sakayikidwa: nsonga ziwiri za citrus-maluwa zimasemphana, ndipo "kutsitsimuka kwapadera" kwa jasmine (鲜灵) kumatayika.

## Mzere wa chikhalidwe

Udindo wophikira wa 香茅 ku China ndi wakale komanso wolemera kuposa uliwonse wa "tiyi". Mu zakudya za anthu a Dai (傣族) kumwera kwa Yunnan, lemongrass ndi udzu wofunikira kwambiri: 香茅草烤鱼, nsomba yokulungidwa ndi tsinde ndi kuphikidwa pamoto wa makala, ndi imodzi mwa zakudya zodziwika bwino za kumaloko. Tsinde limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira fungo, chimango ndi nthawi yomweyo chokometsera, tsamba — pa madzi ndi marinades. Kuchokera pano pamabwera chizolowezi cha "panyumba" chophika kudula kouma ngati madzi otentha a tsiku ndi tsiku m'malo otentha — mchitidwe wa tsiku ndi tsiku, osati wolowa mu malamulo a tiyi.

Mu malonda a tiyi, 香茅 amawonekera m'njira ziwiri: ngati chophatikizira cha zosakaniza za udzu za msika wamba ndi ngati gawo la zosakaniza zotumizidwa kunja. M'mbali zonse ziwiri, ili ndi gulu la msika, osati la muyezo: ilibe sukulu ya mbiri ya 窨, ilibe magawo apamwamba a mitundu, ndipo ilibe malo ake mu mndandanda wa mitundu ya 花茶.

## Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi zomwe amasokonezedwa nazo

**香茅 (lemongrass, Cymbopogon)** — kudula kwa masamba opapatiza olimba ndi mitsempha yotalikira, nthawi zina zidutswa za tsinde lowala lolimba; fungo la citral, "mandimu kuphatikiza tsinde".

Kusokonezeka kofala:
- **柠檬马鞭草 / verbena ya mandimu (Aloysia)** — tsamba lalikulu, lanset, lokhuthala, fungo lokoma kwambiri ndi "lotsekemera la mandimu"; ichi ndi chomera china ndi chopangira china;
- **柠檬香蜂草 / lemon balm** — tsamba lozungulira ndi m'mphepete mwa mano, fungo la timinti-mandimu;
- **chikopa chouma cha citrus** (kuphatikiza 陈皮) — citrus wosiyana kwambiri, wamafuta-wowawa, ndipo poyang'ana ndi khungu la chipatso, osati udzu;
- **"tiyi wobiriwira wa lemongrass"** — ngati paketiyo muli maziko a tiyi kuphatikiza kudula kwa udzu, mukuyang'ana kusakaniza kwa makina, osati 花茶: mu 花茶 kununkhira kwachitika ndi 窨, ndipo masamba ena a zomera mu chinthu chomalizidwa, monga lamulo, sakhalapo.

Mayeso oyendetsa ndi osavuta. Thirani madzi otentha pa chopangiracho ndipo yesani thupi la madziwo: 香茅 amapereka madzi onunkhira koma "opanda kanthu" popanda kukhuthala kwa tiyi. Ngati mu kapu muli kukhuthala kwa tiyi ndi chimango chomangirira — 茶坯 ikugwira ntchito, ndipo chinthucho chiyenera kufotokozedwa kudzera mu maziko ake (wobiriwira, wofiira, shu puer), ndipo lemongrass iyenera kutchedwa chomwe aliri: chowonjezera chouma chonunkhira.

## Chidule cha katalogu

Mu gawo la "maluwa ndi chopangira chouma" 香茅 ali ndi malo oona a chophatikizira cha udzu: salowa mu magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambira, sali wa 花茶 mkati mwa 再加工茶 ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera chosakaniza kapena madzi odziyimira okha. Mphamvu yake — nsonga yodziwika nthawi yomweyo ya citral; kufooka kwake — kutaya fungo mwachangu ndi chizolowezi chophimba maziko aliwonse owonda a tiyi. Zinthu zonse ziwirizi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pogula komanso popanga zosakaniza.