---
title: "Xián'ān zhuānchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xian-an-zhuancha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xián'ān zhuānchá (咸安砖茶)

**Xián'ān Zhuānchá** (*Xián'ān zhuānchá*, 咸安砖茶) ndi tiyi woponderezedwa wa mdima wochokera kuchigawo cha Xián'ān (咸安区) cha mzinda wa Xiánníng kumwera kwa chigawo cha Húběi. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku theka lokonzeka *lǎoqīngchá* ([老青茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/lao-qing-cha)), lomwe limadutsa mu kuwunjika konyowa, ndipo amaponderezedwa kukhala njerwa zazing'ono zolimba. Uwu ndi mwambo wa ku Hubei wa "njerwa yobiriwira" (青砖茶). Malinga ndi zomwe zinasindikizidwa pa portal ya boma la Xiánníng, kupanga kwake kwapitirira zaka 400. Kuyambira 2015, dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha malo a zaulimi, ndipo mu 2025, tiyi adadziwika ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

**1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wakuda (黑茶, *hēichá*), woponderezedwa. Gulu limaperekedwa ndi lamulo la chitetezo: theka lakonzeka pambuyo pa kukhazikika, kupindika, ndi kuyanika padzuwa limadutsa mu kuwunjika konyowa ([渥堆](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wodui), *wòduī*), chizindikiro cha tiyi wakuda.
* **Msampha wa dzina:** "青" mu mawu oti 青砖茶 (*qīngzhuānchá*) satanthauza tiyi wobiriwira: njerwa imaponderezedwa kuchokera ku theka lokonzeka 老青茶 (*lǎoqīngchá*), ndipo gulu limaperekedwa ndi luso lokhala ndi kuwunjika.
* **Gulu:** "Njerwa yobiriwira" ya ku Hubei; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北, *Húběi*), mzinda wa Xiánníng (咸宁, *Xiánníng*), chigawo cha Xián'ān (咸安, *Xián'ān*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Matauni asanu ndi awiri ndi midzi ya chigawochi: Guìhuā ([桂花](https://thetea.app/ny/article/guihua)镇), Mǎqiáo (马桥镇), Dàmù (大幕乡), Shuāngxīqiáo (双溪桥镇), Hèshèngqiáo (贺胜桥镇), Tīngsīqiáo (汀泗桥镇) ndi Hénggōuqiáo (横沟桥镇): midzi 63 ndi nkhalango ya boma imodzi, yonse mahekitala 2000.
* **Ma coordinates a geography:** 114°06′–114°43′ E ndi 29°39′–30°02′ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Zoyambira.** Malinga ndi nkhani yokhudza tiyi wa njerwa wa Chìbì pa tsamba la Hubei Provincial CPPCC Committee (2023), choyambirira cha 青砖茶 chinali tiyi wa mbale wa m'nthawi ya Song (片茶), womwe, malinga ndi "History of Song" (宋史), ankaupiza nthunzi ndi kuupanga; pambuyo pake amalonda a Yánglóudòng (羊楼洞) pofuna kutsika mtengo wa katundu wakutali anayamba kupondereza tiyi kukhala ma cylinder (帽盒茶).
    * **1368.** Malinga ndi kaundula wa cholowa chosagwirika, banja la Hé (何) linasamuka kuchokera ku Jiāngxī (malinga ndi nkhani ya CPPCC, kuchokera ku chigawo cha Xiūshuǐ, 修水) kupita kudera lomwe lili pansi pa Xiánníng (柏墩) ndipo linayamba kupanga ndi kugulitsa tiyi; kuyambira pamenepo lusoli laperekedwa kudzera mibadwo makumi awiri; kaundulayu akutcha banjali kukhala oyambitsa chizindikiro cha Chángshèngchuān (长盛川). Ukadaulo wake kuyambira 2021 uli mndandanda wa boma wa cholowa chosagwirika monga nthambi ya luso la tiyi wakuda (pempho linaperekedwa kuchokera ku Yíchāng, komwe lusolo linachokera ku Xiánníng).
    * **Ming ndi Qing.** Malinga ndi nkhani ya "Xiánníng Rìbào" pa tsamba la boma la mzinda (2020), tiyi wa njerwa wa Xián'ān "anayamba m'nthawi ya Ming, anakula m'nthawi ya Qing". Chizindikiro chomwe magwero amasonyeza tiyi wa njerwa wa Xián'ān ndi "生甡川" (m'mabuku ndi m'madongosolo a geographical indications, "生川"); mbiri yake, malinga ndi gwero lomwelo, imayamba mu 1590, m'chaka cha 18 cha nthawi ya Wànlì.
    * **1911.** Mendulo ya golide pa Panama International Exposition, chaka malinga ndi gwero, palibe umboni wina.
    * **1927.** Tiyi anasonyezedwa ngati chopangidwa cha kalasi yoyamba pa chionetsero choyamba cha zinthu zapakhomo cha Hubei.
    * **2015.** Unduna wa Zaulimi, ndi chilengezo No. 2314 cha pa 5 November 2015, unalembetsa chizindikiro cha malo a zaulimi (nambala AGI01763). Mwini wake ndi Xián'ān District Organic Tea Association (咸宁市咸安区[有机茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/youji-cha)产业协会).
    * **2025.** Chilengezo cha China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 640 chinazindikira tiyi ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo; wopempha anali Xián'ān District Tea Association (咸宁市咸安区茶叶协会).
* **Kusiyana kwa zaka:** Tsamba lomwelo la mzinda mu nkhani ya 2010 yokhudza 青砖茶 ya ku Hubei limalemba za "kupitirira zaka zana" za kupanga m'chigawo cha Xiánníng, kusiyana ndi "kupitirira zaka 400" mu nkhani ya 2020.
* **Misika:** Malinga ndi nkhani ya 2020, tiyi wa chizindikiro cha "生甡川" ankagulitsidwa ku Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, ku Mongolia, Russia, Japan, Western Europe, ndi North America.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Chigawochi chikumanga chizindikiro chaboma pa dzinali.

**3. Kufotokoza za Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Lamulo limatchula zoyambira 福鼎大白 (*Fúdǐng dàbái*), 白毫早 (*Báiháozǎo*), 碧香早 (*Bìxiāngzǎo*) ndi 鄂茶8号 (*Èchá 8*); monga mtundu watsopano wokulitsidwa amabzala 黄金芽 (*Huángjīnyá*), malinga ndi lamulo, yokhala ndi amino acid ambiri.
* **Zopangira za mitundu iwiri:** Pa tiyi woyang'anizana (面茶, *miànchá*), masamba achichepere ofewa a mafunde oyamba a nyengo ndi mapesi; pa kudzazidwa (里茶, *lǐchá*), masamba okhwima, otambasuka kwathunthu a nyengo yomweyo, makamaka ndi mapesi ofiira.
* **Kututa:** M'mabasiketi a bamboo oyera, opumira mpweya; masamba amatengera ku fakitale popanda kuchedwa.
* **Chisamaliro:** Feteleza wamkulu wa organic amaperekedwa m'dzinja kuya kwa 20 cm: 200–250 kg ya keke kapena organic yogulidwa kapena 1000–2000 kg ya ndowe pa 667 m².

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Malo:** Kusintha kuchokera ku mapiri a Mùfù (幕阜山) kupita ku chigwa cha Jiānghàn; malo okwera kwambiri ndi nsonga ya Zǎobèiyǎn ya phiri la Dàmù, 954.1 m, mapiri apakati ndi kum'mawa ali pa 50–300 m.
* **Dothi:** Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi, makamaka yosalowerera kapena yotsika pang'ono acidic, pH 5.5–7.5. Dothi lofiira (46.04% ya malo) lili pa mapiri otsika ndi mapiri pa utali wa 50–800 m.
* **Nyengo:** Subtropical monsoon yonyowa; maola 1879.65 a dzuwa pachaka (42% ya zotheka), pafupifupi masiku 150 a mvula ndi 1531.4 mm ya mvula.
* **Chilengedwe:** Malinga ndi lamulo, minda imakhala m'malo pafupifupi oyambirira, popanda zowononga mafakitale pa utali wa makilomita asanu; zokolola ziyenera kukwaniritsa muyezo wa tiyi wopanda zoopsa (无公害食品 茶叶, NY5244-2004).
* **Malo ndi zokolola:** Lamulo, minda yaikulu ya 10,000 mu ndi 5000 t (buku limatchula ziwerengerozi ku 2014); khadi la database ya geographical indications, pafupifupi 20,000 mu ndi zopitirira 2000 t.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Lamulo la chitetezo limapereka njira ziwiri: *lǎoqīngchá* ndi masamba atsopano → kukhazikika → kupindika → kuyanika padzuwa; njerwa ndi *lǎoqīngchá* → kuwunjika → kusankha → kusakaniza → kupondereza → kuyanitsa.

1. **Kukhazikika (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Mu ng'oma pa kutentha kwa khoma pafupifupi 350 °C pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, mpaka masamba atafewa.
2. **Kupindika (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Akatentha, motsatira dongosolo la "kupanikizika kofooka, kwamphamvu, kofooka", mphindi 10–20.
3. **Kuyanika padzuwa (晒干, *shàigān*):** Mpaka chinyezi pafupifupi 15%.
4. **Kuwunjika (渥堆, *wòduī*):** Zopangira zimanyowetsedwa kufika 28–36% ndipo zimayikidwa m'mulu wa mitundu mosiyana utali pafupifupi 3 m. Pambuyo pa masiku 3–5 mulu umatentha pafupifupi 60 °C, ndipo umasinthidwa; pambuyo pa masiku ena 2–3 milu imaphatikizidwa kukhala yayikulu, utali pafupifupi 5 m, ndipo ikatentha pafupifupi 60 °C, m'menemo amabowola ngalande za mpweya. Kuwunjika kwathunthu kumatenga masiku 20–30, mpaka chinyezi pafupifupi 12%.
5. **Kusankha ndi kusakaniza (复制、[拼配](https://thetea.app/ny/article/chunliaopinpei), *fùzhì, pīnpèi*):** Zopangira zimadulidwa, kusefedwa, kuyeretsedwa ku zosafunika, ndipo mitundu imasakanizidwa m'miyeso yokhazikitsidwa.
6. **Kupondereza (压制, *yāzhì*):** Zopangira zimafewetsedwa ndi nthunzi ndipo zimaponderezedwa m'mafomu.
7. **Kuyanitsa (干燥, *gānzào*):** M'chipinda chotenthetsera ndi nthunzi, kuchokera 35–40 °C kufika 55–70 °C kwa masiku 7–11.

Buku limalongosola mosiyana: press ya hydraulic, mafomu a mtengo wa sandalwood, ndi kuyanika pa makala a nkhuni. Portal ya mzinda m'mafotokozedwe onse a 青砖茶 ya ku Hubei (osati lamulo la tiyi uyu) imapereka njerwa ya 2 kg ya miyeso 34 × 17 × 4 cm: wosanjikiza wakunja 洒面 ndi wa zipangizo zabwino kwambiri, wamkati woyang'anizana 二面 ndi wosavuta pang'ono (zigawo zonse pamodzi ndi 0.125 kg), kudzazidwa 里茶 ndi wa zosavuta kwambiri (1.75 kg).

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Njerwa yaing'ono yolimba yowoneka bwino (外形美观，形状为小砖型，质地坚硬); mtundu wobiriwira-bulauni (青褐).
* **Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m'magwero opezeka.
* **Kununkhira kwa madzi:** Koyera (纯正).
* **Kukoma:** Kodzaza ndi koyera (浓纯). Kufotokoza kwakukulu kwa gululi kumawonjezera: popanda "kubiriwira" kwa udzu.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wofiira ndi wowala (红亮); kwa gululo lonse, wofiira-wachikasu.
* **Masamba otsala:** Palibe kufotokoza kwa tiyi uyu; kwa 青砖茶 ya ku Hubei yonse, yakuda, pafupifupi yakuda, yolimba (暗黑粗老).

**7. Zomwe Zili mu Mankhwala:**

| Chizindikiro | Lamulo la 2015 ndi zofunikira za CNIPA 2025 |
| :--- | :--- |
| Zotulutsa zosungunuka m'madzi | ≥ 20 % |
| Polyphenols | ≥ 0,5 % |
| Caffeine | ≥ 1,0 % |
| Ma amino acid aulere | ≥ 0,10 % |

Zofunikira za CNIPA 2025 zimabwereza malire a lamulo la 2015; malire a polyphenols ndi amino acid ndi otsika kwambiri.

**8. Zopindulitsa:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika yokhudza zotsatira za tiyi uyu. Mndandanda wautali wa maganizo achikhalidwe okhudza ubwino mu lamulo la chitetezo siwo deta yotsimikizika.

**9. Kupanga:**

Njira yochokera ku lamulo la chitetezo: dulani ndi mpeni kachidutswa kakang'ono kuchokera ku njerwa, phwanyani, thirani madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1 : 50 ndikuwiritsa kwa mphindi 2–3 pambuyo pa kuwira. M'mawu a Unduna wa Zaulimi okhudza Chìbì yoyandikana nayo, amanena kuti njerwa ya ku Hubei imatsegulidwa ndi chida chapadera cha tiyi (茶锥) ndipo kenako imawiritsidwa.

Mchitidwe wa gululi pa tiyi wakuda woponderezedwa ndi kupititsa madzi: 5 g pa 100–150 ml ya madzi 95–100 °C mu tiyi wa dothi kapena gaiwan; sambani ndi kutaya, kupangira koyamba ndi masekondi 10–20, kenako kupititsa kochuluka ndi kuwonjezera nthawi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gululi. Pamalo owuma, opumira mpweya popanda kuwala ndi fungo, m'matumba a pepala, pa kutentha kwa chipinda.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m'magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical indication. Mu mndandanda wa 50 wa zigawo zololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro (August 2025), makampani atatu atchulidwa: 咸宁市柏庄茶业有限公司, 咸宁市剑春茶业合作社 ndi 咸宁市三山川茶业股份有限公司. Nambala ya 2025 No. 642 imapezeka pa zolemba zonse 1153, koma ndiyo chilolezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito, osati kuzindikira kwa chinthu (No. 640).
    * Onetsetsani chiyambi: matauni asanu ndi awiri ndi midzi ya chigawo cha Xián'ān.
    * Pa chizindikiro cha zaulimi, chilolezo chimaperekedwa ndi District Organic Tea Association, ndipo wopanga popanda chilolezo chake saloledwa kuyika chizindikiro.
    * Musasokoneze ndi tiyi wa njerwa wa Chìbì woyandikana naye, womwe uli ndi dzina lake ndi malo ake.
    * Musasokoneze Xián'ān (咸安) ku Hubei ndi Xiányáng (咸阳) ku Shǎnxī, kumene amapanga tiyi wa fù woponderezedwa wawo.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Kuwunjika mu lamulo kumafotokozedwa mwa masiku, pafupifupi mwezi wa ntchito.
* Zopangira zimagawidwa malinga ndi malo mu njerwa: zofewa pa kuyang'anizana, zokhwima ndi mapesi ofiira pa kudzazidwa.
* Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mu lamulo ndi kuwiritsa, osati kupanga.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wakuda:**

* **Hubei Qing Zhuan ([湖北青砖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/hubei-qing-zhuan)):** "Njerwa yobiriwira" ya ku Hubei yonse, ndi likulu ku Yánglóudòng; Xián'ān Zhuānchá ndi dzina lotetezedwa la chigawo chimodzi cha mwambo womwewo.
* **Lǎo Qīng Chá (老青茶):** Theka lokonzeka lomwe limaponderezedwanso kukhala njerwa ya Xián'ān.
* **Línxiāng Hēichá ([临湘黑茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/linxiang-heicha)):** Tiyi wakuda wa chigawo cha Línxiāng cha chigawo cha Húnán.

**Pomaliza:**

Xián'ān Zhuānchá ndi tiyi wakuda wa njerwa wa kumwera kwa Hubei wokhala ndi lamulo latsatanetsatane: matauni asanu ndi awiri, kuyang'anizana ndi masamba ofewa ndi kudzazidwa ndi masamba okhwima, mwezi wa kuwunjika, ndi njerwa zazing'ono zolimba zokhala ndi madzi ofiira owala. Zaka za mwambo magwero amaziyesa mosiyana: "kupitirira zaka 400" ndi "kupitirira zana".