---
title: "Tiānshān hóng"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/tianshan-hong
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Tiānshān hóng (天山红)

**Tianshan Hong** (*Tiānshān hóng*, 天山红) ndi tiyi wofiira wa m'mapiri a Tianshan m'dera la Jiaocheng (蕉城区) mumzinda wa Ningde, m'chigawo cha Fujian. Mapiriwa adapatsa dzina mndandanda wathunthu wa tiyi wam'deralo: wobiriwira, woyera, wofiira, oolong ndi wa jasmine, ndipo wofiirayo ndi mng'ono wake wa Tianshan Lü Cha wodziwika bwino. Kuyambira 2014, dzina lakuti "天山红" limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification; mwiniwake ndi yemweyo wa tiyi wobiriwira, bungwe la tiyi la dera la Jiaocheng. Momwe tiyi weniweniyo ayenera kukhalira: maonekedwe, kukoma, mtundu, luso lopanga, zomwe zinalembedwa m'magwero oyambirira sizikunenedwa.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*), wothira fermentation yonse. Mu mndandanda wa "宁德天山茶" amalembedwa ngati "宁德天山红茶". M'ndandanda wa zigawo, chinthu cha chizindikiro chalembedwa mokulirapo: "tiyi". Kuti ndi gulu liti la tiyi wofiira: gongfu, xiaozhong kapena lina, m'magwero oyambirira omwe adapezeka sizinatchulidwe.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wofiira waku Fujian wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2014); gawo la mndandanda wa dera la "宁德天山茶".
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), mzinda wa Ningde (宁德, *Níngdé*), dera la Jiaocheng (蕉城, *Jiāochéng*), mapiri a Tianshan.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Mndandanda wa zigawo umatchula Jiaocheng ngati malo a bungwe lomwe lili ndi chizindikiro. Malire azamalamulo a malowa m'magwero omwe adapezeka palibe.
* **Njira yotetezera:** Chizindikiro cha geographical certification cha State Intellectual Property Office ya China (CNIPA) № 11836552, kalasi 30, chinthu: tiyi. Tsiku lolembedwa m'ndandanda wa zigawo: 21 Epulo 2014; mwiniwake: bungwe la tiyi la dera la Jiaocheng mumzinda wa Ningde (宁德蕉城区茶业协会). Pa 30 June 2026, kulembaku kukuwoneka ngati kukugwira ntchito.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Tiyi wa Jiaocheng chizindikiro chisanayambe.** Malinga ndi dera, monga China Radio International idanenera mu 2019, pano amapanga tiyi wamsonkho: nthawi ya Tang "蜡面茶", nthawi ya Song tiyi woponderezedwa "团饼茶", nthawi ya Ming ndi Qing tiyi wochokera ku masamba aang'ono. Kumapeto kwa Qing, padoko la Sanduao (三都澳) adatsegula kasitomu ya Fuhaiguan (福海关), ndipo dokolo lidakhala lalikulu panthawiyo potumiza tiyi kunja.
    * **2014.** "Tianshan Hong" adalandira chizindikiro cha geographical certification: chachiwiri m'derali pambuyo pa Tianshan Lü Cha wobiriwira, yemwe chizindikiro chake chidalembedwa mu 2009.
    * **Mphotho za mndandanda.** Malinga ndi zomwezo za 2019, tiyi wa mndandandawu: wobiriwira, wofiira, woyera ndi oolong wokhala ndi dzina la Tianshan, adalandira mphotho za dziko lonse, zachigawo ndi zamzinda maulendo 54. Zingati mwa izo zidapita ku tiyi wofiira sizikunenedwa.
    * **2023.** Dera lidalengeza "宁德天山白茶" kukhala mtundu waukulu wapagulu, pomwe "宁德[天山绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tianshan-lucha)" ndi "宁德天山红茶" ndi mizere yomwe ikukula pafupi nayo; chaka chomwecho dera lidalonjeza kulimbitsa zizindikiro zake ziwiri za geographical: "天山绿茶" ndi "天山红".
* **Dzina:**
    * "Tianshan" (天山) ndi "Mapiri Akumwamba", mtunda wa kumadzulo kwa tawuni ya Yangzhong (洋中镇), wotambasulidwa kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kupita kumwera chakum'mawa; kufika kumudzi wa Jitou pansi pa mapiri ake kuchokera ku mzinda wa Jiaocheng, malinga ndi nkhani yachigawo ya 2023, ndi makilomita makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu kumadzulo. Ndimeyi siyikugwirizana ndi mapiri a Tianshan ku Central Asia: dzina ndi lomwelo, koma mapiri ndi ena.
    * "Hong" (红) ndi "wofiira", chidule cha "hongcha" (红茶).
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Jiaocheng kuyambira kale amatchedwa "kwawo kwa tiyi wodziwika ku China" (中国名茶之乡), ndipo chizindikiro chake chachikulu ndi Tianshan Lü Cha wobiriwira. Malinga ndi dera, mu 2022 minda ya tiyi ya Jiaocheng inali ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 133,000, kupanga tiyi kunafika matani 13,000, ndipo mtengo wa unyolo wonse wa tiyi unali 4.14 biliyoni yuan. Tiyi wofiira pachithunzichi ndi mzere wachiwiri wotetezedwa pafupi ndi wobiriwira.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Mitundu iti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa "Tianshan Hong" m'magwero omwe adapezeka sizikunenedwa. Malinga ndi dera mu 2019, ku Jiaocheng kwabzalidwa pafupifupi mahekitala 55,000 a mitundu yatsopano yonunkhira kwambiri: Jin Guanyin ([金观音](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-guanyin)), Jin Mudan ([金牡丹](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-mudan)), Zi Meigui (紫玫瑰) ndi Jinguan (金冠茶). Nkhani ya 2023 imatchula mawu a mlimi wam'deralo: kuchokera ku masamba a Jin Mudan amapanga tiyi woyera wonunkhira bwino ndi tiyi wofiira wa "luso latsopano". Kuti izi zikugwirizana ndi tiyi wa chizindikiro sizingatsimikizidwe.
* **Mulingo wokolola:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.
* **Nthawi yokolola:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.

**4. Malo ndi Zochitika Za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Tianshan kum'mawa kwa Fujian (闽东, *Mǐndōng*). Nkhani ya 2023 imawafotokoza motere: mapiri amayang'ana kunyanja, nyengo ndi yofewa, dzuwa ndi mvula ndi zambiri.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Palibe deta ya tiyi wa chizindikiro. Kumudzi wa Jitou (际头村) m'tawuni ya Yangzhong, womwe nkhani yachigawo ya 2023 imatchula ngati komwe tiyi wa Tianshan adachokera, mapiri a tiyi, malinga ndi mtsogoleri wa kampani yomwe ikuwabwezeretsa, ali pafupifupi pamwamba pa 1000 m.
* **Dothi:** Kampani yomweyo imafotokoza dothi la mapiri ngati lamiyala komanso lolemera mchere. Mtundu weniweni wa dothi m'magwero omwe adapezeka palibe.
* **Chochititsa chidwi:** Ku Jitou kuli malo otetezedwa a chigawo a chuma chamtengo wapatali cha chibadwa cha chitsamba cha tiyi; malinga ndi kampani yomweyo, m'mapiri mumamera mitundu yoposa khumi ya tiyi wamtchire, ndipo zaka za mitengo ina ndi mazana awiri kapena mazana atatu.

**5. Luso la Kupanga:**

Luso la "Tianshan Hong" m'magwero omwe adapezeka palibe. Pansipa pali ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wofiira, osati kufotokoza luso la Tianshan:

1.  **Kufota (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Masamba amataya chinyezi chambiri ndikukhala ofewa.
2.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Madzi amatuluka pamwamba pa tsamba.
3.  **Kuthira fermentation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Kutsekemera kumapereka mtundu wofiira wa madzi ndi pansi.
4.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*).**

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokozera maonekedwe ndi kukoma kuchokera mu chikalata cha chizindikiro kapena gwero lina loyambirira sindinapeze.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.
* **Kukoma:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.
* **Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa):** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe adapezeka.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Palibe deta ya physicochemical ya tiyi ameneyu m'magwero omwe adapezeka.

**8. Ubwino:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kaphikidwe:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi ya tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–4 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain: momwemo mumaoneka madzi ofiira.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Kupaka koyamba: masekondi 10–20.
    4. Tsanulirani kwathunthu.
    5. Kupaka kulikonse kotsatira: pang'ono motalikirapo.
    6. Kutulutsa anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, kutentha kwapakati, pamalo owuma ndi amdima, popanda fungo lachilendo. Tiyi wofiira amapirira kusungidwa kuposa wobiriwira, koma fungo lake limachepa pakapita nthawi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:**

Palibe deta yamtengo m'magwero omwe adapezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonama:**
    * Yang'anani pa phukusi chizindikiro cha geographical indication; nambala ya chizindikiro: 11836552.
    * Onetsetsani kuti tiyi adapangidwa m'dera la Jiaocheng mumzinda wa Ningde.
    * Musasokoneze ndi Tianshan Lü Cha: umenewu ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa mndandanda womwewo wokhala ndi chizindikiro chake.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Bungwe lomwelo la tiyi la Jiaocheng ndi lomwe lili ndi chizindikiro cha "天山红" komanso zizindikiro za "天山绿茶": malinga ndi mndandanda wachigawo pali zitatu, za 2009 ndi 2012.
* Mu mndandanda wa "宁德天山茶" muli mayina asanu a mtunda womwewo: tiyi wobiriwira, woyera ndi wofiira, oolong Tianshan Jin Guanyin (天山金观音) ndi jasmine Tianshan Yinhao (天山银毫).
* Kuyambira 2023, dera likuyika patsogolo osati wobiriwira kapena wofiira, koma tiyi woyera wa mndandanda.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina:**

* **Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa mapiri omwewo ndi wa mwiniwake yemweyo wa chizindikiro, wodziwika kwambiri mu mndandanda.
* **Moli Yin Hao ([茉莉银毫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/moli-yin-hao)):** Tiyi wa jasmine; mtundu wa Tianshan uli mu mndandanda womwewo.
* **Tanyang Gong Fu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa m'dera lomwelo la Ningde, mmodzi mwa "gongfu atatu akuluakulu a Fujian".
* **Bailin Gong Fu ([白琳工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/bai-lin-gongfu)):** Tiyi wina wofiira wa gongfu wa m'dera la Ningde wochokera mu atatu omwewo.
* **Gutian Hongcha ([古田红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/gutian-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa chigawo cha Gutian m'dera lomwelo la Ningde, wokhala ndi chizindikiro chake cha 2018.

**Pomaliza:**

Tianshan Hong ndi nthambi yofiira ya mndandanda wa Tianshan wa Jiaocheng, yotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro kuyambira 2014. Zolemba za iye zimakamba zambiri za dera kusiyana ndi tiyi: chizindikiro, mwiniwake, malo ake mu njira ya mtundu, pomwe kuyambira 2023 patsogolo pali tiyi woyera. Maonekedwe, kukoma, mitundu, nthawi zokolola ndi luso zikudikirabe gwero loyambirira.