---
title: "Téngchōng hēichá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/tengchong-heicha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Téngchōng hēichá (腾冲黑茶)

**Tengchong Heicha** (*Téngchōng hēichá*, 腾冲黑茶) ndi tiyi wakuda wa mzinda wa Tengchong (腾冲市) m’boma la Baoshan (保山) kumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Yunnan, pafupi ndi malire a Myanmar. Dzinali ndi limodzi mwa zizindikiro zisanu zaumwini za malo zomwe Tengchong, malinga ndi zomwe akuluakulu a m’deralo adanena, adalembetsa mu 2016 m’magulu asanu a tiyi. Kufotokoza kwa chizindikirocho n’kofupikitsa: masamba olumikizana kwambiri okhala ndi nsonga zowonekera bwino, fungo lokhuthala la “kukalamba”, kukoma kokhazikika kofewa, mtundu wofiira kwambiri, ndi masamba ofiira abulauni ataphikidwa. Umenewu ndi mawonekedwe a tiyi wofufuzidwa pambuyo pake, koma mmene chizindikirochi chikugwirizanirana ndi pu-erh, omwe amatetezedwa m’boma lomwelo, magwero omwe tapeza sakufotokoza.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wakuda (黑茶, *hēichá*). Gululi lasonyezedwa m’dzinalo, lomwe lili m’gulu la zizindikiro zisanu mwa magulu — 绿茶, 红茶, 乌龙茶, 黑茶, 白茶. Kufotokoza kwa chizindikirocho kumagwirizana nako: fungo la “kukalamba” (陈香) ndi masamba ofiira abulauni ndi zizindikiro za tiyi wofufuzidwa pambuyo pake. Zofunika paukadaulo sindinaziwone.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wakuda wa Yunnan; chizindikiro chaumwini cha malo cha mndandanda wa “腾冲茶”.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Yunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*), boma la Baoshan (保山, *Bǎoshān*), mzinda wa Tengchong (腾冲, *Téngchōng*).
* **Dera la chizindikiro:** Malinga ndi nkhokwe yophatikiza ya zizindikiro za malo “地理标志特产大全”, m’derali muli matauni ndi mizinda 18 ya m’boma, monga Tengyue (腾越镇), Gudong (固东镇) ndi Diantan (滇滩镇). Kwa zizindikiro zobiriwira ndi zofiira za mndandandawu, dera lonse ndi boma lonse; kwa tiyi wakuda linalembedwa ngati mndandanda wa matauni. Mndandanda wathunthu ndi malamulo a chizindikiro sindinawapeze. Pempho la zizindikiro zisanu zonse za mndandandawu, malinga ndi ofesi yoyang’anira tiyi ya m’boma, linaperekedwa ndi bungwe la tiyi la Tengchong.
* **Malo a latitude ndi longitude:** Pafupifupi 25.0° N ndi 98.5° E.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Chiyambi.** Malinga ndi nkhani ya m’boma ya 2014, tiyi ku Tengchong amabzalidwa kuyambira zaka za Hongwu (洪武) za mzera wa Ming (明). Za tiyi wakuda ku Tengchong wakale sindinapeze zolembedwa.
    * **1912–1921.** Malinga ndi nkhani yolembedwa patsamba la boma la Tengchong (2021), Feng Zhenguo (封镇国), yemwe kuyambira 1912 ankagwira ntchito monga woyang’anira ku Xiaomengtong (小猛统) pafupi ndi dera la tiyi la Mengku (勐库), adabweretsa mbewu za tiyi kuchokera kumeneko ndikuzibzala pafupi ndi mudzi wa kwawo wa Cuanlong (窜龙村). Nkhani ya m’boma ya 2014 imati kubweretsa mbewu kunachitika m’zaka za m’ma 1920.
    * **2015–2016.** Malinga ndi ofesi yoyang’anira tiyi ya m’boma, mu 2015 bungwe la tiyi la Tengchong linapereka pempho la zizindikiro zisanu mwa magulu a tiyi; malinga ndi zomwe boma linanena, mu 2016 zizindikirozo zinalembetsedwa, mwa zina 腾冲黑茶. M’chaka chomwecho cha 2016, bungweli linkakonzekera mawonekedwe ogwirizana a mndandanda wa “腾冲茶”, ndipo m’ndandanda wa malonda ake anatchulidwa tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira, oolong ndi “腾冲[普洱茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/pu-ercha)” — pu-erh, ndi mawu oti “ndi ena”; tiyi wakuda sanatchulidwe payekha.
    * **2019.** Chizindikirocho chili m’ndandanda wachigawo wa zizindikiro za malo ku Yunnan wa pa 28 December 2019 (mzere 63).
    * **2024.** Ofesi yoyang’anira zaulimi inanena za zizindikiro zisanu zaumwini za malo pa tiyi m’bomali.
* **Dzina:** 腾冲 (*Téngchōng*) ndi dzina la mzinda wa boma, kale Tengyue (腾越); 黑茶 (*hēichá*) ndi tiyi wakuda, m’tanthauzo lenileni “wakuda”.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Bomali likukulitsa “腾冲茶” monga limodzi mwa magulu ake asanu ndi limodzi a ntchito. Pampikisano wa 2023, malinga ndi yankho la ofesi yoyang’anira zaulimi ya mzinda (2024), tiyi anaweruzidwa m’magulu asanu ndi limodzi — wofiira, wobiriwira, pu-erh, oolong, woyera, ndi wakumaloko “moguocha” (磨锅茶, *móguōchá*). Tiyi wakuda yemwe ali ndi dzina lake payekha sanatchulidwe.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Sizinatchulidwe m’kufotokoza kwa chizindikiro. Malinga ndi ofesi yoyang’anira zaulimi, mu 2023 m’bomali munali mahekitala oposa 50,000 a gulu la 云南群体大[叶种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu) (*Yúnnán qúntǐ dàyèzhǒng*), mahekitala 64,000 a mtundu wolembedwa wa 云抗10号 (*Yúnkàng shí hào*) ndi mahekitala 47,000 a madera a mitengo yakale ya tiyi (1 mu ndi pafupifupi 667 m²). Zomwe mwa izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga tiyi wakuda, gwero silikunena.
* **Zopangira:** “Nsonga zowonekera bwino” m’tiyi wouma ndi masamba “ofewa aang’ono” ataphikidwa m’kufotokoza kwa chizindikiro zikusonyeza kuti zopangira zina ndi zofewa. Mulingo wa kukolola sindinawupeze.
* **Nthawi yokolola:** Palibe zolembedwa m’magwero omwe tapeza.

**4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe Ake a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumadzulo kwa Yunnan, pafupi ndi mapiri a Gaoligongshan (高黎贡山). Malinga ndi boma la Tengchong, kumadzulo boma limakhala ndi malire a Myanmar; malire ndi makilomita 150.
* **Nyengo ndi dothi:** Tengchong imadziwika ndi maphiri a moto. Malinga ndi nkhani ya m’boma ya 2014, nyengo yakuno ndi yamkuntho yotentha, kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ndi 14.9 °C, mvula ndi 1400–1700 mm pachaka, ndipo tiyi amamera pamapiri a miyala ya moto, pa dothi lachonde la phulusa la moto. Izi ndi kufotokoza kwa boma, osati zofunika za chizindikiro.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Kwa dera la chizindikiro palibe zolembedwa. Malinga ndi nkhani ya m’boma ya 2014, kutalika ku Tengchong kumachokera 930 mpaka 3780 m.
* **Kuyandikana ndi pu-erh:** Malinga ndi chowonjezera A cha muyeso wa dziko GB/T 22111-2008, m’dera lotetezedwa la pu-erh muli matauni ndi mizinda ya boma la Tengchong panthawiyo — mwa ena Tengyue, Gudong ndi Diantan, omwewo omwe atchulidwa m’dera la chizindikirochi.

**5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:**

Ukadaulo wa tiyi ameneyu ndi magawo ake palibe m’magwero omwe tapeza. Tiyi wakuda nthawi zambiri amapangidwa motere:

1.  **Kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
2.  **Kupotoza masamba (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
3.  **Kuyanika zopangira zoyamba** — kwa tiyi wa Yunnan wamasamba akuluakulu nthawi zambiri padzuwa ([晒青](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shai-qing), *shàiqīng*).
4.  **Kuwunjika mwachinyezi ([渥堆](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wodui), *wòduī*):** Zopangira zimanyowetsedwa ndikusungidwa m’milu; chifukwa cha tizilombo masamba amasintha mtundu, kukoma kumafewetsedwa.
5.  **Kuyanika, ngati kuli kofunikira kupondereza.**

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika ya gululi, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa Tengchong Heicha.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona:**

Mawonekedwe — malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikiro mu nkhokwe yophatikiza ya zizindikiro za malo.

* **Mawonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Olumikizana kwambiri (紧结), olingana, okhala ndi nsonga zowonekera (显毫), oyera.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe zofotokoza m’magwero omwe tapeza.
* **Fungo la madzi a tiyi:** Lokhuthala la “kukalamba” (陈香浓郁).
* **Kukoma:** Kokhazikika ndi kofewa (浓醇).
* **Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi:** Kufotokoza kumatchedwa “mtundu” (色泽) wofiira kwambiri wowala kapena chabe wofiira kwambiri (红浓明亮或红浓). M’ndandandawu uli pakati pa kukoma ndi masamba ataphikidwa, pamalo a mtundu wa madzi a tiyi, koma kaya ndi madzi a tiyi kapena masamba owuma, malemba sakunena mwachindunji.
* **Masamba ataphikidwa:** Ofiira abulauni (褐红), aang’ono ofewa kapena anjiro ofewa, ofewa, owala bwino.

**7. Zomwe Zili M’tiyi:**

Palibe zolembedwa zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala m’magwero omwe tapeza.

**8. Ubwino Wake:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Njira yodziwika ya gululi la tiyi wakuda.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 5–7 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Mbiya yadothi kapena gaiwan.
* **Ndondomeko:** Tenthetsa zida, tsuka tiyi mwachidule; zipatso zoyamba — masekondi 10–20, kenako nthawi yotalikirapo ndikutsanulira kulikonse. Tiyi wakuda amatha kutsanulidwa nthawi zambiri.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira yodziwika ya gululi. Pamalo owuma opumira mpweya popanda dzuwa lachindunji ndi fungo lina, pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Tiyi wakuda nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kuti ukale, koma za kusungitsa tiyi ameneyu palibe zolembedwa.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:**

Palibe zolembedwa za mitengo m’magwero omwe tapeza.

* **Mmene mungapewere zonama:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha malo “腾冲黑茶”; malinga ndi nkhokwe yophatikiza ya zizindikiro za malo, nambala yake ndi 17259279.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku Tengchong, — malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa dera, wochokera ku umodzi mwa matauni ndi mizinda yake 18.
    * Musasokoneze chizindikirochi ndi pu-erh: pu-erh ili ndi dongosolo lake lachitetezo ndi muyeso wake wadziko.
    * Kumbukirani kuti gulu lirilonse la mndandandawu liri ndi chizindikiro chake.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* M’mafotokozedwe a madera a zizindikiro za mndandanda wa Tengchong, Tengchong akadatchulidwa ngati boma (腾冲县), osati mzinda wa boma: mzinda wa boma udakhala pambuyo pake.
* Mu tebulo la muyeso wa pu-erh wa 2008, boma la Tengchong linalembedwa ndi matauni ndi mizinda 17, pamene kufotokoza kwa dera la chizindikiro cha tiyi wakuda kuli ndi 18.
* Pu-erh ku Tengchong amapangabe lero: malinga ndi yankho la ofesi yoyang’anira zaulimi (2024), mu 2023 boma linkathandiza makampani omwe anawonjezera kupanga tiyi wobiriwira ndi pu-erh.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena Wakuda:**

* **Pu-erh Shu Cha ([普洱熟茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/pu-er-shucha)):** Tiyi wakuda wa Yunnan wofufuzidwa pambuyo pake pansi pa dongosolo lake lachitetezo; boma la Tengchong lili m’dera lake.
* **Hei Cha (黑茶):** Ndemanga ya gulu la tiyi wakuda.
* **Liu Bao Cha ([六堡茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/liu-bao-cha)):** Tiyi wakuda wa Guangxi — sukulu ina ya tiyi wakuda.
* **Qionglai Heicha ([邛崃黑茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qionglai-heicha)):** Tiyi wakuda wa Sichuan wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo — nayenso “heicha” ndi dzina la malo.
* **Tengchong Hongcha ([腾冲红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tengchong-hongcha)):** Chizindikiro choyandikana nacho cha mndandanda womwewo — tiyi wofiira.

**Pomaliza:**

Tengchong Heicha ndi chizindikiro chodabwitsa kwambiri mwa zisanu za Tengchong. Kufotokoza kumalonjeza tiyi wofufuzidwa pambuyo pake wokhala ndi fungo la “kukalamba”, mtundu wofiira kwambiri ndi masamba ofiira abulauni, dera linalembedwa ngati mndandanda wa matauni, ndipo nambala ya chizindikiro imadziwika. Koma ukadaulo ndi malamulo magwero omwe tapeza sakutanthauza, ndipo chachikulu chimakhalabe chosayankhidwa: kodi “heicha” ya Tengchong imasiyana bwanji ndi pu-erh, yomwe imalowetsedwa m’dera la boma lomwelo.