---
title: "Sōngxī jiǔlóng dàbáichá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/songxi-jiulong-dabaicha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Sōngxī jiǔlóng dàbáichá (松溪九龙大白茶)

**Songxi Jiulong Dabaicha** (*Sōngxī jiǔlóng dàbáichá*, 松溪九龙大白茶) ndi tiyi woyera wa m’chigawo cha Songxi (松溪县) m’boma la Nanping kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Fujian, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa komweko wa 九龙大白茶. Chitsamba choyambirira cha mtunduwu chinapezeka mu 1868 pa mzere wa Jiulonggang pafupi ndi mudzi wa Shuangyuan; kuchokera mmenemo chigawocho chinatulutsa mtundu wa kloonal, wovomerezedwa ngati wapamwamba wa chigawo mu 1998. Mtunduwu umapereka masamba akulu a mnofu okhala ndi ubweya woyera, ndipo mu kafukufuku woyerekeza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya tiyi woyera iwo unasonyeza katekini ndi teanini zochuluka kuposa zonse. Kuyambira 2022 dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical, cholembedwa pa katundu wa "tiyi woyera".

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi woyera (白茶, *báichá*). Gulu lakhazikitsidwa ndi chikalata: chizindikiro cholembedwa pa katundu «白茶».
* **Msampha wa dzina:** «Dabai» (*dàbái*, «choyera chachikulu») mu dzinali ndi dzina la mtundu, osati gulu: amatcha choncho tchire lamasamba akulu lokhala ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka. Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa tiyi wina; chigawocho chili ndi zizindikiro zosiyana pa tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira.
* **Gulu lina:** Tiyi woyera wa mtundu umodzi wa komweko; chizindikiro cha geographical (2022).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), boma la Nanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), chigawo cha Songxi (松溪县, *Sōngxī xiàn*); kwawo kwa mtundu ndi tawuni ya Zhengdun (郑墩镇).
* **Dera:** Mndandanda wa chigawo umatchula chigawo cha Songxi ngati mwini wa chizindikiro; malire alamulo a dera sindinawafufuze.
* **Njira yotetezera:** Chizindikiro cha geographical certification kapena collective CNIPA № 60909447, katundu ndi tiyi woyera. Mu mndandanda wa pa 30 Juni 2026 kalembetsedwe kakugwira ntchito.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** Muzolemba za chizindikiro sanatchulidwe.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **1868.** M’chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha Tongzhi pa mzere wa Jiulonggang (九龙岗) pafupi ndi mudzi wa Shuangyuan (双源村) anapeza chitsamba choyambirira; anthu amachitcha "tiyi wa zinjoka zisanu ndi zinayi" (九龙茶). Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya chigawo ya 2023, chitsambacho chili ndi zaka zoposa 150.
    * **1965 ndi 1981.** Chigawocho chinasankha matsamba abwino kwambiri; mu 1981 mtundu unatchedwa "九龙大白茶".
    * **1998.** Komiti ya chigawo yowona za mitundu ya mbewu zaulimi inauvomereza ngati mtundu wapamwamba wa chigawo.
    * **2009.** Mtundu unalembedwa m’kaundula wa chigawo wa chuma cha majini; pa Jiulonggang, mu tawuni ya Zhengdun, kunakhazikitsidwa malo otetezera a chigawo.
    * **2019.** Chigawo chinalandira udindo wa "Kwawo kwa China kwa Jiulong Dabaicha" (中国九龙大白茶之乡).
    * **2022.** Chizindikiro cha geographical "松溪九龙大白茶" № 60909447 chinalembetsedwa pa katundu wa "tiyi woyera".
* **Dzina:**
    * «Songxi» (松溪) ndi dzina la chigawo.
    * «Jiulong» (九龙) ndi «zinjoka zisanu ndi zinayi», kutengera mzere wa Jiulonggang, kumene anapeza chitsamba choyambirira.
    * «Dabaicha» (大白茶, *dàbáichá*) ndi «tiyi woyera wachikulu», mtundu wa mitundu yamasamba akulu okhala ndi ubweya woyera.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Ndi mtunduwu kukula kwa tiyi woyera mu Songxi kukugwirizana: malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya chigawo, kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2022 malo olimapo anakula kuchokera pa 1000 mpaka 12 000 mu, ndipo chiwerengero cha opanga chinakula kuchokera pochepera khumi mpaka kupitirira zana.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Chiyambi cha mtundu:** Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa mtundu, unatulutsidwa ndi siteshoni ya chigawo yoyang'anira ulimi wa tiyi posankha chitsamba chimodzi kuchokera ku mbewu za komweko; mtundu weniweni ndi wa kloonal.
* **Mtundu wa tchire:** Theka la mtengo (小[乔木](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu)型), masamba akulu (大叶类), nthawi yoyamba (早芽种).
* **Mphukira:** Masamba ndi akulu, masamba a m’kati ndi a mnofu komanso olimba, ubweya ndi woyera kwambiri (叶片硕大、毫心肥壮、茸毛洁白); masamba amatuluka msanga, ubweya woyera ndi wochuluka.
* **Zopangira:** Masamba a m’kati ndi mphukira zachifundo; nyuzipepala imatchula pakati pa malonda singano zasiliva ([白毫银针](https://thetea.app/ny/article/baihao-yinzhen)) ndi mudan (牡丹). Mulingo wa kusonkhanitsa wa chizindikiro sunapezeke m’mabuku.
* **Nthawi yosonkhanitsa:** Masiku enieni m’mabuku opezeka palibe; mtundu ndi woyamba.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumpoto kwa Fujian, chigawo cha Songxi m’boma la Nanping. Chitsamba choyambirira chimamera pa mzere wa Jiulonggang pafupi ndi mudzi wa Shuangyuan mu tawuni ya Zhengdun, mkati mwa malo otetezera a chuma cha majini.
* **Kutalika, dothi, nyengo:** Zolemba za dera la chizindikiro m’mabuku opezeka palibe.
* **Makhalidwe:** Kulumikizana kwa maonekedwe a tiyi ndi malo, osati ndi mtundu, mabuku opezeka sakukambirana; mafotokozedwe amatsindika mtundu, masamba akulu a ubweya oyera a nthawi yoyamba.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Nyuzipepala ya chigawo imatchula ntchito zazikulu za tiyi woyera kukhala kufowoketsa ndi kuyanika. Ukadaulo wapadera wa chizindikiro m’mabuku opezeka palibe. Dongosolo lalikulu la gulu la woyera ndi ili:

1.  **Kufowoketsa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Kwa nthawi yayitali, panja kapena m’nyumba; tsamba limataya chinyezi pang'onopang'ono, makutidwe ndi okosijeni amachitika okha, popanda kukhazikitsa.
2.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*):** Kumatsimikizira zotsatira.

Kupiringiza ndi kukhazikitsa mu tiyi woyera kulibe. Ichi ndi dongosolo lalikulu la gulu, osati kufotokoza ukadaulo wa chizindikiro ichi; magawo m’mabuku opezeka palibe.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokoza kuli pansipa kunaperekedwa m’nkhani ya magazini ya "Sayansi ya Zakudya" (食品科学, 2025) kwa chitsanzo cha tiyi woyera wa mtundu wa 九龙大白茶, awa ndi zolemba za kafukufuku, osati zofuna za chizindikiro.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Masamba a m’kati ndi a mnofu kwambiri komanso olimba, okhala ndi ubweya wowoneka; mtundu ndi wotuwa-wobiriwira, wamoyo (芽头尤为肥壮、显毫；色泽灰绿润).
* **Funiro la tsamba louma:** Mafotokozedwe m’mabuku opezeka palibe.
* **Funiro la madzi:** Latsopano ndi lofewa, lokhala ndi funiro la maluwa lodziwika bwino ndi funiro la ubweya (香气鲜嫩，花香、毫香显).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsekemera ndi kosangalatsa, kokhala ndi funiro la maluwa ndi "kukoma kwa ubweya" kokwanira (滋味鲜醇甘爽、花香、毫韵足).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wachikasu wa apurikoti, wowala (杏黄明亮).
* **Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa):** Lofewa, lachifundo, lowala (叶底软嫩明).

Nyuzipepala ya chigawo imafotokoza mtundu monga kuphatikiza kutsitsimuka kwa tiyi woyera wa Fuding ndi kukwanira kwa kumpoto kwa Fujian.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Zolemba za kafukufuku yemweyo: anayerekeza tiyi woyera wa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi, 九龙大白茶, [福安](https://thetea.app/ny/article/fuan)大白茶, 福云6号, 政和大白茶, 福鼎大白茶 ndi wakomweko 松溪菜茶. Wa 九龙大白茶 unali ndi zochuluka kuposa zonse:

| Chizindikiro | Kuchuluka |
| :--- | :--- |
| Katekini zonse | 102,52 mg/g |
| Katekini za ester | 96,31 mg/g |
| Epigallocatechin gallate | 71,29 mg/g |
| Theanine | 11,00 mg/g |
| Glutamic acid | 0,68 mg/g |
| Arginine | 1,07 mg/g |

Mu funiro lake pali zochuluka kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina za 2-phenylethanol yokhala ndi funiro la rozi ndi cis-3-hexenol. Nyuzipepala ya chigawo imapereka kuchuluka kwapakati kwa amino asidi 4,7 % ndipo imalemba kuti izi ndi 18 % pamwamba kuposa tiyi woyera wamba; kofeini ndi polyphenol, malinga ndi zolemba zake, ndi zochuluka ndi 6 % ndi 3 %. Izi ndi zolemba za atolankhani, osati zizindikiro za mulingo.

**8. Ubwino pa Thupi:**

Zolemba zotsimikizika za mmene tiyi ameneyu amachitira palibe.

**9. Kaphikidwe:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi woyera.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 85–90 °C pa masamba a m’kati ndi tsamba lachifundo.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–5 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan, galasi lagalasi kapena m’bale wa tiyi.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa chida.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi.
    3. Madzi oyamba ndi mphindi 1–2 mu gaiwan.
    4. Nthawi iliyonse yotsanulira wonjezerani nthawi.
    5. Madzi anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Motsekedwa bwino, pamalo owuma ozizira amdima, popanda funiro lachilendo. Nyuzipepala imagwirizanitsa ndi mtundu uwu mchitidwe womwa tiyi woyera wachinyamata, "popanda kusungitsa".

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya chigawo, kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2022 mtengo wa tsamba latsopano unakwera kuchokera pa 50–60 mpaka 180–200 yuan pa jin, singano zasiliva kuchokera pa 500 mpaka 10 000 yuan pa jin, mudan kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 3500 yuan pa jin. Izi ndi ziwerengero za buku limodzi, osati buku la msika.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro № 60909447 ndi wopanga wochokera ku chigawo cha Songxi.
    * Pansi pa chizindikiro ndi tiyi woyera; tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira wa Songxi amatuluka pansi pa zizindikiro zina.
    * Masamba a m’kati ndi akulu ndi a mnofu, okhala ndi ubweya woyera wochuluka; madzi ndi achikasu a apurikoti.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Chitsamba choyambirira cha mtundu, chomwe chinapezeka mu 1868 pa mzere wa Jiulonggang, malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya 2023 chikadali chamoyo, ndipo chili ndi zaka zoposa 150.
* Dzina la mtundu linaperekedwa kokha mu 1981, pakadutsa zaka 113 kuchokera pamene chinapezeka.
* Poyerekeza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya tiyi woyera, 九龙大白茶 unasonyeza katekini ndi teanini zochuluka kuposa zonse.
* Chigawo cha Songxi chili ndi zizindikiro zitatu za tiyi wamagulu osiyanasiyana, oyera, ofiira ndi obiriwira.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina woyera:**

* **Songxi Baicha ([松溪白茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/songxi-baicha)):** Nkhani ya corpus yonena za tiyi woyera wa chigawo chonse; Songxi Jiulong Dabaicha ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wa mtundu umodzi.
* **Baihao Yinzhen (白毫银针):** Singano zasiliva ndi imodzi mwa mitundu imene tiyi wa mtundu uwu amatulukira.
* **Bai Mudan ([白牡丹](https://thetea.app/ny/article/bai-mudan)):** Tsamba la m’kati ndi masamba; nyuzipepala imatchula mudan pakati pa malonda a Songxi.
* **Shuixian Bai ([水仙白](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shuixian-bai)):** Tiyi woyera wa Jianyang, nakonso kumpoto kwa Fujian, wa mtundu wina, shuixian.

**Pomaliza:**

Songxi Jiulong Dabaicha ndi tiyi woyera amene ali ndi chiyambi chenicheni: chitsamba choyambirira cha 1868 pa mzere wa Jiulonggang. Kuchokera mmenemo munatuluka mtundu woyamba wa masamba akulu okhala ndi tsamba la m’kati l a mnofu ndi ubweya, ndipo kafukufuku wa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi anapeza mmenemo katekini ndi teanini zochuluka kuposa zonse. Chizindikiro cha 2022 chinakhazikitsa dzina pa tiyi woyera wa chigawo cha Songxi.