---
title: "Sōngxī hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/songxi-hongcha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Sōngxī hóngchá (松溪红茶)

**Sungxi Hongcha** (*Sōngxī hóngchá*, 松溪红茶) ndi tiyi wofiira wa m’boma la Sungxi (松溪县) m’chigawo cha Nanping kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Fujian. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical nambala 10034709, ndipo dera lake malinga ndi zolembedwa ndi boma lonse la Sungxi. Kufotokoza kwa boma kumasonyeza masamba opindika olimba ndi ochepa kwambiri okhala ndi ubweya wagolide, madzi ofiira ndi achikasu okhala ndi “mphete yagolide” m’mphepete, ndi fungo lokoma ndi kachingwe kakang’ono kamaluwa. Dzinali lili m’ndandanda wachiwiri wa mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union pa zizindikiro za geographical.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*), wothira fermentation yokwanira. Gululi likutchulidwa m’dzina lenilenilo la chizindikiro — «松溪红茶 SONGXI BLACK TEA». Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya «Minbei Ribao» (2012), “Jinmaohou” (金毛猴, *jīnmáohóu*) wa m’derali ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yakale ya tiyi wofiira wa gongfu (工夫红茶, *gōngfu hóngchá*).
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wofiira wa ku Fujian wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), mzinda wa Nanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), boma la Sungxi (松溪县, *Sōngxī xiàn*).
* **Dera:** Malinga ndi tsamba la boma la zizindikiro za geographical, ndi boma lonse la Sungxi, matauni asanu ndi anayi ndi mipingo, monga Songyuan (松源镇), Weitian (渭田镇) ndi Zhengdun (郑墩镇). Sindinayerekeze malire awa ndi chikalata cha chizindikiro.
* **Njira yotetezera:** Chizindikiro cha geographical certification kapena collective cha State Intellectual Property Office ku China (CNIPA) nambala 10034709, malonda ndi tiyi. M’ndandanda wa chigawo pa 30 June 2026, chiphaso chimawoneka kuti chikugwira ntchito. Mwini wa chizindikiro sanatchulidwe m’magwero omwe ndapeza.
* **Malo a geographical:** Boma la Sungxi pafupifupi 27.5° N ndi 118.8° E.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Zaka za m’ma 1920 — “Jinmaohou”.** Malinga ndi «Minbei Ribao», pamene malonda pakati pa China ndi Russia anayambiranso ndipo njira ya tiyi inatsegulidwa kuchokera ku Chishi (赤石) mpaka ku Kyakhta, Sungxi, potengera chitsanzo cha tiyi woyera wotchuka wa “Baimaohou” ([白毛猴](https://thetea.app/ny/article/bai-mao-hou), “nyani woyera”), anayamba kusankha gongfu hongcha wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi nsonga zagolide zambiri ndi kumutulutsa pansi pa dzina la “Jinmaohou” — “nyani wagolide”. Sipanapezeke deti lakale la tiyi wofiira ku Sungxi m’magwero omwe ndapeza.
    * **1934 ndi 1960–1975.** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, mu 1934 “Jinmaohou” ndi “Baimaohou” anali okwera mtengo kuposa tiyi onse a m’boma, ndipo mu 1960–1975 “Jinmaohou” anali mtundu waukulu wa gongfu hongcha wotumizidwa kunja.
    * **Zaka za m’ma 1980 — “boma la woyamba”.** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya «Fujian Ribao» (2023), zokolola ndi ubwino wa tiyi wa ku Sungxi zinali zina mwa zabwino kwambiri m’chigawo, ndipo boma linatchedwa «茶叶状元县» (*cháyè zhuàngyuán xiàn*) — “boma la woyamba pa tiyi”. Izi ndi za tiyi wa m’boma lonse, osati wa wofiira wokha.
    * **1998.** Malinga ndi «Minbei Ribao», “Jinmaohou” pa chiwonetsero cha tiyi ku Hangzhou analandira dzina la “mlingo wapadziko lonse wotsogola” (国际先进水平).
    * **2010.** Mphotho yagolide pa World Expo ku Shanghai. Tsamba la boma la zizindikiro za geographical limatchula “松溪红茶”, pamene «Minbei Ribao» limatchula “Jinmaohou”.
    * **Chizindikiro.** Deti lolembera chizindikiro nambala 10034709 silinatchulidwe m’magwero omwe ndapeza.
    * **2020.** Malinga ndi malemba a mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union pa zizindikiro za geographical, osainidwa pa 14 September 2020, dzinali lili mu Annex V — mwa mayina 175 achi China omwe chitetezo chawo chinalonjezedwa kuti chiyambika mkati mwa zaka zinayi pambuyo pa kugwira ntchito kwa mgwirizano. Malinga ndi kaundula wa mu 2022, chitetezo ku European Union chinali chikuyembekezera; udindo wamakono sunadziwike. Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma, [松溪绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/songxi-lucha), ali m’ndandanda woyamba — mu Annex III.
* **Dzina:** “Sungxi” (松溪) ndi dzina la boma: 松 — “paini”, 溪 — “kamtsinje”. “Hongcha” (红茶) — “tiyi wofiira”. Mu Chingelezi cha chizindikiro amatchedwa “black”, monga tiyi wofiira amatchulidwira Kumadzulo.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Boma lili ndi zizindikiro zitatu za tiyi wa magulu atatu: wofiira Sungxi Hongcha, wobiriwira 松溪绿茶 ndi woyera [松溪九龙大白茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/songxi-jiulong-dabaicha). Malinga ndi nkhani pa tsamba la boma la chigawo (2025), kuyambira 2013 mtundu waukulu wa boma wakhala tiyi woyera wochokera ku cultivar ya 九龙大白茶.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Cultivar:** Mitundu ya tiyi wofiira sinatchulidwe m’magwero omwe ndapeza. «Minbei Ribao» imachokera “Jinmaohou” ku zitsamba zakale za m’deralo (古代原生茶树品种), osatchula mtundu. Cultivar yayikulu ya boma ndi 九龙大白茶 (*jiǔlóng dàbáichá*), malinga ndi nkhani ya 2025 yoposa 20,000 mu; ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tiyi wofiira, magwero sakunena.
* **Zopangira:** Palibe zofunikira za masamba atsopano m’magwero omwe ndapeza. Kufotokoza kwa boma kumatchula nsonga zowonekera za mphukira (苗锋显) ndi masamba otsegulidwa m’madzi.
* **Standard ndi nthawi yokolola:** Palibe deti m’magwero omwe ndapeza.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Fujian, boma la Sungxi m’chigawo cha Nanping.
* **Malo a minda ya tiyi m’boma:** Malinga ndi «Fujian Ribao», m’chaka cha 2023 — 80,000 mu; kupanga tiyi wosaphika (毛茶, *máochá*) mu 2022 — 12,500 t. Izi ndi za tiyi wa magulu onse.
* **Kutalika, nyengo, dothi:** Palibe deti m’magwero omwe ndapeza.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Palibe chikalata cha zofunikira za ukadaulo ndi magawo m’magwero omwe ndapeza. Malinga ndi «Minbei Ribao», “Jinmaohou” ankasankhidwa kuchokera ku gongfu hongcha wokonzedwa wokhala ndi nsonga zagolide zambiri; mu 1997 standard ya kampani inakhazikitsidwa, koma nyuzipepala sinapereke zofunikira zake.

Pansipa pali ndondomeko yodziwika ya tiyi wofiira wa gongfu, osati kufotokoza ukadaulo wa tiyi weniweni uyu:

1.  **Kufota (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).**
2.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
3.  **Fermentation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Okisijeni imapangitsa masamba kukhala ofiira amkuwa.
4.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*).**
5.  **Kukonza (精制, *jīngzhì*):** Kusankha malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Pansipa pali kufotokoza kwa tsamba la boma la zizindikiro za geographical. Sikunayerekezedwe ndi chikalata cha chizindikiro.

* **Mawonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Masamba opindika olimba ndi ochepa kwambiri, opindika pang’ono, nsonga zowonekera; mtundu wakuda ndi kuwala, ubweya wagolide wambiri, nsonga zagolide zachikasu (条索紧细略带弯曲，苗锋显，色泽乌润多显金色茸毫).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe ndapeza.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Lalitali, lokoma “fungo la masamba achinyamata”, lolemera, ndi kachingwe kosawoneka bwino ka 紫罗兰 (香气悠长……嫩甜香，浓郁芳香、隐约间带紫罗兰香气). Mu botany 紫罗兰 ndi levkoy, koma m’malemba a tiyi mawuwa amatanthauzidwa kuti violet.
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano ndi kofewa, kokoma, ndi kubwerera kokoma (滋味鲜醇、甜和回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wofiira, wowala, ndi chikasu, ndi “mphete yagolide” yowonekera m’mphepete (汤色红艳透黄、明亮显金圈).
* **Masamba otsegulidwa:** Ofewa, ndi masamba otsegulidwa owonekera, amtundu wa mkuwa wofiira (叶底柔软见芽，呈紫铜色).

**7. Zomwe Zili mu Chemical:**

Palibe deti ya physicochemical m’magwero omwe ndapeza.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deti yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyi weniweni uyu.

**9. Kusakaniza:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–4 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaywan yoyera ya porcelain — m’menemo mumaoneka mtundu wa madzi ndi “mphete yagolide”.
* **Njira:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Kusakaniza koyamba — masekondi 10–20, thira madzi onse.
    4. Kusakaniza kulikonse kotsatira — kanthawi kochepa kokulirapo; kusakaniza kanayi kapena kasanu ndi chimodzi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, pa kutentha kwa chipinda, pamalo owuma ndi amdima, opanda fungo lachilendo. Fungo lokoma limachepa pakapita nthawi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:**

Palibe deti ya mitengo m’magwero omwe ndapeza. Tsamba la boma la zizindikiro za geographical, osatchula chaka, limalemba za pafupifupi mabizinesi 180 a m’boma omwe amapanga tiyi wofiira, kupanga koposa 3,000 t pachaka ndi malonda pafupifupi 150 miliyoni yuan.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonama:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical nambala 10034709 ndi wopanga wochokera m’boma la Sungxi.
    * Musasokoneze ndi tiyi woyera ndi wobiriwira wa boma: ali ndi zizindikiro zawo.
    * Yerekezani mawonekedwe ndi kufotokoza mu gawo 6.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Boma limodzi lili ndi tiyi atatu otetezedwa a magulu atatu.
* Dzina “nyani wagolide”, malinga ndi «Minbei Ribao», ndi kutchula tiyi woyera wa “Baimaohou”, “nyani woyera”. Dzinali limagawidwa ndi tiyi angapo: mu corpus yathu ndilo dzina la tiyi wofiira wa ku Hunan, pamene “nyani wagolide” wa ku Fujian nkhani ya corpus imamugwirizanitsa ndi Zhenghe Gongfu.
* Mu 2012 munthu wina anayesa kulembetsa chizindikiro «金毛猴»; boma, malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, linatsutsa ndikuyika chofuna chake — pa chizindikiro chamagulu «[金毛猴红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-mao-hou-hongcha)». Zotsatira za mkangano sizikupezeka m’magwero omwe ndapeza.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:**

* **Zhenghe Gongfu ([政和工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zhenghe-gongfu)):** Gongfu hongcha wa boma la Zhenghe m’chigawo chomwecho cha Nanping, umodzi mwa akulu atatu a gongfu ya Fujian; fungo lake limafotokozedwanso ngati la violet.
* **Tanyang Gongfu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Gongfu hongcha wochokera ku Fu’an, winanso wa “akulu atatu”.
* **Zhengshan Xiaozhong ([正山小种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong)):** Tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Tongmu ku Wuyishan, m’chigawo chomwecho cha Nanping.
* **Jin Mao Hou Hongcha (金毛猴红茶):** Tiyi wofiira wa ku Hunan wochokera ku Zhangjiajie; amangogwirizana ndi “Jinmaohou” wa ku Sungxi m’dzina lokha.
* **Sungxi Jiulong Dabaicha (松溪九龙大白茶):** Tiyi woyera wa boma lomwelo wokhala ndi chizindikiro chake.

**Pomaliza:**

Sungxi Hongcha ndi tiyi wofiira wa kumpoto kwa Fujian wokhala ndi chizindikiro nambala 10034709 pa boma lonse ndi malo m’ndandanda wachiwiri wa mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union. Nkhope yake ya mbiri ndi “Jinmaohou”, gongfu hongcha wokhala ndi nsonga zagolide, yemwe nyuzipepala ya m’deralo imamufikitsa ku zaka za m’ma 1920. Kufotokoza kwa boma — masamba opindika ochepa ndi ubweya wagolide, madzi ofiira ndi “mphete yagolide”, fungo lokoma ndi kachingwe ka maluwa. Cultivar, ukadaulo ndi chemistry za tiyi sizikuwululidwa ndi magwero.