---
title: "Shímén hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/shimen-hongcha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shímén hóngchá (石门红茶)

**Shimen Hongcha** (*Shímén hóngchá*, 石门红茶) ndi tiyi wofiira wa m’boma la Shimen (石门县) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Changde kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan, mkati mwa mapiri a Wulingshan. Bomali ndi likulu lakale la gawo la Hunan la dera lotchedwa 宜红 (*Yíhóng*): kumapeto kwa mzera wa Qing, wamalonda wa ku Guangdong dzina lake Lu Cilun anakhazikitsa kuno, m’tauni ya masiku ano ya Hupingshan, kampani ya tiyi ya “Taihehe” (泰和合), ndipo tiyi wake wofiira, malinga ndi mwambi woti “北祁南宜”, ankaikidwa pamodzi ndi tiyi wa Qimen. Masiku ano “石门红茶” ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu ziwiri za tiyi za m’bomali pambali pa tiyi wobiriwira wa Shimen Yin Feng. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication ndipo lili m’ndandanda wa zizindikiro za geographical indications za boma la Hunan za 2024. Musasokoneze ndi 宜红 wa ku Hubei: zizindikiro zoti “[宜都宜红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yidu-yihong-cha)” ndi “[宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yihong-gong-fu)茶” ndi za chigawo china.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*), wothira mokwanira. Gululi likutchulidwa m’dzina lomwe.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wofiira wa ku Hunan; chizindikiro cha geographical indication cha m’ndandanda wa chigawo cha 2024. Kafukufuku wodziwika amaika tiyi wofiira wa Shimen m’mbali ya 湘红 (*xiānghóng*) ya dera la Wuling (lomwe masiku ano ndi chigawo cha Changde), mosiyana ndi 湖红 wa Anhua.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), chigawo cha mzinda wa Changde (常德, *Chángdé*), boma la Shimen (石门县, *Shímén Xiàn*).
* **Dera:** Mndandanda wa chigawo umatchula Shimen ngati gawo loyang'anira la mwini chizindikiro. Dongosolo la zolemba za geographical indications limati dera lonse la boma leroli; sindinayerekeze ndi chikalata cha chizindikirocho.
* **Malamulo a chitetezo:** Chizindikiro cha geographical indication ndi cha certification kapena collective, mtundu wake sunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe tapeza. Dongosolo la zolemba limapereka nambala 34101143; mwini wake ndi chaka cha kulembetsa sindinapeze.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** “Hunan ribao” imaika boma pa “lamba wagolide wa tiyi” wa 30th parallel.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Kumapeto kwa Qing — “Taihehe”.** Malinga ndi nkhani ya “New Hunan” (2026), wamalonda wa ku Guangdong Lu Cilun (卢次伦) anakhazikitsa ku Hupingshan (壶瓶山) kampani ya tiyi ya “Taihehe”, ndipo 宜红茶 yake inali yofanana ndi ya Qimen — “北祁南宜”, “kumpoto Qimen, kumwera Yihong”, — ndipo, monga momwe nyuzipepala imalemba, kudzera pa “njira ya akavalo a tiyi” (茶马古道) inkapita ku Ulaya. Nyuzipepalayo sinatchule chaka chokhazikitsira kampaniyo.
    * **Mbali ya Hunan ya 宜红.** Dera la 宜红 linali mbali zonse za malire a Hunan ndi Hubei; tiyi wofiira wa Shimen ndi nthambi yake ya ku Hunan.
    * **2024.** “石门红茶” ili m’ndandanda wa zizindikiro za geographical collective ndi certification za boma la Hunan.
    * **2026.** “Hunan ribao” imatchula “[石门银峰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shimen-yin-feng)” ndi “石门红茶” ngati zizindikiro ziwiri za regional public za boma; nyuzipepala imayerekezera kutulutsa konse kwa ntchito ya tiyi ya boma pa 3.48 biliyoni yuan.
* **Dzina:**
    * “Shimen” (石门) ndi dzina la boma, tanthauzo lake “zipata za miyala”.
    * “Hongcha” (红茶, *hóngchá*) ndi “tiyi wofiira”.
    * “北祁南宜” ndi mwambi womwe umaika tiyi wofiira wa Yichang pambali ndi wa Qimen.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Boma liri ndi maudindo oti “kwawo kwa tiyi wodziwika wa China” ndi “kwawo kwa tiyi wa organic wa China” — monga momwe “Hunan ribao” imalemba. M’menemo mulinso phiri la Jiashan; malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, ndiye chiyambi cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi ndi Chan ndi mawu oti “茶禅一味” — “tiyi ndi Chan ndi kukoma kumodzi”. Uku ndi nkhani ya malo, osati kufotokoza kwa tiyi.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Pali tiyi wofiira pansi pa chizindikiro m’magwero omwe tapeza sanatchulidwe. Nyuzipepala imati m’tauni ya Ziliang (子良) mahekitala 6387 mu aminda ali ndi mitundu ya clones — Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白), Bi Xiang Zao (碧香早), Chuye Qi (槠叶齐) ndi ina; iyi ndi mitundu ya m’tauniyi pa tiyi yense, osati mitundu ya tiyi wofiira wokha.
* **Zopangira:** Dongosolo la zolemba limafotokoza tsamba louma lokhala ndi nsonga zokongola zathunthu (锋苗俊秀完整); mulingo wa kusonkha m’magwero omwe tapeza palibe.
* **Nthawi yosonkha:** Palibe mfundo m’magwero omwe tapeza.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

Malinga ndi nkhani ya “Hunan ribao” (2026):

* **Dera:** Mkati mwa mapiri a Wulingshan (武陵山) kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Hunan.
* **Kukula:** M’boma muli mahekitala oposa 180,000 a minda ya tiyi ndi matani 35,100 a tiyi wouma pachaka — malinga ndi nyuzipepala, pamitundu yonse pamodzi.
* **Utali wa mapiri:** Nyuzipepala imatchula malo ena a tiyi: malo okwera kwambiri a nkhalango ya Baiyunshan ndi 925 m, minda yake ya organic ili pa 800–880 m; Dongshanfeng nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 1200 m, kumeneko kumamera tiyi wobiriwira wa Dongshan Xiu Feng. Uta wa minda ya tiyi wofiira weniweni m’magwero omwe tapeza palibe.
* **Hupingshan:** Tauni ya kampani yakale ya “Taihehe” masiku ano ili ndi mahekitala 33,000 a minda ya tiyi.
* **Ziphaso:** M’chigawo cha Luoping mahekitala 13,000 a minda, malinga ndi nyuzipepala, ali ndi ziphaso za organic za European Union, fair trade ndi “Rainforest Alliance”.
* **Nyengo ndi dothi:** Palibe mfundo m’magwero omwe tapeza.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Sindinaone chikalata chofotokoza zofunikira za ukadaulo wa Shimen Hongcha. Pansipa pali ndondomeko ya jenerali ya gulu la tiyi wofiira wa gongfu, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa tiyi uyu:

1.  **Kufowoketsa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Tsamba limataya chinyezi china ndikukhala lofewa.
2.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Tsamba limapotozedwa kukhala zingwe, kuswa ma cell.
3.  **Kuthira (发酵, *fājiào*):** Kutsekemera komwe kumapangitsa tsamba kukhala lofiira.
4.  **Kuumitsa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Kumakhazikitsa zotsatira.

Maonekedwe malinga ndi dongosolo la zolemba ndi zingwe zopyapyala zolunjika zokhala ndi nsonga zathunthu — izi zikusonyeza tiyi wopotoza, osati woswa; palibe mfundo zina m’magwero omwe tapeza.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokoza pamwambapa kunaperekedwa ndi dongosolo la zolemba za geographical indications: 条索紧实细直，锋苗俊秀完整，色泽乌黑莹润，汤色红亮清澈、滋味香高味醇、内质花果芬香、叶底红明饱满、饮后齿颊留香，有回甘.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Zingwe zolimba zopyapyala zolunjika zokhala ndi nsonga zokongola zathunthu (条索紧实细直，锋苗俊秀完整), zakuda ndi zonyezimira (乌黑莹润).
* **Funso la tsamba louma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe tapeza.
* **Funso la madzi:** la maluwa ndi zipatso (花果芬香), lapamwamba; kukoma kwake kumakhala mkamwa (齿颊留香).
* **Kukoma:** kununkhira komanso kofewa (香高味醇), ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** wofiira, wowala ndi woonekera bwino (红亮清澈).
* **Tsamba la tiyi (pambuyo kuphika):** lofiira, lowala, lodzaza (红明饱满).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Palibe mfundo za physico-chemical m’magwero omwe tapeza.

**8. Phindu Lathanzi:**

Palibe mfundo zotsimikizika za zotsatira za tiyi uyu mwini.

**9. Kuphika:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–5 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chombo:** Gaiwan yoyera ya porcelain kapena teapot — m’menemo mungawone mtundu wa madzi.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa chombo.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Nyowetsani tsamba mwachidule ndi madzi otentha ndikutsanulira.
    4. Kudzaza koyamba — masekondi 15–30 mu gaiwan.
    5. Tsanulirani kwathunthu.
    6. Kudzazanso kanayi kapena kasanu ndikuwonjezera masekondi 10–15.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. M’katundu wolimba, pamalo ouma ozizira amdima, popanda funso lachilendo. Firiji siyofunikira.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe mfundo za mitengo m’magwero omwe tapeza.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Yang'anani pa phukusi chizindikiro cha geographical indication cha “石门红茶”.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa m’boma la Shimen.
    * Musasokoneze ndi zizindikiro za ku Hubei zoti “宜都宜红茶” ndi “宜红[工夫茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/gongfu-cha)”: izi ndi maina ena a chigawo china.
    * Tsamba ndi zingwe zopyapyala zolunjika zakuda zokhala ndi nsonga zathunthu, madzi ndi ofiira ndi owonekera.

**12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:**

* Shimen alinso m’dera la dzina lachigawo la [常德红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/changde-hongcha) — la pakati pa maboma, ndi mndandanda wa maina a madera a maboma atatu, — pamene chizindikiro cha boma, malinga ndi dongosolo la zolemba, dera lake ndi boma lonse.
* Tiyi wofiira wakale wa Shimen ankagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la 宜红 — mwa dzina la dera la Hubei, ndipo masiku ano zizindikiro za ku Hubei pa 宜红 ndi za bungwe la Yidu.
* M’boma muli zizindikiro zazikulu ziwiri za tiyi — yofiira ndi yobiriwira, ndipo nyuzipepala imawerengera kutulutsa kwake pamodzi.
* Kampani ya “Taihehe” inali ku Hupingshan — tauni ya m’mapiri, komwe masiku ano kuli mahekitala 33,000 a minda ya tiyi.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena:**

* **Yihong Gongfu (宜红工夫):** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa ku Hubei wa dera lomwelo la mbiri; wa Shimen ndi nthambi yake ya ku Hunan.
* **Changde Hongcha (常德红茶):** Dzina lachigawo loposa madera a maboma a Shimen, Linli ndi Lixian — mulingo wina wa chitetezo pa malo omwewo.
* **Qimen Hong Cha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa ku Anhui, womwe Shimen 宜红 ankaikidwa naye pambali — “北祁南宜”.
* **Anhua Hongcha ([安化红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/anhua-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa m’boma la Anhua — mzere wa 湖红, mosiyana ndi 湘红 wa dera la Wuling.
* **Shimen Yin Feng (石门银峰):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma lomwelo, chizindikiro chake chachiwiri chachikulu.

**Pomaliza:**

Shimen Hongcha ndi chizindikiro cha boma cha tiyi wofiira, chochokera ku nthambi ya ku Hunan ya 宜红 wakale: kampani ya “Taihehe” ku Hupingshan, mwambi woti “北祁南宜” ndi njira yopita ku Ulaya. Zolemba za chizindikiro chenicheni zapezeka zochepa — nambala yochokera ku dongosolo la zolemba ndi mzere wa mndandanda wa chigawo. Maonekedwe, malinga ndi dongosolo la zolemba, ndi zingwe zopyapyala zolunjika zakuda, madzi ofiira owonekera, funso la maluwa ndi zipatso ndi kubwerera kotsekemera.