---
title: "Shāxiàn gōngfu chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/shaxian-gongfu-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Shāxiàn gōngfu chá (沙县工夫茶)

**Shaxian Gongfu Cha** (*Shāxiàn gōngfu chá*, 沙县[工夫茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/gongfu-cha)) ndi tiyi wofiira wa m'chigawo cha Shaxian (沙县区) m'mzinda wa Sanming, m'chigawo cha Fujian. Kalozera wa nsanja ya zizindikiro za malo amamufotokoza ngati tiyi wofiira wa masamba aang'ono (小[叶种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu)红茶) ndipo amalongosola zopota zowonda, zolunjika za mtundu wakuda wonyezimira ngati mafuta, madzi ofiira owala ndi m'mphepete mwagolide ndi kukoma "kokhuthala, kotsekemera, kofewa", ndi fungo la uchi. Kuyambira 2021, dzinali latetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya malo. Mwiniwake ndi yemweyo monga waulongwe Shaxian Hongbian Cha, amene chizindikiro chake chinabwera kale, bungwe la tiyi la Xiamao m'chigawo cha Shaxian.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*), wothira kwathunthu. M'ndandanda wa chigawo wa katundu wa chizindikiro amalembedwa ngati "红茶"; kalozera wa nsanja amatsimikizira kuti ndi tiyi wofiira wa masamba aang'ono.
* **Msampha wa dzina:** "工夫茶" m'dzinali si njira yopangira tiyi yotchedwa gongfu cha, koma dzina la gulu la tiyi wofiira wopangidwa mwaluso. Muyezo wa dziko GB/T 13738.2-2017 umatchula gululi chimodzimodzi "工夫红茶", m'Chingerezi Congou black tea.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa ku Fujian wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya malo (2021).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), mzinda wa Sanming (三明, *Sānmíng*), chigawo cha Shaxian (沙县, *Shāxiàn*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Malinga ndi kalozera wa nsanja, ndi gawo lomwe lili pano la Shaxian. M'ndandanda wa chigawo amatchula Shaxian monga kukhala kwa mwini chizindikiro.
* **Dongosolo la chitetezo:** Chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya malo cha bungwe la dziko la China la chidziwitso (CNIPA) No. 50240050, gulu 30, katundu ndi tiyi wofiira. Tsiku lolembedwa malinga ndi m'ndandanda wa chigawo ndi 7 December 2021; mwiniwake ndi bungwe la tiyi la Xiamao m'chigawo cha Shaxian (沙县夏茂茶叶协会). Pa 30 June 2026, cholembedwacho chikuoneka kuti chikugwira ntchito.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Xiaozhong wakunja.** Wikipedia yaku China m'nkhani ya tiyi wofiira amatchula Shaxian pamodzi ndi Zhenghe, Tanyang ndi Gutian ngati madera akulu a "xiaozhong wakunja" (外山小种, *wàishān xiǎozhǒng*), tiyi wofiira wa mtundu wa xiaozhong wopangidwa kunja kwa dera la Tongmu ku Wuyishan. Mzere womwewu ulibe tsiku kapena gwero loyambirira.
    * **2015.** Malinga ndi m'ndandanda wa chigawo, chizindikiro choyamba cha tiyi cha m'chigawocha chinali chaulongwe Shaxian Hongbian Cha: chizindikiro No. 13908849 chinalembedwa 28 February 2015.
    * **2021.** Pa 7 December chizindikiro "沙县工夫茶" chinalembedwa, kwa bungwe lomwelo ndi adiresi yomweyo, ku fakitale ya tiyi ya Xiamao.
    * Pamene ku Shaxian anayamba kupanga tiyi wofiira wa gongfu, sizikunenedwa m'magwero omwe anapezeka.
* **Dzina:**
    * "Shaxian" (沙县) kwenikweni ndi "boma la mchenga"; tsopano ndi gawo la Sanming (沙县区).
    * "Gongfu" (工夫, *gōngfu*) ndi "ntchito, kupanga mwaluso": m'menemo ku China amatchula tiyi wofiira wopangidwa mwaluso.
    * "Cha" (茶) ndi "tiyi".
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Mwini chizindikiro amalembedwa m'tauni ya Xiamao (夏茂镇). Tsamba la chigawo lonena za tauniyo limatchula tiyi ndi mbewu za zipatso ndi ndiwo ngati mafakitale apadera omwe akungoyamba kumene; mwa tiyi a kumaloko omwe ali ndi chizindikiro amatchula kokha hongbian, za tiyi wofiira sakunena. Palibe zina zonena za malo a tiyiyu m'chikhalidwe cha kumaloko m'magwero omwe anapezeka.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Kalozera wa nsanja amangonena za mitundu ya masamba aang'ono (小叶种). Mitundu yeniyeni sinatchulidwe m'magwero omwe anapezeka.
* **Zopangira:** Kalozera amati kusankha zopangira kumachitidwa mosamala (选料精细), popanda tsatanetsatane.
* **Muyezo wa kuthyola:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe anapezeka.
* **Nthawi yothyola:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe anapezeka.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Chigawo cha Fujian, mzinda wa Sanming. Dera la tauni ya Xiamao, malinga ndi tsamba la chigawo, ndi 248 km².
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe anapezeka.
* **Nyengo ndi dothi:** Palibe deta m'magwero omwe anapezeka.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Kalozera wa nsanja amati kupanga kumachitidwa mosamala (做工考究), koma sakufotokoza masitepe kapena magawo; sindinaone chikalata cha ukadaulo wa tiyiyu.

Ndondomeko yodziwika ya tiyi wofiira wa gongfu malinga ndi muyezo wa dziko GB/T 13738.2-2017 ndi ndondomeko ya gulu, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa ku Shaxian:

1.  **Kufowoketsa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Tsamba limataya madzi ena ndipo limakhala lofewa.
2.  **Kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Maselo a tsamba amasweka, madzi amatuluka pamwamba.
3.  **Kuthira (发酵, *fājiào*):** Makutidwe ndi okosijeni omwe amapatsa mtundu wofiira wa madzi ndi pansi.
4.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*).**
5.  **Kusankha ndi kukonza (精制, *jīngzhì*):** Tiyi amagawidwa m'magulu ndi mitundu.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Kufotokoza kumene kuli pansipa kunaperekedwa ndi kalozera wa nsanja ya zizindikiro za malo. Sindingayerekeze ndi chikalata cha chizindikiro.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Zopota nzolimba ndi zowonda, zokongola, zolunjika ndi zofanana (条索紧细苗秀，挺直匀齐); mtundu wakuda, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (乌润油亮).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** M'kufotokoza kwa tiyi womalizidwa, asanathire, ndi loyera, latsopano, lalitali ndi lokongola (香气清芳高雅).
* **Fungo la madzi:** Lokhuthala ndi lolimba, la maluwa ndi zipatso, latsopano ndi lalitali (浓厚强烈，香味如花似果，清鲜持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kokhuthala, kotsekemera, kofewa ndi kotsitsimula (浓、甜、醇而爽口); pakhosi kumakhala kotsekemera ndi fungo la uchi (喉韵甘怡带蜜), ndi kubwerera kotsekemera.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Pakatikati ndi wofiira owala ndi woonekera, m'mphepete mwagolide (中间红艳透亮，边缘金黄).
* **Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothiridwa):** Lopyapyala ndi lofewa, ndi masamba owoneka, lofiira ngati mkuwa, lofanana ndi lowala, ndi kuwala kwa silika (细嫩，显芽铜红匀亮，富有绸面光泽).

Malinga ndi kalozera yemweyo, tiyiyu amatha kuthira madzi 6-8 motsatizana, osataya mtundu, fungo ndi kukoma.

**7. Zomwe Zili M'magulu a Thupi:**

Palibe deta ya zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala za tiyiyu m'magwero omwe anapezeka. Zofunikira zonse za tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa mitundu yapakati ndi yaing'ono zimaperekedwa ndi muyezo wa dziko GB/T 13738.2-2017; ngati aliyense anayesa tiyi wa ku Shaxian kuti agwirizane nawo, sindikudziwa.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyiyu yemweyo.

**9. Kuthira:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90-95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3-4 g pa 150 ml.
* **Ziwiya:** Gaiwan yoyera ya ceramic, momwemo mumawonekera m'mphepete mwagolide wa madzi.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa ziwiya.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Kutira koyamba: masekondi 10-20.
    4. Tsanulirani kwathunthu, osasiya madzi pa tsamba.
    5. Kutira kulikonse kotsatira pang'ono mokulira.
    6. Kalozera wa nsanja amalonjeza kuthira 6-8.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M'matumba otsekedwa bwino, pa kutentha kwa chipinda, pamalo ouma ndi amdima, popanda fungo lachilendo. Tiyi wofiira amapirira kusungidwa bwino kuposa wobiriwira, koma fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso limachepa pakapita nthawi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m'magwero omwe anapezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:**
    * Yang'anani pa paketi chizindikiro cha malo; nambala ya chizindikiro ndi 50240050.
    * Onetsetsani kuti tiyi anapangidwa ku Shaxian.
    * Zopota ndi zowonda, zolunjika, zakuda ndi zonyezimira; madzi ndi ofiira ndi m'mphepete mwagolide; pansi ndi lofiira ngati mkuwa.
    * Musasokoneze ndi hongbian wa ku Shaxian: uyo ndi ulongwe, ali ndi chizindikiro chake.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Zizindikiro ziwiri za tiyi za ku Shaxian, cha kufiira ndi cha ulongwe, zili ndi mwiniwake mmodzi ndi adiresi imodzi: fakitale ya tiyi ya tauni ya Xiamao.
* Pakati pa kulembetsa chizindikiro cha hongbian ndi chizindikiro cha tiyi wofiira wa gongfu padutsa pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri: 2015 ndi 2021.
* M'mphepete mwagolide kuzungulira madzi ofiira kalozera amawufotokoza ngati chizindikiro chapadera.
* Mawu "工夫茶" m'dzinali ndi osavuta kuwaganizira ngati gongfu cha, njira yothira; pano ndi dzina la gulu la tiyi wofiira.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wofiira wa ku Fujian:**

* **Shaxian Hongbian Cha ([沙县红边茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shaxian-hongbian-cha)):** Ulongwe wa m'chigawo chomwecho ndi wa mwini chizindikiro yemweyo; ndi tiyi wofiira wa gongfu amangogwirizana pa malo.
* **Youxi Hong ([尤溪红](https://thetea.app/ny/article/youxi-hong)):** Tiyi wofiira wa m'boma la Youxi m'mzinda womwewo wa Sanming, ndi chizindikiro chake ndi muyezo wagulu.
* **Zhenghe Gongfu ([政和工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zhenghe-gongfu)):** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa kumpoto kwa Fujian; Zhenghe amaima pafupi ndi Shaxian m'ndandanda wa madera a xiaozhong wakunja.
* **Tanyang Gong Fu ([坦洋工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tanyang-gong-fu)):** Tiyi wakale wofiira wa gongfu wa kum'mawa kwa chigawo, m'modzi mwa "ma gongfu atatu akulu a ku Fujian".
* **Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong ([正山小种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong)):** Xiaozhong wa dera la Tongmu ku Wuyishan ndi poyambira pomwe "xiaozhong wakunja" amawerengedwa.

**Pomaliza:**

Shaxian Gongfu Cha ndi tiyi wofiira wa masamba aang'ono wa mzinda wa Sanming, watsopano pa chitetezo, kuyambira 2021. Zolemba za iye ndi zochepa: chizindikiro, mwiniwake ndi kufotokoza kumodzi kwa maonekedwe. Koma kufotokozaku nkwatsatanetsatane: zopota zakuda zowonda zolunjika, madzi ofiira ndi m'mphepete mwagolide, kukoma kokhuthala kotsekemera ndi kubwerera kwa uchi, pansi lofiira ngati mkuwa ndi kuwala kwa silika ndi kuthira 6-8. Mitundu, nthawi zothyola ndi masitepe a ukadaulo akuyembekezerabe gwero lawo.