---
title: "Píngjiāng yānchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/pingjiang-yancha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Píngjiāng yānchá (平江烟茶)

**Pingjiang Yancha** (*Píngjiāng yānchá*, 平江烟茶) ndi tiyi wosuta wa m’boma la Pingjiang (平江县) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Yueyang kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Hunan. Chizindikiro 烟 (*yān*) chimatanthauza “utsi”; dzinalo limangofanana mawu ndi tiyi wa miyala 岩茶. Masamba amakulungidwa katatu ndi kusutidwa katatu, ndipo pakati pa kusuta kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu amawaphika pang’onopang’ono kuti asanduke achikasu. Zolemba za chizindikiro cha malo zimayika tiyiyu m’gulu la tiyi wachikasu; masamba ake ndi akuda-bulauni, madzi ake ndi agolide, fungo lake ndi la utsi. Kuyambira 2020 dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha malo a zaulimi, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

**1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wachikasu (黄茶, *huángchá*), wosuta. M’dongosolo lovomerezeka pali kuphika pang’onopang’ono (闷黄, *mènhuáng*), ndipo nyuzipepala ya mafakitale ya “China Food Safety News” imalemba mwachindunji: “属于黄茶类”, “ndi wa gulu lachikasu”.
* **Kusiyana:** Zolemba za m’boma zimatcha tiyiyu nthawi zina “wokonzedwa” (熟茶), nthawi zina “wosatenthedwa”; awa ndi mawu otsatsa a m’deralo, gulu pano laperekedwa malinga ndi zolemba zachitetezo.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wachikasu wosuta wopangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira wokhala ndi masamba awiri kapena anayi; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), chigawo cha mzinda wa Yueyang ([岳阳](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yueyang-huangcha-zhixiang), *Yuèyáng*), boma la Pingjiang (平江, *Píngjiāng*).
* **Malo Otetezedwa:** Matauni khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi ndi mafumu a m’boma, makhumi anayi mphambu makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi awiri (447) a midzi yoyang’anira, kuyambira Sanshi (三市镇) mpaka Mujin (木金乡). Malinga ndi zolemba, mu 2019 tiyi ankasonkha pa mahekitala 8000 ndipo anatulutsa matani 1500; gwero loyambirira la ziwerengerozi silinapezeke.
* **Zogwirizana za malo:** 28°29′24″–29°10′16″ kumpoto ndi 113°15′30″–114°15′17″ kum’mawa.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Mizu yakale.** “China Food Safety News” imatchula buku la ku Western Jin lotchedwa “Jingzhou Tudi Ji” (荆州土地记): tiyi ku Pingjiang anayamba kubzala m’zaka za Yuankang (元康), 291–299. Mawuwa achokera ku gwero lachiwiri.
    * **1875.** Malinga ndi atolankhani a ku Hunan, m’chaka choyamba cha Guangxu kunatsegulidwa sitolo ya tiyi yotchedwa “Fushan Qinghao” (阜山青号), yomwe inkakonza makamaka tiyi wosuta.
    * **1884.** M’mudzi wa Danjiang m’tauni ya Sanshi (三市镇淡江村) anapeza mwala wa chaka cha 10 cha Guangxu. Zolembedwazo, malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyi: “平江烟茶生幕阜与连云之间，上等茶谷雨前后采，煮捞揉捻凉爽后再烟焙” — tiyi wosuta wa Pingjiang amamera pakati pa mapiri a Mufu ndi Lianyun, wabwino kwambiri amasonkha pafupi ndi phwando la Guyu (谷雨, *gǔyǔ*), masamba amawaphika ndi kuwachotsa, kuwakulunga, kuwaziziritsa, kenako nkuwawotha ndi utsi.
    * **Tiyi wa nyumba.** Malinga ndi zolemba za m’boma, tiyi wosuta kwa nthawi yayitali ankangopangira panyumba, osati kugulitsa. Mu 2014 pamodzi ndi mudzi wa Danjiang anakhazikitsa mgwirizano wa alimi, ndipo tiyi anayamba kupangidwa pansi pa mtundu wa “Guyu Yancha”; malinga ndi atolankhani a m’boma, njira za manja za 18 zachikhalidwe zidachepetsedwa kukhala khumi, kusunga kukulunga, kuphika pang’onopang’ono mwachilengedwe, ndi kusuta pa makala.
    * **2018.** Mu December anakhazikitsa Research Institute ya Pingjiang Yancha (平江县烟茶研究院).
    * **2020.** Pa 29 May tiyiyu anadutsa kafukufuku wa chigawo, pa 28 September komiti ya dziko la China Center for Development of Green Food. Buku lolemba limalemba kuti kalembera wa chizindikiro cha malo a zaulimi ndi 25 December 2020 ndipo limatchula chilengezo cha unduna nambala 378; malemba a chilengezocho sanapezeke.
    * **2016 ndi 2021.** Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’boma, “Guyu Yancha” mu 2016 anavomerezedwa ngati cholowa chosadziwika cha mzinda wa Yueyang, ndipo mu 2021 luso lake lopanga linalowa m’ndandanda wachisanu wa chigawo cha Hunan.
    * **2025.** State Intellectual Property Office ndi chilengezo nambala 640 linavomereza dzinali ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo; wopemphayo ndi research institute ya tiyi wosuta.
* **Dzina:** “Pingjiang” (平江) ndi dzina la boma; “yan” (烟) ndi “utsi”; “cha” (茶) ndi tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Zolemba za m’boma zimafotokoza kawonedwe ka kumwa tiyi wosuta: m’kapu amaika njere zingapo za “tsabola wa tiyi” (茶椒, *chájiāo*), ndipo pamapeto amadya masamba pamodzi ndi madzi otsala. Kumwa kotere kumatchedwa 呷茶 (*xiā chá*); malinga ndi zolemba za m’boma, motero mlendo amasonyeza kuvomereza tiyi wa mwininyumba, ndipo nkhani ya 2025 imawonjezera kuti ku Pingjiang tiyi sa“mwa” koma “amadya” (吃茶, *chī chá*). Kukonda tiyiyu zolemba za m’boma za 2021 zimafotokoza ndi mwambi “宁可一个月饭碗里无腊肉，不可茶碗里一日无烟茶” — “kulibwino mwezi umodzi wopanda nyama yowuma m’mbale, kusiyana ndi tsiku limodzi lopanda tiyi wosuta m’kapu”; m’zolemba zina za ku Hunan mwambiwu ndi waufupi: “宁可三日无肉，不可碗里一日无烟茶”. Nkhani ya 2025 imakumbukiranso kuti m’mibadwo ya agogo, popanga tiyi ankasakaniza masamba aang’ono a holly (枸骨, *gǒugǔ*), ndipo tiyi ankatulutsa fungo lapadera.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Mitundu yobzala:** Zofunikira za chitetezo zimatchula mtundu wa tiyi wosuta wa ku Pingjiang (平江烟茶群体品种) ndi mtundu wosankhidwa 槠叶齐 (*zhūyèqí*). Zolemba za mtundu wa “Guyu Yancha” zimatchula mtundu wamba wamasamba akulu akutchire; gwero silifotokoza ndendende maziko a zomera.
* **Muyezo wa kusonkha:** Nsonga za mphukira kuchokera ku mphukira wokhala ndi masamba awiri mpaka mphukira wokhala ndi masamba anayi kapena ofanana nawo, osweka, atsopano, ofanana, ndi oyera.
* **Nthawi ya kusonkha:** Kusonkha kwabwino kwambiri, malinga ndi zolembedwa za 1884, ndi pafupi ndi phwando la Guyu.

**4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Hunan, pamphambano ndi Hubei ndi Jiangxi: nkhalango, mapiri, zigwa. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa boma la 2020, mapiri a Lianyunshan (连云山) ndi Mufushan (幕阜山) otalika mpaka 1600 m amasunga mpweya wotentha wachinyezi kuchokera kumwera, ndi wozizira kuchokera kumpoto.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Kutalika kwa minda sikunapezeke m’zolemba.
* **Nyengo:** Malinga ndi kufotokozera komweko, kutentha kwapachaka ndi 16.8 °C, nyengo yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 295, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi maola 1731, mvula ndi 1450.8 mm; mapiri amakhala ndi nkhungu komanso kuwala kochuluka kofalikira.
* **Nthaka:** Nthaka yamchenga ndi yachikasu, wosanjikiza wochuluka, wosalala, wachonde, wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
* **Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango:** 63.35 %; mtsinje wa Miluojiang (汨罗江) umayenda m’boma mtunda wa 192.9 km.

**5. Njira Yopangira:**

Ndondomeko ya magawo khumi ndi anayi imaperekedwa ndi zolemba zachitetezo; kawonedwe kalembedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025.

1.  **Kutsuka (水洗, *shuǐxǐ*):** Masamba atsopano amatsukidwa ndi madzi a kasupe wa m’mapiri, zomwe ndi zachilendo popanga tiyi.
2.  **Kufota (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Wosanjikiza pafupifupi 5 cm, pansi pa 28 °C, maola 6–12; masamba amataya chinyezi 10–20 %, fungo la udzu limachoka.
3.  **Kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Kusankha, kuwotcha m’mphika wachitsulo pa 160–200 °C pa kilogalamu 1–1.5, mphindi 5–12; kuwotcha m’madzi otentha (捞青, *lāoqīng*) pa kilogalamu 1.5–2.5, mpaka masamba asanduke obiriwira achikasu; kapena makina a ng’oma pa 180–260 °C.
4.  **Kukulunga koyamba (初揉) ndi kutambasula mipumphu (解块).**
5.  **Kusuta koyamba (初熏, *chūxūn*):** Masamba amayalidwa mofanana pa “chakang” (茶炕, *chákàng*), choyatsira cha nsungwi chooneka ngati chipewa cha mkulu wakale, ndipo amasutidwa; nkhuni ndi zipolopolo za njere za tiyi, mpesa, makala a paini, zipatso za liquidambar, ndi khungu lakale la mandarini; mpesa m’ndandanda watchulidwa ndi dzina la mtundu, 扁担藤 (*biǎndanténg*). 60–80 °C, mphindi 15–20, kusakaniza mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse.
6.  **Kukulunga kwachiwiri ndi kutambasula mipumphu.**
7.  **Kusuta kwachiwiri (复熏):** 70–90 °C, mphindi 15–20.
8.  **Kuphika pang’onopang’ono (闷黄, *mènhuáng*):** Tiyi amawunjika mulu wa kutalika kwa 20–25 cm pamalo owuma opumira mpweya popanda dzuwa lolunjika kwa maola 1–4.
9.  **Kukulunga kwachitatu ndi kutambasula mipumphu.**
10. **Kusuta kwachitatu (三熏):** 90–100 °C.
11. **Kuumitsa (足干, *zúgān*):** Uumitse mpaka magawo asanu ndi anayi mwa khumi, kenako pa moto wochepa, mpaka masamba asweke ndi zala kukhala ufa.

Nkhuni zomwe magwero amazitchula mosiyanasiyana: boma, paini, zipatso za liquidambar (枫球), ndi zipolopolo za camellia yamafuta (油茶壳), zolemba zina, mizu ya mipesa (藤根). Zofunikira za 2025 zimapereka ndandanda wawo, womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa: umagwirizana ndi wa boma pa zipatso za liquidambar ndi paini (monga makala), ndipo m’malo mwa zipolopolo za camellia yamafuta umatchula zipolopolo za njere za tiyi (茶籽壳); mpesa alimo, koma mizu sinatchulidwe.

Zolemba za m’boma za 2022 zimafotokoza kawonedwe ka panyumba. Dongosolo la ntchito m’nyumba zamba ndi kusonkha, kutsuka, kusankha, kuwotcha m’madzi (捞), kukulunga, kutsuka (涤), kuwotha. Amasuta ndi zomwe zilipo, zipatso za liquidambar, mizu ya chomera chomwe zolemba zimatcha 翘栗, zipolopolo za njere za tiyi, ndi makala, pang’onopang’ono, “kuti uwoneke utsi, osati moto”, nthawi zambiri maola 8–10. Tiyi wokonzedwa amasiyidwa kuti apume, mpaka “kutentha” (火气) kuchoke, ndipo amasankhidwa (拣茶): amachotsa masamba akulu akulu ndi achikasu. Malinga ndi zolemba zomwezo, pa 6 jin za masamba atsopano oyamba amatuluka 1 jin ya tiyi wouma, wochedwa, pa 4, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutsuka, kumachepetsa mtundu wa madzi.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Kufotokoza malinga ndi zolemba zachitetezo.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Akuda-bulauni, onyezimira pang’ono (乌褐尚亮); mawonekedwe okulungidwa olimba, ofanana, ndi timitengo tating’ono tatsopano (条索紧实，匀整有嫩梗). Malinga ndi zolemba za m’boma, tiyi amasungidwa wosalala (散茶).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokoza kosiyana m’zolemba zopezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Utsi, wandiweyani ndi wokhalitsa (熏香浓郁持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kodzaza, kofewa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (滋味醇厚回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wagolide wachikasu ndi wowala (汤色金黄明亮).
* **Masamba otsala pansi pa kapu:** Ofanana, oyera, ofewa, abulauni achikasu ndi owala (叶底匀净柔软、褐黄明亮).

Malinga ndi “China Food Safety News”, m’chaka choyamba tiyi ndi wakuda ndi wobiriwira pang’ono, pakapita nthawi amasanduka wakuda ngati khwangwala. Zolemba za m’boma za 2021 zimayerekezera mtundu wa tiyi wouma ndi chitsulo chakuda (黑如玄铁) ndipo zimalemba kuti pamene akuwaphika mwamphamvu, madzi ake ndi ochindikala, “ngati msuzi” (茶汤如酱), ndipo pamene mopepuka, ndi agolide ndi obiriwira (金黄透绿).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Ziwerengero za zolemba zachitetezo:

| Chizindikiro | Muyezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Phulusa lonse | osaposa 7.0 % |
| Ma polyphenols a tiyi | osachepera 10 % |
| Ma amino acid aulere | osachepera 1.5 % |
| Zosungunuka m’madzi | osachepera 16 % |

Miyezoyi ndi ya zofunikira za 2025. Zolemba za kalembera wa 2020 zimapereka muyezo wina wa zosungunuka m’madzi, osachepera 32 %; malemba a lamulo la 2020 sanapezeke, choncho kusiyana sikunathetsedwe.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyiyu weniweni.

**9. Kuphika Tiyi:**

Kachitidwe ka gulu la tiyi wachikasu.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 85–90 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–4 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikuwaza madzi.
    3. Kuphika koyamba, pafupifupi mphindi imodzi.
    4. Onjezerani madzi.
    5. Bwerezani, malingana ndi kukoma ndi fungo la utsi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Kachitidwe ka gulu. M’zotengera zotsekedwa bwino, pamalo owuma, ozizira, amdima, kutali ndi tiyi wina ndi zinthu zonunkhira. Palibe deta ya momwe kukoma kumasinthira pakusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Zolemba za m’boma za 2023 zinkatchula mtengo wa tiyi wa mtundu wa “Guyu Yancha” kuyambira 200 mpaka 1600 yuan pa jin (500 g); awa ndi mitengo ya mtundu umodzi, osati msika wonse.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha malo ndi wopanga wochokera kudera lotetezedwa la boma la Pingjiang.
    * Yerekezerani maonekedwe ndi kufotokoza kwa zolemba: masamba akuda-bulauni ndi timitengo, fungo la utsi, madzi agolide.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Masamba atsopano amatsukidwa ndi madzi a kasupe asanakonzedwe.
* Zolembedwa za 1884 zimayambitsa kukonza ndi mawu oti “phikani ndi kuchotsa” (煮捞), ndipo zofunikira za 2025 mpaka pano zimalola kukhazikitsa m’madzi otentha (捞青).
* M’ndandanda wa nkhuni za kusuta pali khungu lakale la mandarini.
* Kusuta kwapanyumba, malinga ndi zolemba za m’boma za 2022, kumatenga maola 8–10 pamoto wochepa; zofunikira za chitetezo zimapereka mphindi 15–20 pa kusuta koyamba ndi kwachiwiri.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina:**

* **Weishan Maojian ([沩山毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/weishan-maojian)):** Tiyi wachikasu wa ku Hunan wokhala ndi kuphika pang’onopang’ono ndi kusuta ndi paini; amafotokozedwa ngati tiyi wachikasu wosuta yekhayo, koma malinga ndi zolemba zachitetezo Pingjiang Yancha nayenso ndi wachikasu wosuta, wokhala ndi kusuta katatu.
* **Yueyang Huangcha ([岳阳黄茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yueyang-huangcha)):** Dzina la dera la tiyi wachikasu wa Yueyang, lomwe limaphatikizapo Pingjiang.
* **Pingjiang Gaoshan Cha ([平江高山茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/pingjiang-gaoshan-cha)):** Mtundu wa boma wa “tiyi wa kumapiri” wopanda gulu lofotokozedwa.
* **Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong ([正山小种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong)):** Tiyi wofiira wa ku Fujian wokhala ndi utsi wa paini, utsi womwewo, gulu lina.

**Pomaliza:**

Pingjiang Yancha ndi tiyi wachikasu wosuta wa kumidzi kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Hunan: masamba amatsukidwa ndi madzi a kasupe, amakulungidwa katatu ndi kusutidwa katatu, ndipo pakati pa kusuta amaphikidwa pang’onopang’ono. Zotsatira zake ndi tiyi wosalala wakuda-bulauni wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la utsi, madzi agolide, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera.