---
title: "Nàxī tèzǎochá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/naxi-tezaocha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Nàxī tèzǎochá (纳溪特早茶)

**Naxi Tezao Cha** (*Nàxī tèzǎochá*, 纳溪特早茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Naxi District (纳溪区) m'chigawo cha Luzhou kumwera kwa dera la Sichuan. Ulemerero wake wonse uli pa nthawi: kututa molingana ndi zofunikira za chitetezo kumayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi wa January, ndipo mafotokozedwe am'deralo amatcha tiyiyu "tiyi wa Chaka Chatsopano" (除夕茶, *chúxī chá*) — masamba oyamba amatha kumwa usiku wa Chaka Chatsopano cha mwezi. Dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha malo chaulimi (2011), lili mu mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ladziwika ngati malonda ndi chizindikiro cha malo ndi CNIPA (State Intellectual Property Office).

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Zofunikira za chitetezo za 2025 zimalongosola mitundu iwiri — yosalala (扁形茶) ndi maofeng ([毛峰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/maofengcha)茶), ndipo zonse zimayamba ndi kufowoketsa masamba ndi kutenthetsa (杀青), popanda oxidation.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wa m'chaka choyamba kumwera kwa Sichuan; malonda ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, dera la Sichuan (四川, *Sìchuān*), mzinda wa Luzhou (泸州, *Lúzhōu*), Naxi District (纳溪, *Nàxī*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Midzi 176 m'matauni 12 a chigawochi: Dadukou (大渡口), Huguo (护国), Dagu (打古), Shangma (上马), Hemian (合面), Fengle (丰乐), Baijie (白节), Tianxian (天仙), Mianhuapo (棉花坡), Xinle (新乐), Quba (渠坝) ndi Longche (龙车). Wopempha mu 2025 ndi boma la Naxi District.
* **Ma coordinates a geography:** 105°09′–105°37′ E, 28°02′14″–28°26′53″ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Zolemba zakale.** Mafotokozedwe a chizindikiro amagwira mawu kuchokera ku "Huayang Guozhi" (华阳国志) okhudza msonkho wa tiyi ndi uchi kuchokera ku mayiko a Ba ndi Shu panthawi ya Mfumu Wu ya Zhou — umboni wa m'derali lonse, osati Naxi basi.
    * **"Cha Jing".** Zolemba za m'deralo zimalongosola kuti "Cha Jing" cha Lu Yu chimatchula tiyi wa Naxi ndi Meiling (梅岭), koma zimasulira mosiyanasiyana: "纳溪、梅岭产茶" kapena "纳溪梅岭茶". Sitinathe kufufuza mawuwo ndi malo omwe tapeza.
    * **Zolemba za Huang Tingjian.** Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe omwewo, wolemba ndakatulo wa m'badwo wa Song ndi calligrapher Huang Tingjian (黄庭坚) adalemba pamwala pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Qingxihe (清溪河) m'chigawo cha Naxi mawu oti "二月茶" — "tiyi wa mwezi wachiwiri". Lipoti la 2013 (losindikizidwanso mu 2019) limaika zolemba pa Qingxihe ku Shayutan (晒鱼滩) m'tauni ya Dadukou ndipo limalemba kuti malembowo afanana ndi a Huang Tingjian, koma zowona zidayenera kutsimikizidwa ndi akatswiri; zotsatira za kufufuza sizinafotokozedwe m'malo omwe tapeza.
    * **2011.** Pa 20 December, Unduna wa Zaulimi udavomereza kulembetsa chizindikiro cha malo chaulimi (nyuzipepala ina ya m'deralo imatchula 2017, kusiyana ndi malo ena). Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a chizindikiro, malo otetezedwa panthawiyo anali mahekitala 20,000, ndipo zokolola zinali matani 25,000 pachaka.
    * **Mgwirizano ndi European Union.** Malinga ndi tsamba la Unduna wa Zamalonda, tiyiyu walembedwa mu Annex III ya mgwirizano wa China ndi EU wokhudza zizindikiro za malo (PGI "Naxi Te Zao Cha", fayilo PGI-CN-2754; maziko — chizindikiro chaulimi cha China, wopempha — ofesi ya zaulimi ya Naxi District). Mabuku amatchula kuti adalowetsedwa pa 20 July 2020; chaka cha 2014 chomwe tsamba la zizindikiro za malo limatchula sichinatsimikizidwe ndi zolemba za mgwirizano.
    * **2018–2021 — muyezo wa gulu.** Malinga ndi lipoti la "Sichuan Online" (2025), kuyambira 2018 ofesi ya zaulimi ya chigawo ndi bungwe la tiyi adakonzekera kwa zaka zitatu muyezo wa gulu "纳溪特早茶", womwe udakhazikitsa mizere itatu ya tiyi wobiriwira wapakati ndi wapamwamba — yusun (玉笋, *yùsǔn*), yuya (玉芽, *yùyá*) ndi yuzhen (玉针, *yùzhēn*).
    * **2025.** Ndi chidziwitso cha CNIPA No. 625 (chosainidwa 1 April, chosindikizidwa 14 April) tiyiyu adadziwika ngati malonda ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Dzina:** 纳溪 — Naxi District; 特早 — "chapadera choyambirira", "choyambirira kwambiri"; 茶 — tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Derali limatchedwa "kwawo kwa tiyi woyambirira kwambiri ku China" (中国特早茶之乡), ndipo zolemba za m'deralo zimatcha "woyambirira kwambiri padziko lonse pamtunda womwewo" — awa ndi mawu otsatsa ochokera kuzolemba.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025 — mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri: [乌牛早](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wuniu-zao) (*Wūniú zǎo*), 福选9号 (*Fúxuǎn 9*), 福鼎大白 (*Fúdǐng dàbái*), 中黄2号 (*Zhōnghuáng 2*), 黄金芽 (*Huángjīn yá*) ndi zina. Mafotokozedwe a reference ndi chidziwitso cha ofesi ya zaulimi ya chigawo amawonjezera 平阳特早 ndi 巴渝特早; malinga ndi malipoti a 2023, minda yambiri imapangidwa ndi 乌牛早, 福选9号 ndi 峨眉问春 (*Éméi wènchūn*).
* **Kututa:** Kuyambira kumapeto kwa January mpaka koyambirira kwa April.
* **Mulingo wa kututa:** Kuchokera ku bud limodzi mpaka bud ndi masamba awiri; kututa "mokweza" (提采), bud ndi tsamba ziyenera kukhala zosweka, zatsopano ndi zofanana.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumwera kwa Sichuan Basin, mapiri ndi mapiri otsika pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Yangtze ndi mtsinje wake wa Yongninghe (永宁河).
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025 — 230–960 m. Mafotokozedwe a 2011 amalongosola kuti minda ili makamaka m'mapiri otsika pa 400–700 m.
* **Dothi:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025 — dothi lachikasu ndi lachikasu-bulauni (黄壤、黄棕壤), kuzama koposa 60 cm, organic matter osachepera 1.5 %, pH 4.5–6.5. Mafotokozedwe a 2011 adatchula mosiyana: m'derali dothi la purple acidic (酸性紫色土) pa miyala ya purple sandstone. Kusiyana sikunafotokozedwe.
* **Nyengo** (malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a chizindikiro): nyengo yamvula ya subtropical monsoon; kutentha kwapakati pachaka 18.3 °C, masiku opanda chisanu pafupifupi 350, mvula 1184.9 mm, chinyezi 83 %.
* **Chifukwa chake ndi choyambirira:** Malinga ndi lipoti la 2025, m'zigwa zazikulu za tiyi kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku 10 °C, komwe kumayambitsa masamba, kumachitika chisanafike Chikondwerero cha Spring — masiku 7–10 msanga kuposa kumadzulo kwa Sichuan, ndipo mwezi umodzi kuposa ku Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang.
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi lipoti la "Sichuan Online" (2025), kumapeto kwa 2024 — minda ya 315,000 mu ndi tiyi wosakanizidwa wa matani 24,000 pachaka.

**5. Technology ya Kupanga:**

Zofunikira za chitetezo za 2025 zimalongosola njira ziwiri.

**Tiyi wosalala (扁形茶):**

1.  **Kufowoketsa (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Kusanjikiza 2–3 cm, maola 4–8, mpaka fungo la udzu lichoke; chinyezi pafupifupi 70 %.
2.  **Kutenthetsa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** 120–130 °C, mpaka tsamba lofewa lopanda kuwala; chinyezi pafupifupi 65 %.
3.  **Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, *chūhōng*):** 90–110 °C, pafupifupi mphindi 20; chinyezi 50–58 %.
4.  **Kuwongola ndi kuumba (理条、做形, *lǐtiáo, zuòxíng*):** 110–120 °C, mphindi 5–8; chinyezi pafupifupi 45 %.
5.  **Kuchotsa ubweya (脱毫, *tuōháo*):** 110–130 °C, mphindi 50–70 — mpaka tsamba lowongoka lopanda ubweya woyera.
6.  **Kuyanika kwachiwiri (二烘, *èrhōng*):** Pafupifupi 90 °C.
7.  **Kumaliza m'pot (辉锅, *huīguō*):** 80–100 °C, mpaka kuwala kwa yellow-green ndi chinyezi chosapitirira 6 %.

**Maofeng (毛峰茶):** kufowoketsa maola 4–10 mpaka chinyezi 65–70 %; kutenthetsa pafupifupi 120 °C, mphindi 1–1.5; kupotoza pang'ono mphindi 5–7; kuyanika koyamba pa 90–110 °C; kupotoza kachiwiri mphindi 25–30; kuwongola ndi kuwonetsa ubweya pa 70–80 °C, mphindi 10–15; kuyanika komaliza pa 90–100 °C mpaka chinyezi 5–6 %.

Mawu a muyezo wa gulu sanatsegulidwe m'malo omwe tapeza.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo za 2025:

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Lathyathyathya ndi lowongoka (扁平挺直), lachikasu-lobiriwira ndi ubweya wobisika (黄绿隐毫), lofanana ndi loyera.
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe apadera m'malo omwe tapeza.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Chestnut, lolemera ndi lokhalitsa (栗香浓郁持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa ndi kolimbikitsa (鲜醇爽口).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Yellow-green, wowala.
* **Tsamba lotsalira:** Yellow-green, lofanana, lowala.

Mafotokozedwe a maonekedwe amakhudza mtundu wosalala, ngakhale chitetezo chomwecho chimalongosola technology ya maofeng; palibe mafotokozedwe apadera a maofeng mu chikalatacho. Mafotokozedwe a reference amatchula kuti mtundu wa tiyi wosalala ndi emerald (色泽翠绿).

**7. Zomwe Zilipo mu Chemical:**

| Chizindikiro | Mulingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi | osachepera 42 % |
| Tea polyphenols | osachepera 16 % |

Za amino acid zofunikira zimangonena kuti "ndi zambiri"; palibe mulingo wa nambala.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyiyu basi.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Njira yofanana ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Madzi 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera. Thirani madzi pambali, kapu yoyamba — pakatha masekondi 40–60; mwani kusiya madzi ena, ndipo thirani kachiwiri — kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira yofanana ndi gulu. M'chipinda chotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:**

* **Mtengo:** Palibe deta yadongosolo. Malinga ndi wopanga mu lipoti la 2025, maphukusi oyambirira kwambiri a mtundu wa 中黄2号 amagulitsidwa kuposa 3000 yuan pa jin (500 g), ndipo pamene tiyi ikulowa pamsika kwambiri, mtengo umatsika kawiri kapena katatu.
* **Momwe mungapewere zonama:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication: ufulu wochigwiritsa ntchito kwa wopanga m'derali umaperekedwa ndi CNIPA m'malo mwa chigawo ndi dera.
    * Malinga ndi lipoti la 2025, ogwiritsa ntchito chizindikirocho akuyenera kutsatira "zinthu zinayi zofanana" — chilolezo chimodzi, phukusi limodzi, mfundo imodzi ndi mtundu umodzi.
    * Tsamba — lathyathyathya, lowongoka, lachikasu-lobiriwira ndi ubweya wobisika; fungo — chestnut.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Kututa molingana ndi zofunikira za chitetezo kumayamba kumapeto kwa January; sabata ya kutsegulira nyengo ya 2025 m'deralo, malinga ndi lipoti, adayika m'derali ndi mutu "kapu yoyamba ya spring ya China".
* Pakati pa mitundu yovomerezeka pali yellow-leaf 中黄2号 ndi 黄金芽.
* Malinga ndi lipoti la 2025, m'deralo momwemo amasintha pafupifupi 60 % yokha ya masamba omwe atutidwa: otsala amapita ku Yibin, Leshan ndi Ya'an, ndipo tiyi wosakanizidwa amagulidwa ndi amalonda obwera.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ina:**

* **Wuniu Zao (乌牛早):** Tiyi woyambirira wa chigawo cha Yongjia ku Zhejiang; mtundu womwewo uli m'ndandanda wa mitundu ya Naxi.
* **Xihu Longjing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xihu-longjing)):** Muyezo wa tiyi wobiriwira wosalala; mtundu waukulu wotetezedwa wa Naxi Tezao Cha nawonso ndi wosalala.
* **Jinyun Huangcha ([缙云黄茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jinyun-huangcha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa mtundu wa 中黄2号, womwe umavomerezedwanso ku Naxi.
* **Gulin Niupi Cha ([古蔺牛皮茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/gulin-niupi-cha)):** Tiyi wa chigawo cha Gulin m'chigawo chomwecho cha Luzhou.

**Pomaliza:**

Naxi Tezao Cha ndi tiyi wogulitsa nthawi: kututa kuyambira kumapeto kwa January, tsamba lathyathyathya lachikasu-lobiriwira ndi ubweya wobisika ndi fungo lokhalitsa la chestnut. Kumbuyo kwa nthawi yoyambirira kuli nyengo yotentha ya chigwa cha Yongninghe ndi mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri, ndipo kumbuyo kwa dzinalo kuli magawo atatu a chitetezo ndi zofunikira zatsatanetsatane za mitundu iwiri ya masamba.