---
title: "Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/menghai-mannuo-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá (勐海曼糯茶)

**Menghai Manno Cha** (*Měnghǎi Mànnuò chá*, [勐海](https://thetea.app/ny/article/meng-hai)曼糯茶) ndi chizindikiro cha malo cha tiyi, chotchedwa malinga ndi mudzi wa Manno (曼糯) m'boma la Menghai, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, m'chigawo cha Yunnan. Gulu la mankhwala silinatchulidwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka, ndipo malowa sakudziwika bwino: pali midzi iwiri yotchedwa Manno ku Menghai. Wodziwika kwambiri uli m'boma la Mengwang kumpoto kwenikweni kwa boma; mabuku a tiyi amatcha minda yake yakale kuti "Banzhang wamng'ono."

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Sizinakhazikitsidwe: chikalata cha chizindikiro sichitchula gulu. Kuchokera ku masamba akuluakulu a Menghai amapanga makamaka sheng pu'er (生普, *shēngpǔ*), komanso tiyi wofiira ndi woyera. Mabuku a tiyi amafotokoza tiyi wa Manno ngati pu'er.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wa minda yakale ya Menghai; chizindikiro cha malo. Mndandandawo sufotokoza mtundu wake, koma atolankhani amatcha zizindikiro za boma ngati zizindikiro za certification (证明商标).
* **Chiyambi:** China, Yunnan Province (云南, *Yúnnán*), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳, *Xīshuāngbǎnnà*), Menghai County (勐海县, *Měnghǎi Xiàn*). Pali ofuna awiri:
    * **Manno wa m'boma la Mengwang** (勐往乡, *Měngwǎng xiāng*) - malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, mu komiti ya kumidzi ya Mengwang, kumalire ndi Lancang County ndi Simao District ya Pu'er City.
    * **Manno pa Bulangshan** ([布朗山](https://thetea.app/ny/article/bu-lang-shan), *Bùlǎngshān*) - mafotokozedwe amamuyika ku komiti ya kumidzi yomwe dzina lake limalembedwa mosiyanasiyana (曼昂, 勐昂, 勐昴), ndipo lina limati ku komiti ya kumidzi ya Jiliang (吉良).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Mndandanda umatchula boma la Menghai ngati gawo loyang'anira mwini chizindikiro. Malire amalamulo a dera sindinawone, ndipo chikalatacho sichinena kuti chizindikirocho ndi cha midzi iti mwa iwiri.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** Manno wa m'boma la Mengwang, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, ndi 22°24′ N ndi 100°25′ E. Palibe ma coordinates a mudzi wa Bulangshan m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka. Boma la Menghai lokha lili pakati pa 21°28′ ndi 22°28′ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Njira ya tiyi.** Mpaka nthawi ya Republican, tiyi wa kumapiri kumadzulo kwa Lancang, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, amadutsa ku Menghai, Meng'a ndi Mengwang, kuwoloka mtsinje ku Nuozha ndikupita ku Simao ndi Pu'er. Manno anali pa njirayi.
    * **Kusamuka.** Malinga ndi nkhani za akulu akumaloko zomwe mabuku a tiyi amazitchula, a Bulang anabwera ku Manno kuchokera ku Lancang zaka zoposa mazana anayi zapitazo. Manno amatchedwa mudzi woyamba wa Bulang ku Mengwang komanso waukulu kwambiri.
    * **Kukula ndi kugwa.** Malinga ndi nkhani zomwezo, zolembedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2010, zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi atatu zisanachitike, m'mudzimo munali mabanja oposa mazana awiri ndi akachisi awiri a Buddha. Pambuyo pa 1949, msewu wamagalimoto unamangidwa kuchokera ku Menghai kupita ku Lancang, anthu onyamula katundu anachoka, tiyi anasiya kugulidwa; akachisi omwe ankasauka, omwe panalibe ndalama zowakonza, anawonongedwa mu 1958, mitengo ya tiyi inadulidwa kuti alime tirigu, ndipo boma linayang'ana kwambiri mphira. Izi ndi zomwe mabuku a tiyi amanena; sindinawone zolemba.
    * **Zizindikiro za Menghai.** Chizindikiro cha umbrella "勐海茶" chinaperekedwa mu 2012 ndi malo a tiyi a boma, chinalembetsedwa mu 2014 ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2016. M'ndandanda wa zizindikiro za GI ku Yunnan kumapeto kwa 2019, pambuyo pake pali zizindikiro khumi ndi zisanu za mapiri ndi midzi, kuphatikizapo "勐海曼糯茶." Atolankhani a 2022 amatchula zizindikiro khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi za boma - ndizofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro za tiyi za Menghai m'ndandanda, ngati tiphatikiza chizindikiro cha umbrella.
* **Dzina:**
    * "Menghai" (勐海) ndi dzina la boma.
    * "Manno" (曼糯) ndi dzina la mudzi. M'mayina am'deralo ochokera m'chinenero cha Dai, "man" (曼) amatanthauza "mudzi"; tanthauzo la syllable yachiwiri silinafotokozedwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka.
    * "Cha" (茶) ndi tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Manno wa m'boma la Mengwang ndi midzi itatu: ku Dazhai kumakhala a Bulang, ku Shangzhai kumakhala a Han, ku Zhongzhai kumakhala a Han ndi a Lahu. Nthano imagwirizanitsa mudziwo ndi mwala wokhala ndi "chizindikiro cha mapazi a munthu wosafa," komwe, malinga ndi nkhani, a Bulang amabwera ngakhale kuchokera ku Myanmar.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Tiyi wam'madera akuluakulu wa minda yakale; mtundu sunatchulidwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka. Kwa Manno wa Bulangshan, kufotokozera kwa malonda potengera kafukufuku wa mitengo yakale ya tiyi m'chigawo cha 2004 kumatchula maekala 60 a minda ya mtundu wa 苦茶 (*kǔchá*, "tiyi wowawa"): masamba ake ndi owawa, koma amatsekemera pambuyo pake.
* **Kukolola:** Nthawi sizinatchulidwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka.
* **Muyezo wa kukolola:** Sunaperekedwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka.
* **Zofunika pa zopangira:** Mafotokozedwe amanena za minda yakale yaoposa maekala 2000 ku Manno wa m'boma la Mengwang. Sindinaone zofunika za chizindikiro pa zopangira.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumpoto kwa boma la Menghai, boma la Mengwang, malire ndi Lancang County ndi Simao District. Mapangidwe a boma amatsogozedwa ndi phiri la Daheishan (大黑山): kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kwakukulu, pakati ndi chigwa cha Mengwang, ndipo kumalire chakum'mawa kumayenda mtsinje wa Lancang (澜沧江, *Láncāng jiāng*).
* **Minda:** Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, kum'mawa kwa phiri la Daheishan, m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Xiangshuihe (响水河), pamtunda wa 85 km kuchokera ku likulu la boma.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Mudzi - **1266 m**; kwa phiri la tiyi la Manno lonse, kufotokozera kumodzi kumapereka 1200-1300 m.
* **Dothi:** Palibe deta m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka.
* **Nyengo:** Kufotokozera kumodzi kumatchula mvula ya 1300-1400 mm pachaka ku Manno wa m'boma la Mengwang; palibe deta ina ya nyengo m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka. Palibenso deta ya kutalika, dothi ndi nyengo ya mudzi wa Bulangshan.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Ukadaulo wa tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro sunafotokozedwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka. Kwa sheng pu'er wochokera ku midzi yakale, ndondomeko yodziwika ndi iyi:

1.  **Kukolola (采摘, *cǎizhāi*).**
2.  **Kuziziritsa masamba (摊晾, *tānliàng*).**
3.  **Kukhazikitsa m'poteni (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Kuyanika padzuwa (晒干, *shàigān*):** Amapanga maocha wosalala ([晒青](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shai-qing)毛茶, *shàiqīng máochá*).
6.  **Kuphatikiza (紧压, *jǐnyā*):** Osati kofunikira.

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika ya gulu lonse, osati kufotokozera ukadaulo wa Menghai Manno Cha.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokozera komwe kuli pansipa kumaperekedwa ndi mabuku a tiyi kwa pu'er wochokera ku mitengo yakale ya Manno wa m'boma la Mengwang. Sikunagwirizane ndi mankhwala omwe ali pansi pa chizindikirocho.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Opotoka mwamphamvu, akuda kwambiri ndi onyezimira (条索紧结较黑亮).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Oyera (茶香纯正), ndi fungo lamphamvu la "kumapiri ndi nkhalango" (山野气较强); fungo limakhala pansi pa chikho (杯底留香).
* **Kukoma:** Kuwawa kumaonekera, kuphwanya kumatenga nthawi, koma m'madzi muli kutsekemera; kubweranso kwa kutsekemera sikubwera nthawi yomweyo, koma ndi kwabwino, madzi ndi odzaza (苦显涩长，汤中有甜，回甘稍慢但较好，汤尚饱满).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wachikasu-wagolide, wowala (汤色金黄明亮).
* **Masamba (pambuyo kuphika):** Obiriwira-wachikasu, ofanana (叶底黄绿匀齐).

Pa tiyi wa Manno wa Bulangshan, kufotokozera kumodzi kumangonena kuti kuwawa kwake ndi kuphwanya kwake ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo tiyi wokha ali "wolemera ndi zinthu" (苦涩味很重，内含物质丰富).

**7. Kupanga kwa Chemical:**

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka.

**8. Ubwino:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kupanga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Chizindikiro sichitchula gulu; malangizo ali pansipa ndi a sheng pu'er, momwe tiyi wa Manno amafotokozedwera m'mabuku a tiyi.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 95-100 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 5-8 g pa 110-150 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan kapena teapot yadothi.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi; tiyi woponderezedwa - atule mosamala, osaphwanya masamba.
    3. Muzimutsuka mwachidule masamba ndi madzi otentha ndikutsanulira.
    4. Madzi oyamba - 10-15 masekondi.
    5. Tsanulirani kwathunthu, osasiya masamba m'madzi.
    6. Onjezerani nthawi ndikutsanulira kulikonse; ngati zopangira ndi zowawa, ndibwino kufupikitsa nthawi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Sheng pu'er amasungidwa pamalo ouma, oyera, olowera mpweya popanda kuwala ndi fungo lachilendo, m'matumba a pepala kapena opumira. Tiyi wotere amasintha ndi zaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mwadala.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe mitengo yaposachedwa m'zolemba zomwe zapezeka. Buku la malonda likuti kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2016, mtengo wa tiyi wa mitengo yakale ya Manno unakwera kuwirikiza khumi; sindingathe kutsimikizira chiwerengerochi.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Funsani kuti ndi Manno iti: dzinali limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi midzi iwiri ya boma, ndipo tiyi wawo ndi wosiyana.
    * Yang'anani chizindikiro cha "勐海曼糯茶" ndikuwona kuti wopanga akuchokera ku boma la Menghai.
    * Kumbukirani za kusakaniza: malinga ndi buku lomwelo, amalonda oipa amasakaniza tiyi wa Manno ndi tiyi wa Lao Man'e ndikupatsa kusakaniza ngati Lao Banzhang.
    * Fananizani maonekedwe ndi mafotokozedwe: masamba akuda opotoka, madzi achikasu-wagolide.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Ku Menghai pali midzi iwiri yotchedwa Manno, ndipo dzina loti "Banzhang wamng'ono" (小[班章](https://thetea.app/ny/article/ban-zhang)) limanena za yomwe ili m'boma la Mengwang.
* Minda ya Manno m'boma la Mengwang ndi minda yakale kwambiri kumpoto kwa boma: mpaka ku mtsinje wa Lancang mwachindunji ndi moposa 10 km.
* Mudziwo umafotokozedwa ngati malo akale opumira pa njira ya tiyi kuchokera ku Menghai kupita ku mtsinje wa Lancang.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wa Menghai:**

* **Lao Banzhang ([老班章](https://thetea.app/ny/article/laobanzhang)):** Choyimira champhamvu cha pu'er wa Bulangshan; kuchokera pamenepo amatchedwa "Banzhang wamng'ono."
* **Lao Man'e ([老曼峨](https://thetea.app/ny/article/lao-man-e)):** Tiyi wowawa wa ku Bulangshan; malinga ndi buku la malonda, ndiye amasakanizidwa ndi Manno popanga chinyengo cha Lao Banzhang.
* **Menghai (勐海):** Boma ndi chizindikiro chake cha umbrella; "勐海曼糯茶" ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zapadera za boma za mapiri ndi midzi.

**Pomaliza:**

Menghai Manno Cha ndi chizindikiro chokhala ndi mafunso ambiri kuposa zolemba: gulu silinatchulidwe, midzi yokhala ndi dzina ili m'boma ndi iwiri. Wodziwika kwambiri ndi yemwe ali m'boma la Mengwang: minda yakale kwambiri kumpoto kwa Menghai, malo akale opumira pa njira ya tiyi, anthu amitundu itatu m'midzi itatu, ndi pu'er yomwe mabuku a tiyi amafotokoza ngati yakuda, yowawa-kuphwanya komanso yotsekemera pambuyo pake.