---
title: "Méixiàn lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/meixian-lucha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Méixiàn lǜchá (梅县绿茶)

**Meixian Lücha** (*Méixiàn lǜchá*, 梅县绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Meixian (梅县区) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Meizhou kum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Chofunikira kwambiri pa tiyi ameneyu n’njira yopangira: tiyi akawumitsidwa amapumula mwezi umodzi, kenako amawothanso pa kutentha kwa 130–180 °C mpaka “fungo la mapira” n’kupatsidwanso mwezi wina wopumula. Zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndi mtundu wa masamba aang’ono a m’deralo, omwe anthu amawatcha “lilime la mbalame,” komanso mitundu yotchedwa m’chikalata 金宣 ndi meizhan (梅占); kuchokera ku meizhan m’dera loyandikana nalo la Dabu amapanga tiyi wa oolong. Dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro chaulimi cha malo, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ngati malonda omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*) — wosapangidwa kupsa. Kalasi yatchulidwa m’dzina, njira ya m’chikalata ndi yobiriwira: kukhazikika, kupota, kuwumitsa m’miphika, ndi kuwothanso.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Chihaka cha Meizhou; malonda omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2025) komanso chizindikiro chaulimi cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), mzinda wa Meizhou (梅州, *Méizhōu*), boma la Meixian (梅县, *Méixiàn*).
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Malinga ndi chikalata cha 2025, ndi matauni 17: Chengjiang (程江), Nankou (南口), Shejiang (畲江), Shuiche (水车), Meinan (梅南), Meixi (梅西), Shikeng (石坑), Daping (大坪), Chengdong (城东), Shishan (石扇), Baidu (白渡), Bingcun (丙村), Yanyang (雁洋), Songkou (松口), Longwen (隆文), Taoyao (桃尧) ndi Songyuan (松源). M’matauniyi muli makomiti akumidzi 355 ndi akumsewu 33.
* **Malo ogwirira ntchito:** 115°47′–116°33′ E, 23°55′–24°48′ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Umboni wakale.** Nkhani ya “Nanfang+” (2025) imanena kuti zida za tiyi zonyezimira zochokera ku manda a nthawi ya Tang, zomwe zinafukulidwa mu 1974 ku Shejiang, zikusonyeza kuti anthu amamwa tiyi ku Meizhou kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Tang, nthawi ya mafumu asanu ndi mibadwo isanu ndi iwiri, ndi kumayambiriro kwa Northern Song, ndipo amonke a kachisi wa Lingguang (灵光寺) pa phiri la Yinashan (阴那山) akhala akubzala ndi kupanga tiyi kuyambira kale. Nkhaniyi sipereka masiku kapena tsatanetsatane wa Meixian Lücha.
    * **Chizindikiro chaulimi.** Dzinali linalembetsedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi pansi pa nambala AGI02982; chaka cholembedwa sichikutchulidwa m’magwero opezeka.
    * **2025.** Bungwe la State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) pa chilengezo nambala 632 cha pa 9 June linavomereza Meixian Lücha ngati malonda omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Wopempha ndi bungwe la tiyi la boma la Meixian (梅州市梅县区茶叶协会).
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi “Nanfang+” (2025), m’bomali muli mahekitala 23,000 a minda ya tiyi, zokolola pachaka ndi matani 1,674, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 500 miliyoni yuan. Nkhaniyi imagawanitsa bomali m’zigawo zitatu za tiyi: kum’mawa (Yanyang, Bingcun), kumadzulo (Shikeng, Meixi, Daping, Nankou) ndi kumwera (Meinan, Shuiche).
* **Ulemu:** Malinga ndi nkhani yomweyi, Meixian ndi boma lachitsanzo la malo oyesera a njira yadziko ya luso la tiyi, limodzi mwa “maboma khumi a zachilengedwe a tiyi m’dziko” komanso boma la chizindikiro cha dera la minda yachilengedwe ya tiyi ku Guangdong.
* **Dzina:** “Meixian” (梅县) ndi dzina la boma, kutanthauza “boma la Mei”; “lücha” (绿茶) ndi “tiyi wobiriwira.”
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Meixian Lücha ndi dzina la boma la tiyi wobiriwira wa Chihaka cha Meizhou, lomwe lili ndi dera lake ndi chikalata chake; m’boma lomweli amatetezedwanso tiyi wina wobiriwira (gawo 13).

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Mitundu yolimidwa:** Malinga ndi chikalata, mtundu wamasamba aang’ono a m’deralo (本地小[叶种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu)), wotchedwa “lilime la mbalame” (鸟舌茶, *niǎoshé chá*), komanso 金宣 ndi meizhan (梅占, *méizhàn*). Mtundu wachiwiri m’chikalata walembedwa 金宣; nkhani ya “Nanfang+” imatchula mtundu wa [金萱](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-xuan) (*jīnxuān*, jinxuan) m’bomali, womwe umawerengedwa chimodzimodzi. Magwero satchula ngati ili ndi kulakwitsa kolemba.
* **Kututa:** Masika kuyambira March mpaka May, nthawi yophukira kuyambira September mpaka November.
* **Mulingo wa kututa:** Chikalata sichiupereka; palibe tsatanetsatane m’magwero opezeka.
* **Zofunika pa zopangira:** Kupatula mtundu ndi nthawi yotuta, palibe tsatanetsatane m’magwero opezeka.

**4. Malo ndi Zochitika pa Kulima:**

* **Nthaka:** Malinga ndi chikalata, nthaka yofiira ndi yachikasu (红、黄壤土) yochindikala osachepera 1 m, zinthu zachilengedwe osachepera 2%, pH **4.5–6.5**.
* **Kubzala:** Kwambiri kwambiri, pafupifupi **mabzala 22,500 pa hekitala**. Kuti pakhale mthunzi, pa hekitala amabzala **mitengo 270–300 ya kamfola** (樟树).
* **Feteleza:** Waukulu kuyambira kumapeto kwa October mpaka kumayambiriro kwa November, 1,500–2,500 kg manyowa pa hekitala. Pambuyo pa kututa kwa masika, feteleza wina; pachaka 300–750 kg ya feteleza wapadera wa tiyi pa hekitala.
* **Kutalika ndi nyengo:** Chikalata sichizipereka. Malinga ndi “Nanfang+” (2025), minda ya tiyi m’bomali ili makamaka m’mapiri a Lianhua (莲花山脉) pa kutalika kwa 400–800 m, kumene kuli chifunga chambiri chaka chonse, chinyezi chachikulu komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku.

**5. Njira Yopangira:**

Chikalata cha 2025 chimapereka ndondomeko yakuti “kufalitsa → kukhazikika → kupota → kuwumitsa (kukweza fungo koyamba) → kukweza fungo kwachiwiri → tiyi womaliza.” Pansipa pali zofunikira zake.

1.  **Kufalitsa (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Masamba atsopano amafalitsidwa pa mphasa za nsungwi mosanjikiza osachepera 10 cm pamalo oyera, ozizira, otsegula mpweya kwa maola 4–8. Chinyezi cha masamba chimatsika kufika pafupifupi 70%: mtundu kuchokera ku wobiriwira kwenikweni umasanduka wobiriwira wakuda, konyezimira kumachoka, fungo la udzu limatsala pang’ono, fungo la maluwa ndi zipatso limatuluka, masamba amakhala ofewa m’manja.
2.  **Kukhazikika (杀青, *shāqīng*):** M’makina, pa 260–280 °C, mphindi 2–4.
3.  **Kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** M’makina, motsatira magawo: popanda kukakamiza, ndi kupanikizika kopepuka, kwapakati, ndi kwamphamvu; pafupifupi mphindi 10.
4.  **Kuwumitsa, kukweza fungo koyamba (干燥, *gānzào*):** M’mphika wopangira tiyi wopota (曲毫炒茶机) pa 250 °C, mpaka kuwuma. Tiyi amapatsidwa mawonekedwe ophimbidwa mwamphamvu, ngati nkhono (螺形).
5.  **Kukweza fungo kwachiwiri (二次提香, *èrcì tíxiāng*):** Pafupifupi masiku 30 pambuyo pa kuwumitsa koyamba, m’makina a gasi oletsa kupota pa 130–180 °C, pafupifupi mphindi 30, mpaka pamwamba pa masamba payera pang’ono ndipo “fungo la mapira” lituluke.
6.  **Tiyi womaliza (成品, *chéngpǐn*):** Pambuyo pa kuwotha kwachiwiri, tiyi amapumulanso pafupifupi masiku 30, kenako amasanjidwa ndi kuyikidwa m’mapaketi.

Njira kuyambira kututa mpaka kupakira imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Kufotokozera pansipa kwachokera ku chikalata cha 2025.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Opota mwamphamvu ndi opindika, obiriwira ndi konyezimira ngati mafuta (条索紧结卷曲，色泽绿润).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Silinafotokozedwe padera; palibe tsatanetsatane m’magwero opezeka.
* **Fungo la tiyi:** “Fungo la mapira” lalitali, lakuthwa komanso losatha (粟香高锐持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano ndi kosangalatsa, kokhuthala, ndi kubwerera kokoma (鲜爽、醇厚回甘).
* **Mtundu wa tiyi:** Wobiriwira wachikasu, wowala (黄绿、明亮).
* **Masamba otayira (masamba ophikidwa):** Obiriwira wobiriwira pang’ono, ofewa, ofanana (嫩绿、柔软、匀整).

Chilembo 粟 ndi “mapira.” Chimafanana ndi 栗 — “mabokosi,” ndipo nkhani ya “Nanfang+” imafotokoza tiyi wa m’derali kuti ndi “fungo la mabokosi” (栗香). Chikalata chimalemba 粟 kawiri; magwero satchula ngati izi ndi zolakwika kapena mawu mwadala.

**7. Zomwe Zili M’kati:**

Miyeso ya chikalata cha 2025:

| Chizindikiro | Muyezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 6.5% |
| Phulusa lonse (pa zinthu zouma) | osapitirira 6.5% |
| Zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka m’madzi | osachepera 36% |
| Ma amino acid aulere | osachepera 2.0% |
| Ma polyphenol a tiyi | osachepera 14% |

Palibe tsatanetsatane wa caffeine m’magwero opezeka.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika pa zochitika za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira. Palibe malangizo apadera m’chikalata.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Njira:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali.
    3. Kupanga koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya gawo lina la tiyi.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kupanga kuwiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. M’mapaketi otsekedwa bwino, m’firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe tsatanetsatane wamitengo m’magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha malonda omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha malo; CNIPA ndiyo imavomereza.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ali m’matauni 17 a boma la Meixian.
    * Masamba owuma akhale opota mwamphamvu, obiriwira ndi konyezimira ngati mafuta; tiyi akhale wobiriwira wachikasu ndi wowala.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Meixian Lücha amakweza fungo kawiri ndikupatsa mpumulo wa mwezi uliwonse: choyamba kuwumitsa pa 250 °C, kenako kuwothanso pa 130–180 °C.
* Malo ogwirira ntchito a Meixian Lücha ndi Dabu Oolong Cha amaphatikizana, koma matauni omwe ali m’ndandanda wawo samabwereza: m’madera oyandikana pali malonda awiri osiyana a magulu awiri osiyana.

**13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wina wa Meizhou:**

* **Dabu Oolong Cha ([大埔乌龙茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dabu-wulong-cha)):** Oolong wa boma loyandikana nalo la Dabu m’boma lomwelo; m’zikalata za tiyi onse awiri amatchula mtundu wa meizhan, koma amapanga magulu osiyana.
* **Jiaoling Lücha ([蕉岭绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jiaoling-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Jiaoling m’boma lomwelo, kuchokera ku mitundu shuixian ndi xiaoye oolong, yodziwika bwino pa oolong.
* **Qingliangshan Cha ([清凉山茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qingliangshan-cha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa mapiri a Qingliangshan m’boma la Meijiang m’boma lomwelo.
* **Matu Lücha ([马图绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/matu-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa boma la Fengshun m’boma lomwelo.

**Pomaliza:**

Meixian Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa Chihaka cha Meizhou, wochokera ku “lilime la mbalame” la m’deralo, meizhan ndi mtundu umene chikalata chimalemba 金宣. Chikalata chake ndi chodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukweza fungo kawiri ndi nthawi ya mwezi pakati: choyamba kuwumitsa m’mphika pa 250 °C mpaka kupota mwamphamvu, kenako kuwothanso mpaka “fungo la mapira.” M’kapu muli tiyi wobiriwira wachikasu, kukoma kwatsopano kokhuthala ndi kubwerera kokoma.