---
title: "Máoyán méichá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/maoyan-meicha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Máoyán méichá (茅岩莓茶)

**Maoyan Meicha** (*Máoyán [méichá](https://thetea.app/ny/article/meicha)*, 茅岩莓茶) ndi chakumwa chochokera ku mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba a mpesa 显齿蛇葡萄 (*Ampelopsis grossedentata*) wa banja la mpesa kuchokera m'chigawo cha Yongding (永定区) m'tauni ya Zhangjiajie, m'chigawo cha Hunan. Mulimonse mulibe tiyi weniweni: nyuzipepala ya «Hunan ribao» imatcha zakumwa zotere «zinthu zofanana ndi tiyi» (类茶制品). Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi pamwamba pake choyera pamasamba, chifukwa chake chakumwacho kale chinkatchedwa 霉茶, «tiyi wa chimbalang'anda». Dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro chaulimi chokhala ndi chidziwitso cha malo kuyambira 2010 komanso ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chidziwitso cha malo kuyambira 2025.

**1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Cholowa m'malo mwa tiyi kuchokera ku masamba a *Ampelopsis grossedentata*, osati tiyi wochokera ku *Camellia sinensis*; sichikhalapo m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi.
* **Gulu:** Chinthu chokhala ndi chidziwitso cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), tauni ya Zhangjiajie (张家界, *Zhāngjiājiè*), chigawo cha Yongding (永定, *Yǒngdìng*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Matauni anayi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Yongding — Luotaping (罗塔坪乡), Qing'anping (青安坪乡), Wentang (温塘镇) ndi Sanjiaguan (三家馆乡). Wopempha mu 2025 ndi Zhangjiajie Meicha Development Service Center (张家界莓茶发展服务中心).
* **Ma coordinates a malo:** 110°04′15″–110°19′23″ kummawa, 29°06′37″–29°24′36″ kumpoto.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano.** Malinga ndi «Hunan ribao» (2019), chakumwachi chinayamba kumapeto kwa mzera wa Yuan ndi kuyamba kwa Ming m'madera a ulamuliro wa Maogang (茅岗土司), ndipo chili ndi zaka zoposa 600, ndipo mbiri yakale ya «Yongding xiangtu zhi» (《永定乡土志》) imatcha ichi «tiyi waumulungu wa Tujia» (土家神茶). Wopanga amalankhula za zaka 700 ndipo amafotokoza nthano — za gulu lankhondo la wopanduka Qin Hou (覃垕), lomwe linapeza mpesa, komanso za kufunafuna kwake kopanda phindu kwa Li Shizhen. Izi ndi nthano, osati zolembedwa.
    * **1993–1995.** Katswiri wa nkhalango adazindikira kuti «tiyi wa chimbalang'anda» wakomweko ndi *Ampelopsis grossedentata* ndipo adautcha dzina 茅岩莓 — kuchokera ku mtsinje komanso ndi mawu ofanana 莓 («chipatso») m'malo mwa 霉 («chimbalang'anda»). Kufufuza m'mabuku mu 1994 ndi 1995 sikunapeze kafukufuku wa chomera kapena chakumwa.
    * **2010.** Malinga ndi Baidu encyclopedia, pa 15 November 2010 Unduna wa Zaulimi udatenga «茅岩莓茶» pansi pa chitetezo ngati chizindikiro chaulimi chokhala ndi chidziwitso cha malo; nambala yolembetsa — AGI00396.
    * **2013.** Malinga ndi chigawo, mtundu wa masamba ang'onoang'ono wa 显齿蛇葡萄 udavomerezedwa ngati chakudya chatsopano.
    * **2018.** Malinga ndi «Hunan ribao», meicha ya Zhangjiajie idavomerezedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chitetezo cha chiyambi cha chilengedwe.
    * **2021.** Padera ndi 茅岩莓茶, chizindikiro chotsimikizira «张家界莓茶» chidalembedwa.
    * **2025.** Chilengezo cha National Intellectual Property Administration No. 640 cha 16 July (patsamba — 13 August) chidavomereza 茅岩莓茶 ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chidziwitso cha malo — malinga ndi uthenga wa oyang'anira msika wa mzinda, kusinthidwa kuchokera ku chizindikiro chaulimi.
* **Dzina:** 茅岩 — mtsinje wa Maoyan (茅岩河), m'chigwa chake chomera chidapezeka ndikutchulidwa; 莓 — «chipatso», mawu ofanana ndi 霉 «chimbalang'anda»; 茶 — tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Kwa Tujia chakumwacho chimatchedwa «tiyi waumulungu», «tiyi wotsekemera» ndi «tiyi wa mame»; chigawo cha Yongding chili ndi dzina la «kwawo kwa meicha».

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Chomera:** 显齿蛇葡萄 (*Ampelopsis grossedentata* (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang), mtundu wa *Ampelopsis* wa banja la mpesa: mpesa wa mtengo wokhala ndi masamba ophatikizana mwa njira ya feather ndi ndodo zokwera. Zopangira — mtundu wa masamba ang'onoang'ono (小[叶种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu)), womwenso umatchedwa «tiyi wa mpesa» (藤茶).
* **Wakuthengo ndi wobzalidwa:** Chitsanzo chomwe mu 1993 chidazindikiritsa chomeracho chidapangidwa kuchokera ku mpesa wakuthengo. Mu 2021, malinga ndi chigawo, ku Yongding kunali mahekitala opitirira 81,000 a meicha, omwe pafupifupi 20,000 anali nkhalango zakuthengo. Zofunikira za 2025 zimalamula kubzala mtundu wosasintha wa masamba ang'onoang'ono, wochulukitsidwa mopanda kugonana (无性繁殖), ndi feteleza ndi kudula m'nyengo yozizira.
* **Kututa (zofunikira za 2025):** M'minda yazaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo — kuyambira April mpaka pakati pa November: mpaka September nsonga zofewa za mpesa, kuyambira September — masamba okhwima a feather. Kututa ndi manja.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Wuling (武陵山), kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Yongding.
* **Kutalika kwa kumera:** Zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025 pakufotokozera chinthu zimatchula **800–1500 m**, monga momwe wopanga amachitira; oyang'anira chigawo amalemba za 400–1500 m.
* **Dothi:** Zofunikira za 2025 — dothi lakuya pamapiri osapitirira 25° ndi pH 4.5–6.5; pakufotokozera chinthu pamenepo — «mwala wofiira wa mchenga» (红砂岩). Oyang'anira chigawo amalemba za dothi la quartz-sandstone, ndipo kwa meicha wakuthengo — za dothi lofiirira la mchenga ndi pH 4.0–6.02.
* **Nyengo:** Chigawo ndi wopanga amalankhula za chifunga chosalekeza; palibe deta ya kutentha ndi mvula m'magwero opezeka.
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi chigawo (2025), meicha mu Yongding yense — pafupifupi mahekitala 115,000.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Zofunikira za 2025 zimalongosola ukadaulo mwatsatanetsatane; zopangira — masamba atsopano a mtundu wapamwamba kapena woyamba.

1.  **Kuyala (摊青, *tānqīng*):** wosanjikiza wa 10–20 cm mu chidebe kapena 3–4 cm pa maukonde; m'chaka 4–6 maola, m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja 2–4.
2.  **Kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** mu makina a microwave a tunnel pa 64–74 °C, mphindi 2–3.
3.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** mphindi 1–2, kwa mtundu wachiwiri 3–4.
4.  **Kupanga makhiristo (析晶, *xījīng*):** masamba mu thumba loyera loyera amasungidwa mu kabati yotentha pa 50–60 °C — m'chilimwe maola 2–2.5, m'chaka ndi m'dzinja 3–4.
5.  **Kuwongola ndi kuyanika (理条、干燥):** kuyanika pang'ono wosanjikiza wa 0.5 cm, kenako maola 2–4 pa 45 °C ndi mphindi 10–15 pa 60–65 °C.

Chigawo chimalongosola ziphuphu zoyera motere: pokonza, ma cell amawonongeka, flavonoids amatuluka pamwamba ndikupanga «chisanu choyera» (白霜). Kufotokozera kwakale kwa chinthu, kwanthawi ya kulembetsa kwaulimi, kunkafuna kukonza malinga ndi muyezo wa organic GB/T 19630.2—2005.

Tsamba la tiyi limalongosolanso njira zopangira pamanja: kukazinga mu poto ndi kuyanika padzuwa (chabwino kwambiri — masamba «akuda ndi oyera» okhala ndi ziphuphu zambiri), kuthira madzi otentha (ziphuphu zochepa, kuwawa), kufufuzika mu mulu (渥沤) ndi kuwawasa pang'ono, ndi kuyanika kosavuta padzuwa (palibe ziphuphu, kukoma kopanda kanthu).

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Zofunikira za chitetezo m'malo mwa makhalidwe a kumva zimapereka nkhani: «mpesa wa moyo wautali» ndi «tiyi waumulungu» (长寿藤、神茶), kukoma kwapadera ndi kutsekemera pambuyo pake ndi «wosanjikiza wa chisanu chachilengedwe cha protein» (蛋白霜).

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Ziphuphu zoyera; pazopangira zabwino, malinga ndi tsamba la tiyi, — masamba «akuda ndi oyera».
* **Nkhwima ya masamba owuma:** Palibe malongosoledwe m'magwero opezeka.
* **Nkhwima ya chakumwa:** Mu lipoti la «Hunan ribao» (2019) lonena za meicha ya Zhangjiajie pa chiwonetsero cha tiyi — «nkhwima yatsopano» (清香).
* **Kukoma:** Kwapadera, ndi kutsekemera pambuyo pake (zofunikira za chitetezo); za meicha ya Yongshun nyuzipepala yomweyo imalemba: kuwawa pang'ono kumayambiriro, ndi kutsekemera kozizira pambuyo pake (入口微苦，回味清凉甘甜).
* **Mtundu wa chakumwa:** Palibe malongosoledwe a chinthu chotetezedwa.
* **Masamba pambuyo kuwira (choyera cha tiyi):** Mu lipoti lomwelo — mphukira zobiriwira zowala (翠绿明亮).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025 zimakhazikitsa mulingo: **flavonoids onse osachepera 6 %**. Chigawo ndi atolankhani amalemba zambiri: malinga ndi chigawo, mu tsinde ndi masamba aang'ono pali pafupifupi 26 % ya flavonoids (kwina patsamba lomwelo — 30 %), mu nsonga — mpaka 43.78 %; «Hunan ribao» imatchulanso dihydromyricetin (二氢杨梅素), ma amino acid 17 ndi ma trace elements 14. Njira ndi zitsanzo sizinaperekedwe; kusiyana ndi mulingo — kuwirikiza katatu.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za chakumwa ichi chenicheni. Zotsatira zamankhwala zomwe chigawo ndi wopanga amazitchula — ndi mawu awo, osati umboni; chivomerezo cha 2013 chimakhudza chakudya.

**9. Kuwira:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Oyang'anira chigawo amalangiza kuwira ndi madzi opitirira 90 °C ndi popanda kutsuka; pa chiwonetsero, malinga ndi lipoti la «Hunan ribao», adawira ndi madzi otentha mu kapu. Pansipa — magawo wamba a masamba owuma, omwe amawiridwa ngati tiyi.

* **Magawo:** 95–100 °C, 2–3 g pa 150–200 ml, kuwira koyamba mphindi 2–3, kenako kuthira kangapo.
* **Ziwiya:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Mu paketi yolimba, pamalo owuma, oyera, kutali ndi fungo ndi kuwala.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m'magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha chidziwitso cha malo ndi wopanga kuchokera ku matauni anayi a malo otetezedwa.
    * Chomera chokha sichitsimikizira chiyambi: mpesa womwewo umagulitsidwa ngati [永顺莓茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yongshun-meicha), 凤凰雪茶, 恩施藤茶 ndi mayina ena.
    * Musasokoneze mayina atatu: «茅岩莓茶» — chinthu chotetezedwa, «张家界莓茶» — chizindikiro cha chigawo, «茅岩莓» — chizindikiro cha kampani yapayekha.
    * Palibe ziphuphu zoyera — mwina, kuyanika kosavuta padzuwa.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* «Tiyi wa chipatso» sanatchulidwe chifukwa cha zipatso: 莓 adalowa m'malo mwa mawu ofanana 霉, «chimbalang'anda», kuti asaopseze ogula ndi ziphuphu zoyera.
* M'munda waukulu, mpesa, malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo, umathyoledwa 20–25 pa chaka.
* Chomera chidazindikiridwa pa 12 April 1993; malinga ndi «Hunan ribao», opanga tiyi amakumbukira tsikuli malinga ndi kalendala ya mwezi ngati tsiku lobadwa la makampani.

**13. Kufanizira ndi tiyi oyandikana nawo ndi «tiyi»:**

* **Zhangjiajie Cha ([张家界茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/zhangjiajie-cha)):** Chizindikiro cha chigawo cha tiyi weniweni, cholembetsedwa pamodzi ndi «张家界莓茶».
* **Yongshun Meicha (永顺莓茶):** Mpesa womwewo wa chigawo choyandikana ndi Yongshun; malinga ndi «Hunan ribao», watetezedwa kuyambira 2004, pamenepo pansi pa dzina 溪州莓茶 (magwero ena amatchula 2005).
* **Laifeng Tengcha ([来凤藤茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/laifeng-tengcha)):** Mpesa womwewo wa chigawo cha Laifeng cha Hubei, chinthu chotetezedwa kuyambira 2013.
* **Guanshan Lianqiao Cha ([冠山连翘茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/guanshan-lianqiao-cha)):** Masamba a forsythia ochokera ku Shanxi, omwenso adavomerezedwa ndi chilengezo No. 640.

**Pomaliza:**

Maoyan Meicha si tiyi, koma masamba a mpesa ochokera m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Maoyan okhala ndi ziphuphu zoyera za «chisanu» ndi siteji yapadera ya «kupanga makhiristo» mu ukadaulo. Zofunikira za chitetezo ndi zatsatanetsatane ndipo zimasonyeza kuti chinthu chidasamuka kuchoka pa mpesa wakuthengo kupita ku minda, ndipo mulingo wa flavonoids wa 6 % uli kutali ndi makumi anayi odziwika a malonda.