---
title: "Máchéng fúbáijú"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/macheng-fubaiju
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Máchéng fúbáijú (麻城福白菊)

**Machéng Fúbáijú** (*Máchéng fúbáijú*, 麻城福白菊) ndi maluwa oyera a Chrysanthemum a Machéng "fúbái": maluwa owumitsidwa a chrysanthemum ochokera kumapiri a kumpoto kwa mzinda wa Machéng (麻城市) m'chigawo cha Húběi, kum'mwera kwa mapiri a Dàbiéshān (大别山). Ichi si tiyi wochokera ku masamba a chomera cha tiyi, koma madzi a chrysanthemum omwe amamwa malinga ndi chizolowezi cha tiyi; magwero a ku China amatcha fúbáijú mankhwala achikhalidwe omwe amadyedwanso ndi kumwa (药食兼用). Dzinali latetezedwa ku China kuyambira 2008, ndipo kuyambira 2021, ku European Union, komwe limalembedwa m'gulu la tiyi.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Madzi a maluwa, choloweza mmalo mwa tiyi (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*); mulibe masamba a *Camellia sinensis*, choncho palibe gulu la tiyi pa mankhwalawa.
* **Gulu mu EU:** Malinga ndi malongosoledwe a kaundula wa EU, mankhwalawa ali m'gulu la "zinthu zina za Annex I: tiyi" ndipo amatanthauzira dzinali ngati "tiyi wa chrysanthemum wa Machéng". Ili ndi gulu lazamalonda, osati la zomera.
* **Gulu:** Mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (geographical indication) pansi pa machitidwe atatu a ku China ndi mu EU (gawo 2).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北, *Húběi*), mzinda wa Huánggāng (黄冈, *Huánggāng*), mzinda wa Machéng (麻城, *Máchéng*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Malinga ndi malongosoledwe a EU, ndi matauni asanu ndi midzi ya kumpoto kwa Machéng yokhala ndi malo a 1520.7 km². Dera lalikulu ndi tawuni ya Fútiánhé (福田河镇); kulima kochuluka kuli ku Huángtǔgǎng (黄土岗), Chéngmǎgǎng (乘马岗), Sānhékǒu (三河口) ndi Shùnhéjí (顺河集). Derali limadutsana ndi Hénán kumpoto ndi Ānhuī kum'mawa.
* **Ma coordinates:** 114°45′–115°20′ E ndi 31°20′–31°40′ N (malinga ndi malongosoledwe).

**2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **M'badwo wa Sòng.** Xīnhuá ndi ofesi ya China ku EU amalemba kuti chrysanthemum yakhala ikulimidwa ku Machéng kuyambira m'badwo wa Sòng.
    * **997, malinga ndi mwambo.** Nkhani ya m'deralo imati maluwawo ankamera m'tchire pamwamba pa Dàbiéshān, ndipo mu 997 Atawu a Chúnyángsì (纯阳寺) ku Fútiánhé anawatumiza kuzungulira phiri la Chúnyángshān.
    * **Míng ndi Qīng.** Malinga ndi nkhani yomweyo, mothandizidwa ndi anthu a ku Machéng - akuluakulu Zhèng Yǐwěi (郑以伟), Méi Guózhēn (梅国桢) ndi Méi Zhīhuàn (梅之焕) - kulima kunachoka m'mabwalo kupita ku minda, ndipo akuluakulu a m'deralo anayamba kupereka chrysanthemum ngati msonkho.
    * **2008.** Unduna wa Zaulimi, ndi chilengezo cha No. 1054 cha pa 1 July, unalemba dzinali mu kaundula wa geographical indications wa zinthu zaulimi, m'gulu loyamba la zinthu 28.
    * **2009.** Chizindikiro cha malonda; miyezi imasiyana m'magwero: October ndi December.
    * **2014.** Chitetezo monga mankhwala okhala ndi geographical indication, chilengezo cha No. 39 cha General Administration of Quality Supervision. Tsiku limasiyana m'magwero: 8 April ndi 5 May; nyuzipepala ya mafakitale mu 2017 inalemba kuti mankhwalawa anapambana kuyesedwa kwa bungwe loyang'anira pa 10 December 2013.
    * **2021.** Pangano la China ndi EU linayamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 March; fúbáijú ali m'ndandanda woyamba wa "100+100", mu kaundula wa EU ngati protected geographical indication (dossier PGI-CN-2746). M'chaka chomwecho, muyezo wa chigawo wa DB42/T 334-2021 "地理标志产品 麻城福白菊" unasindikizidwa (1 April, kugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 June).
* **Dzina:** Pali matanthauzidwe atatu. Xīnhuá: chifukwa cha maluwa akulu ndi maluwa oyera. Ofesi ya China ku EU: chifukwa cha tawuni ya Fútiánhé. Nkhani ya m'deralo, yomwe imanenedwa ngati "akuti": m'chinenero cha m'deralo 湖北 (*Húběi*) amamveka ngati 福白 (*fúbái*), ndipo "chrysanthemum ya Húběi" inakhala "fúbái".
* **Chikhalidwe:** Zolemba za m'deralo zimayika fúbáijú mu gulu la "maluwa atatu oyera a chrysanthemum a ku China" pamodzi ndi chrysanthemum yoyera ya Hángzhōu ku Zhèjiāng ndi chrysanthemum yoyera ya Yánchéng ku Jiāngsū.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Chomera:** Chrysanthemum morifolium; m'mabuku a patent amatchedwa *C. morifolium* cv. Fubaiju.
* **Mndandanda:** Patent yomwe imatchula nkhani ya 2011 mu "湖北农业科学" imasiyanitsa mndandanda woyera (白菊) ndi wagolide (金菊); mndandanda woyera umaphatikizapo "yoyera yayikulu yamtima wofiira" (红心大白菊) ndi "yoyera yaying'ono" (小白菊).
* **Mayina ena:** 福田白菊, 湖北菊, 甘菊; pamsika wa mankhwala achikhalidwe amatchedwa "duwa la Húběi" (湖北花).
* **Maluwa:** 2–5 cm; masamba a maluwa pafupifupi 22–25 mm kutalika ndi 5–7 mm m'lifupi (malongosoledwe a EU).
* **Zopangira:** Maluwa otseguka ndi maluwa osatseguka - "chrysanthemum ya mwana" (胎菊, *tāijú*).

**4. Terroir ndi Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a kumpoto kwa Machéng; Fútiánhé ali pa malo ogawa madzi a Yangtze ndi Huái, pafupi ndi gwero la mtsinje wa Jǔshuǐ.
* **Kutalika:** Magwero amasiyana: malongosoledwe a EU amati 200–800 m, nkhani ya 2014 imati 600–1000 m.
* **Nthaka:** Ya chikasu-bulauni, yakuya, yosunga chinyezi; organic matter 1.5 %, pH 6.0–7.5 (malongosoledwe).
* **Nyengo:** Kutentha kwapachaka 13–16 °C, maola a dzuwa 1634–2249, mvula 1112.2–1688.7 mm, masiku opanda chisanu 237; chilengezo cha 2014 chimawonjezera kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku.
* **Kukula kwake:** Ziwerengero zimasiyana: nyuzipepala ya mafakitale mu 2017 imati kuposa 100,000 mu, ofesi ya EU mu 2021 imati 80,000 mu, Xīnhuá mu 2023 imati pafupifupi mahekitala 2000.

**5. Njira Yopangira:**

* **Kukolola:** Malinga ndi lipoti la "Húběi Rìbào" (November 2023), nthawi yayikulu yokolola maluwa ndi maluwa osatseguka ndi November; maluwa amathyoledwa ndi chala chachikulu ndi chala choloza.
* **Kukonza koyamba** (momwemo, m'dera la Yántóuyuán, tawuni ya Huángtǔgǎng):
    1. Kusankha malinga ndi magulu ndi kuchotsa zonyansa.
    2. Kukonza pa mzere wotchedwa "kukhazikitsa ndi kupha tizilombo" (杀青脱毒).
    3. Kuyanika koyamba pa kutentha kwakukulu kumawumitsa mbali yakunja ya maluwa.
    4. Kuzizira.
    5. Kuyanika kwachiwiri.
* **Kumaliza:** M'mafakitale a mzinda, mankhwala omwe sanamalizidwe amawumitsidwa, amayikidwa m'matumba ndi kulembedwa.
* **Njira yakale:** Malinga ndi lipoti la m'deralo, kumayambiriro kwa kusintha, mabanja ankaphika maluwa mu "makeke" ndi kuwumitsa padzuwa; pambuyo pake njira za microwave ndi nthunzi zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
* **Muyezo:** Njira imakhazikitsidwa ndi muyezo wa chigawo wa DB42/T 334-2021; malemba ake sanawerengedwe, magawo sanatchulidwe.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona:**

Kufotokoza kofanana kuli mu chilengezo cha 2014, ku Xīnhuá ndi mu malongosoledwe a EU.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Palibe masamba, mankhwala ndi maluwa: akulu ndi onenepa (朵大肥厚), masamba a maluwa oyera ngati jade (花瓣玉白), pakati pake ndi yachikasu chakuda (花蕊深黄).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokoza m'magwero opezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Oyeretsedwa, opepuka (气清香).
* **Kukoma:** Kotsekemera ndi kofewa (味甘醇美).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wowonekera, wachikasu-golide ndi wobiriwira pang'ono (汤液清澈、金黄带绿).
* **Masamba pambuyo pophika:** Palibe kufotokoza m'magwero opezeka.

**7. Zomwe Zili M'kati:**

| Chizindikiro | Malongosoledwe a EU | Chilengezo cha 2014 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Ma flavonoids onse | 3.0–8.2 % | osachepera 5 % |
| Chlorogenic acid | 0.18–0.35 % | osachepera 0.25 % |

Miyeso yakumunsi ndi yotsika kuposa ya 2014; momwe izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi muyezo wa 2021 sizingadziwike popanda malemba ake.

**8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za mankhwalawa. Njira za mankhwala achikhalidwe ("kuchotsa kutentha", "kuwunikira maso") sizikufotokozedwa apa monga zotsimikizika.

**9. Kuphika:**

Njira ya gulu ili ndi ya madzi a chrysanthemum. 3–5 g ya maluwa pa 200–250 ml ya madzi 85–95 °C, kapu yagalasi kapena gàiwǎn, mphindi 2–4 pa kuphika koyamba, kuphika kawiri kapena kanayi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu ili. Pamalo ouma, amdima, mu chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, kutali ndi fungo: maluwa osungidwa amatenga chinyezi ndipo amataya fungo mwachangu.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe deta yamitengo m'magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical indication; opanga m'derali amalandira ufulu kuchokera ku bungwe la mafakitale a chrysanthemum la Machéng.
    * Onetsetsani kuti zikuchokera m'matauni asanu a kumpoto kwa Machéng.
    * Yerekezerani maonekedwe ndi muyezo: maluwa akulu onenepa, masamba oyera, pakati pake yachikasu chakuda.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Dzina limodzi limatetezedwa ndi zida zinayi: kaundula wa zinthu zaulimi, chizindikiro cha malonda, machitidwe a bungwe loyang'anira ndi kaundula wa EU.
* M'malemba achingelezi, mwiniwake amatchedwa "bungwe la chrysanthemum yodalitsika": chilembo 福 chinamasuliridwa monga "dalitso".
* Zaka za chikhalidwe zimasiyana m'magwero: "kuyambira m'badwo wa Sòng" ndi "pafupifupi zaka 1500" (monga amalembera "Húběi Rìbào" mu 2023 ndi "Nóngmín Rìbào" mu 2024); ndi deti ya Sòng, nambala yachiwiri siyigwirizana.

**13. Kufanizira ndi ma chrysanthemum ena ndi tiyi:**

* **Tiyi wa Chrysanthemum ([菊花茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/juhua-cha)):** Nkhani ya gulu lonse ya madzi a chrysanthemum.
* **Huángshān Gòngjú ([黄山贡菊](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huangshan-gongju)):** Chrysanthemum ya ku Shèxiàn, chigawo cha Ānhuī, yomwenso ili ndi geographical indication.
* **Machéng Guīshān Lǜchá ([麻城龟山绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/macheng-gui-shan-lucha)):** Tiyi weniweni wobiriwira wa mzinda womwewo wa Machéng.

**Pomaliza:**

Machéng Fúbáijú ndi chrysanthemum yoyera yayikulu ndi pakati pake yachikasu chakuda yochokera kumatauni asanu amapiri a kumpoto kwa Machéng. Zolemba za iyo ndi zambiri kuposa za tiyi wambiri, koma zimasiyana pa kutalika kwa dera ndi mfundo za chlorogenic acid, ndipo mankhwalawo si tiyi, koma madzi a chrysanthemum.