---
title: "Lóngjǐng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/longjing-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Lóngjǐng chá (龙井茶)

**Longjing Cha** (*Lóngjǐng chá*, 龙井茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa m'chigawo cha Zhejiang, wokazingidwa mu m'phika, ndipo dzina lotetezedwa monga chizindikiro cha malo malinga ndi muyezo wa dziko GB/T 18650-2008. Dera lagawidwa m'madera atatu, Xihu, Qiantang ndi Yuezhou, ndipo limaphimba maboma 18, mizinda ndi zigawo m'maboma anayi a mizinda. Nkhaniyi ndi ya dzina lonse; tiyi wa dera la Xihu, yekhayo amene ali ndi ufulu wotchedwa "xihu longjing", wafotokozedwa padera.

**1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Muyezowu umatanthauzira longjing monga tiyi wobiriwira wosalala (扁形绿茶, *biǎnxíng lǜchá*) wochokera ku masamba a mitundu yovomerezeka, otengedwa ndi kukonzedwa mwa luso lachikhalidwe m'dera lotetezedwa, ndi mikhalidwe ya "色绿、香郁、味醇、形美" ndi mtundu wobiriwira, fungo lambiri, kukoma kofewa, mawonekedwe okongola.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wophika mum'phika; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*): malinga ndi mndandanda wa muyezo, madera a mizinda ya Hangzhou ndi Shaoxing ndi mafolodi ndi matauni ena a maboma a Pan'an ndi Dongyang (boma la Jinhua) ndi Tiantai (boma la Taizhou).
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Malinga ndi GB/T 18650-2008:
    * **Xihu (西湖产区, *Xīhú chǎnqū*)** ndi dera la Xihu mumzinda wa Hangzhou, kuphatikizapo malo okongola a Xihu.
    * **Qiantang (钱塘产区, *Qiántáng chǎnqū*)** ndi Xiaoshan, Binjiang, Yuhang, Fuyang, Lin'an, Tonglu, Jiande ndi Chun'an.
    * **Yuezhou (越州产区, *Yuèzhōu chǎnqū*)** ndi Shaoxing, Yuecheng, Xinchang, Shengzhou ndi Zhuji zonse pamodzi ndi mafolodi ndi matauni ena a Shangyu, Pan'an, Dongyang ndi Tiantai. Mu muyezo mwalembedwa "Shaoxing" (boma); m'mabuku a 2019 m'malo mwake watchulidwa dera la Keqiao.
* **Kusiyana:** Wikipedia yaku China imawerengera maboma 12 kwathunthu ndi mbali zina zinayi, osati monga muyezo umanenera; mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magawidwe a utsogoleri.
* **Zogwirizira za malo:** Hangzhou pafupifupi 30.25° kumpoto ndi 120.15° kummawa.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Dzina.** Dzinali limagwirizana ndi malo a Longjing m'dera la Xihu; Wikipedia yaku China imatchula mawu akale akuti kasupe wa Longhong (龙泓) "tsopano amatchedwa Longjing". Mwambi umati mfumu Qianlong adatcha tchire khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pafupi ndi kachisi wa Hugong kuti "mwachifumu".
    * **2002.** Muyezo wokakamiza wa dziko GB 18650-2002 "Chinthu chokhala ndi dzina lotetezedwa la malo. Longjing".
    * **2008.** Pa 15 July adasindikizidwa, kuyambira 1 October adayamba kugwira ntchito GB/T 18650-2008 "Chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Longjing". Adakhala wongolanga, malamulo achitetezo adasamutsidwa ku GB 2762 ndi GB 2763, ndipo chofunikira chinawonjezedwa: kukonza ndi makina kuyenera kugwirizana ndi luso la longjing.
    * **2008.** Malinga ndi buku la encyclopedia, luso la xihu longjing lidalowa m'ndandanda wa dziko wa cholowa chosagwira (nambala Ⅷ-148).
    * **2012.** Lamulo lachigawo la kukonza DB33/T 239-2012 lidalowa m'malo mwa lamulo la makina la 1999 ndipo linawonjezera kukonza ndi manja.
    * **2022.** Pa 29 November UNESCO inalemba mu mndandanda wake "Luso lachikhalidwe la kukonza tiyi ku China ndi miyambo yokhudzana nayo"; luso la xihu longjing lili mbali ya udindo.
    * **2024.** Chilengezo cha Bungwe la Dziko la Katundu Wanzeru ku China (CNIPA) nambala 597 cha 27 September 2024 chinalola chizindikiro chapadera cha malo kwa mabizinesi ena anayi a longjing.
    * **2025.** Pa nsanja ya miyezo ya dziko pa 4 August 2025 adalemba kuwunikiridwa kwa GB/T 18650-2008 ndi chigamulo "chimakhalabe chogwira ntchito".
* **Dzina:** 龙 ndi "chinjoka", 井 ndi "chitsime": "tiyi wa Chitsime cha Chinjoka".
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** "Longjing" ndi madera onse atatu, "xihu longjing" ndi dera la Xihu lokha, lokhala ndi miyezo yakeyake.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu:** Muyezowu umalola mitundu ya Longjing (龙井群体), Longjing 43, Longjing changye, Yingshuang (迎霜), mtundu wa Jiukeng (鸠坑种) ndi mitundu ina yovomerezeka yoyenera longjing. Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a wolemba muyezo, m'gululi muli Jia Ming nambala 1 (嘉茗一号), wotchedwa Wuniu zao ([乌牛早](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wuniu-zao)) m'chiyankhulo cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
* **Qunti ndi Longjing 43:** Malinga ndi zolemba za bungwe la mzinda wa Hangzhou, qunti ([群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong), *qúntǐ zhǒng*) ndi gulu la mbewu zakumaloko, Longjing 43 ndi mtundu woyamba wa clone wochokera ku Institute of Tea ya China Academy of Agricultural Sciences kuchokera ku gulu lomwelo; palibe woposa mnzake.
* **Kuthyola:** Amayamba pamene pa lalikulu mita imodzi ya korona pali masamba 10-15 a mtundu woyenera; m'chaka, tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lina, ndi manja, tsamba limodzi (提手采).
* **Muyezo wa zopangira:** Masitepe asanu a masamba atsopano, kuchokera ku mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi lotseguka pang'ono, mphukira yaitali kuposa tsamba, kutalika osapitirira 2.5 cm (wapamwamba kwambiri), mpaka mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu kutalika mpaka 4.5 cm (wachinayi). Tsamba lochepera sitepe yachinayi siligwiritsidwa ntchito pa longjing.

**4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Malinga ndi muyezo, mapiri ndi zitunda za m'mitsinje ya Qiantang ndi Cao'e; kutentha, mvula yambiri, mpweya wachinyezi.
* **Dothi:** Nthawi zambiri dothi lofiira lachikasu ndi mitundu yake, pH 4.3-6.5.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Muyezowu sutanthauzira kutalika; palibe deta m'mabuku opezeka.
* **Njira zaulimi:** Malinga ndi muyezo, kulima kwa 10-15 cm m'nyengo ndi 20-30 cm m'dzinja, nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu nthawi zambiri 3: 1: 1.
* **Kuchuluka:** Malinga ndi nkhani ya atolankhani a Hangzhou, mu 2018 longjing inapangidwa matani 22,000. Yuezhou amapanga kwambiri, kenako Qiantang; dera la Xihu limapanga magawo ochepa chabe a zokolola, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kumodzi pafupifupi 3.5 peresenti.

**5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:**

Muyezowu umapereka ndondomeko yayikulu: **kufota (摊放, *tānfàng*) ndi kukazinga koyamba (青锅, *qīngguō*) ndi kuzizira ndi kupuma (摊凉回潮, *tānliáng huícháo*) ndi kukazinga kwachiwiri (辉锅, *huīguō*)**. Kukazinga ndi manja kumachitika ndi njira khumi: 抓, 抖, 搭, 榻, 捺, 推, 扣, 甩, 磨, 压.

Lamulo lachigawo DB33/T 239-2012 limapereka manambala:

1. **Kufota:** maola 6-12, wosanjikiza wa tsamba la sitepe yachiwiri ndi pamwamba osapitirira 30 mm, mpaka chinyezi chitsike kufika (70 ± 2) peresenti.
2. **Qingguo yamanja:** mphika 150-200 °C, kwa sitepe yapamwamba kwambiri 150-170 °C ndi 100-150 g ya tsamba pa mphika, kwa masitepe apansi zambiri; mphindi 12-14, mpaka chinyezi pafupifupi 40 peresenti.
3. **Kupuma:** mphindi 30-60, kuti chinyezi chifanane pa mphukira, tsinde ndi tsamba.
4. **Huiguo wamanja:** 200-250 g pa mphika kwa masitepe apamwamba, mphindi 15-20, mpaka chinyezi chosapitirira 6.5 peresenti; kumapeto amachotsa ubweya, ndipo tsamba lokonzedwa limasweka ndi zala.
5. **Njira ya makina:** qingguo mu makina pa 220-260 °C kwa mphindi 4-6, kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe ndi kuumitsa mu ng'oma.
6. **Kuyika laimu (收灰, *shōuhuī*):** masiku 10-15 pafupi ndi laimu wosaphika pa chiŵerengero cha tiyi ndi laimu 5: 1, kudzera mu pepala kapena nsalu yoyera.

**6. Makhalidwe a Ziwalo:**

Muyezowu umagawaniza tiyi m'masitepe asanu ndi limodzi, wapamwamba kwambiri ndi woyamba mpaka wachisanu. Kwa wapamwamba kwambiri:

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Lathyathyathya, losalala, lonyezimira, lowongoka, lokhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa; wobiriwira wofewa, watsopano; wofanana, wandiweyani, woyera (扁平光润、挺直尖削；嫩绿鲜润).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Padera muyezowu sulifotokoza.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Loyera latsopano ndi lolimbikira (清香持久); pa sitepe yachisanu lofanana (平和).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsekemera ndi kolimbikitsa (鲜醇甘爽).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira wofewa, wowala, woyera (嫩绿明亮、清澈); pa sitepe yachisanu wachikasu wobiriwira.
* **Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa):** Mphukira zofewa zofewa ndi tsamba, zotseguka ngati "maluwa", zofanana, zobiriwira zofewa ndi zowala (芽叶细嫩成朵).

Mawu a anthu a "zabwino zinayi" amati "味甘", muyezowu umati "味醇".

**7. Zomwe Zili mu Mankhwala:**

Muyezowu umapereka miyeso ya thupi ndi mankhwala:

| Chizindikiro | Wapamwamba, 1, 2 masitepe | 3, 4, 5 masitepe |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi, osapitirira | 6.5 % | 7.0 % |
| Phulusa lonse, osapitirira | 6.5 % | 7.0 % |

Kwa masitepe onse zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi osachepera 36.0%, fumbi ndi zidutswa osapitirira 1.0%. Muyezo mulibe miyeso ya ma amino acid ndi polyphenols.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyi uyu.

**9. Kuphika:**

Njira ya kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80-85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chotengera:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndi kutsanulira madzi m'mbali.
    3. Mphindi yoyamba pakatha masekondi 40-60.
    4. Mwani, kusiya mbali ya madzi, ndikutsanuliranso madzi.
    5. Kubwereza kuwiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Malinga ndi muyezo, m'nyumba yosungira yoyera, youma, yozizira yopanda fungo, ndi laimu kapena kuzizira, pafupifupi 5 °C, popanda dzuwa kapena chinyezi. Kunyumba, mwa kalasi, phukusi lotsekedwa mufiriji; bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m'mabuku opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Longjing amatchedwa tiyi wa madera atatu okha; tiyi wofanana wochokera kwina, malinga ndi mmodzi wa olemba muyezo (2019), ndi "tiyi wosalala" chabe (扁形茶).
    * Mabizinesi ovomerezeka amaika chizindikiro chapadera cha malo ndipo malinga ndi muyezo amatchula dera, Xihu, Qiantang kapena Yuezhou.
    * "Xihu longjing" ndi yovomerezeka kwa dera la Xihu lokha.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Muyezo wa 2002 unali wokakamiza, muyezo wa 2008 ndi wongolanga.
* Kusunga tiyi wokonzedwa pafupi ndi laimu wosaphika kumatchulidwa mu muyezo wa dziko, ndipo lamulo lachigawo limapereka manambala: masiku 10-15, tiyi kwa laimu 5: 1.
* Mawu a anthu amalonjeza kukoma "kotsekemera", koma muyezowu umati "kofewa".

**13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena:**

* **Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xihu-longjing)):** Tiyi wa dera la Xihu ndi gawo lopapatiza kwambiri mkati mwa dzina, ndi miyezo yakeyake.
* **Yuexiang Long Jing ([越乡龙井](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yuexiang-long-jing)) ndi Dafo Long Jing ([大佛龙井](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dafu-long-jing)):** Longjing ya Shengzhou ndi Xinchang, dera la Yuezhou.
* **Qiandao Yu Ye ([千岛玉叶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiandao-yu-ye)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa Chun'an, boma lomwe lili m'dera la Qiantang.
* **Sanxia Long Jing ([三峡龙井](https://thetea.app/ny/article/sanxia-long-jing)):** Tiyi wa Hubei wa luso la longjing; Hubei sali m'dera la muyezo.

**Pomaliza:**

Longjing Cha si munda umodzi, koma dzina lokhala ndi malire omveka: madera atatu, magawo 18 a utsogoleri ndi muyezo umodzi, womwe umakhazikitsa mitundu, masitepe asanu a masamba atsopano, masitepe asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi wokonzedwa ndi luso la kukazinga kawiri mum'phika. Tsamba lathyathyathya losalala, fungo latsopano ndi mtundu wobiriwira wofewa ndi chizindikiro chofanana kwa madera onse atatu; "xihu longjing" mkati mwa chimango ichi ndi nkhani yosiyana.