---
title: "Lāgōu gōnggǎn yáochá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/lagou-gonggan-yaocha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Lāgōu gōnggǎn yáochá (拉沟公敢瑶茶)

**Lagou Gonggan Yaocha** (*Lāgōu gōnggǎn yáochá*, 拉沟公敢瑶茶) ndi tiyi wochokera ku mitengo yakale ya tiyi ya phiri la Gonggan m'mudzi wa Daping (大坪村) m'chigawo cha Lagou (拉沟乡) m'boma la Luzhai (鹿寨县) mumzinda wa Liuzhou, dera la Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous. Palibe chizindikiritso cha malo. Mu Epulo 2026, chizindikiro chanthawi zonse cha malonda cha "公敢" chinalembetsedwa, ndipo pempho la chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya malo likukonzedwabe ndi boma, ndipo dzina la chizindikiro chamtsogolo limalembedwa mosiyanasiyana m'malembedwe ake, "拉沟公敢瑶茶" kapena "拉沟公敢茶". Gulu silinakhazikitsidwe ndi chikalata chilichonse: chinthu chachikulu cha fakitale ya "公敢瑶茶" malinga ndi malongosoledwe a kupanga ndi tiyi wofiira, koma pansi pa dzina la "公敢" amapanganso wobiriwira, ndipo kuchokera ku masamba a mitengo yosungidwa, malinga ndi malipoti a 2026, amatha kupanganso woyera.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Sinakhazikitsidwe. Palibe mulingo, zofunikira za khalidwe, kapena chikalata cha chizindikiro chomwe chingakhazikitse gulu, ndipo malipoti a boma amalongosola magulu angapo pansi pa dzina limodzi. Wofiira: dipatimenti yaulimi ya mzinda wa Liuzhou inanena kuti mu 2023 akatswiri adathandizira kupanga tiyi wofiira kuchokera ku mitengo yakale ([古树](https://thetea.app/ny/article/gushu-dashu-taidi-yesheng)红茶), ndipo m'chaka cha 2024 kuchokera ku masamba a mitengo yakale ya Lagou adapanga makilogalamu oposa 4000 a tiyi wofiira; lipoti la chigawo la 2023 limatcha madzi a tiyi kukhala ofiira, malipoti a 2025 ndi 2026 amalongosola kufota, kupota ndi kufufuta kwa fakitale, ndipo lipoti la boma la Julayi 2025 limanena za "ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa tiyi wofiira" (传统红茶技艺). Wobiriwira: mu 2017 chigawo chinalemba kuti tiyi wa mitengo yakale ya Gonggan amapangidwa pamanja "mwachikhalidwe cha kumudzi" (土法) ndi kukonza (杀青), kupota ndi kuyanika; mu Epulo 2025 ku fakitale adakonza tiyi wa mkaka kuchokera ku "公敢红茶" ndi "公敢绿茶", ndipo lipoti la gulu la ophunzira la Julayi 2026 limatcha kukonza (杀青) mu holo ya fakitale. Woyera: malinga ndi malipoti a Epulo 2026, munthu amene wasunga mtengo akhoza kupanga kuchokera ku masamba ake ku fakitale tiyi wobiriwira, wofiira kapena woyera, ndipo mlendo wochokera ku yunivesite yaulimi adanena kuti adalawa tiyi wa Gonggan wa magulu onse atatu.
* **Gulu lalikulu:** Tiyi wa mitengo yakale ya tiyi ya Guangxi; dzina la malo, osati la gulu.
* **Mkhalidwe wa chitetezo:** Si chizindikiritso cha malo. Chizindikiro chanthawi zonse cha malonda cha "公敢" chinalembetsedwa kwa malo a utumiki waulimi wa chigawo cha Lagou, satifiketi yoperekedwa pa 22 Epulo 2026. Pempho la chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya malo, malinga ndi lipoti la dipatimenti yoyang'anira msika wa boma la Epulo chomwecho, likukonzedwabe; palibe pempho loperekedwa kapena dera lofunsidwa lomwe lapezeka m'malemba opezeka. Mu kafukufuku womaliza wa boma wa 2021-2025 (Ogasiti 2026), chizindikiro chokha cha malo cholembetsedwa m'boma ndi "寨沙头菜", masamba.
* **Dzina la chizindikiro chamtsogolo:** Silinakhazikike. Yankho la boma, lofalitsidwa mu Febuluwale 2026, likunena za kusonkhanitsa zinthu za "拉沟公敢瑶茶"; pempho lenileni ku boma ndi lipoti la dipatimenti yoyang'anira msika la Epulo 2026 ndi za chizindikiro cha "拉沟公敢茶". Malipoti a boma amatcha tiyi mwina "公敢瑶茶", "公敢茶", kapena "公敢[古树茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/gu-shu-cha)".
* **Chiyambi:** China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, *Guǎngxī*), mzinda wa Liuzhou (柳州, *Liǔzhōu*), boma la Luzhai (鹿寨, *Lùzhài*), chigawo cha Lagou (拉沟, *Lāgōu*), mudzi wa Daping, phiri la Gonggan.
* **Malo a geographic:** Chigawo cha Lagou ndi pafupifupi 24.6° N ndi 110.0° E.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Zaka.** Pempho la membala wa bungwe la upangiri wa ndale la boma (yankho lofalitsidwa mu 2026) limatcha zaka za mitengo "mazana ngakhale zikwi", popanda kuyeza, ndipo mbiri ya tiyi ndi yoposa zaka mazana atatu. Malipoti a boma ndi ocheperako: mu 2017 mitengo inafotokozedwa ngati ya zaka zana, kutalika kwa 4-5 m, ndipo pambuyo pa kafukufuku, malinga ndi lipoti la 2026, m'mundamo adapeza mitengo 40 yoposa zaka zana. Pempho la nthumwi ya msonkhano wa mzinda wa Liuzhou (2024) limayika chiyambi cha kulima, kusamutsa mbande zakutchire kupita ku phiri la Gonggan, zaka 150 zapitazo.
    * **2015.** Malinga ndi lipoti la chigawo la Febuluwale 2015, mudzi wa Daping unalembetsa zizindikiro za malonda za "公敢古树茶" ndi "古报尾茶"; ntchito ya pempho inayamba mu Epulo 2013. Panthawiyo mudzi unali ndi mahekitala 200 a munda uliwonse, "公敢古树茶" inkapereka makilogalamu oposa 500 pachaka, ndipo ya bwino kwambiri inkagulitsidwa mpaka yuan 1000 pa kilogalamu.
    * **2023.** Malinga ndi pempho ku boma, chitukuko cha mitengo yakale ya Gonggan chinakhala pempho lalikulu la bungwe la mzinda, ndipo ku Lagou "koyamba m'mbiri" adapanga "公敢瑶茶". Malinga ndi lipoti la chigawo, m'chaka chomwecho amalonda amderalo adakhazikitsa bizinesi ya tiyi; tiyi wa masika adapereka makilogalamu oposa 1600. Dipatimenti yaulimi ya mzinda mu yankho la pempho la bungwe la mzinda (Juni 2023) inalemba kuti kampani ya 广西柳州茗芊农林科技有限公司 idakhazikitsidwa m'chigawo mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe aulimi, ndipo akatswiri adathandizira kupanga chinthu chimodzi, tiyi wofiira kuchokera ku mitengo yakale.
    * **2024.** Ukadaulo wa tiyi wa Gonggan (鹿寨公敢茶制作技艺) unalowa mu gulu lachisanu ndi chimodzi la mndandanda wa cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosagwirika cha boma, lamulo la boma la 19 Januware 2024 (鹿政发〔2024〕1号), gawo la "ukadaulo wachikhalidwe"; gulu la tiyi silinatchulidwe. Malinga ndi lipoti la boma la Epulo 2024, uwu ndi munda wokha wotsalira wa mitengo yakale ya tiyi ku Luzhai, uli m'malo osungira zachilengedwe a Lagou, ndipo fakitale imatulutsa pafupifupi makilogalamu 1600 (pafupifupi 800 kg) a tiyi wowuma pachaka. Malinga ndi yankho la dipatimenti yaulimi ya mzinda (Juni 2024), kampani ya 茗芊 inamanga holo ya 470 m² ndikubwereka mahekitala 700 a munda wakale, ndipo m'chaka cha 2024 kuchokera ku makilogalamu pafupifupi 40000 a masamba atsopano a mitengo yakale ya Lagou adapanga makilogalamu oposa 4000 a tiyi wofiira. Kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha boma sikulongosoledwa ndi magwero.
    * **2025.** Lipoti la malo ofalitsa nkhani a boma (Epulo): pakati pa munda ndi mahekitala 450 pa phiri la Gonggan pamwamba pa 1200 m, holo ndi 470 m². Mu lipoti la msonkhano wapadera wa bungwe la boma mu Julayi kunenedwa kuti tiyi amapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa tiyi wofiira ndipo akufunsira mndandanda wa cholowa cha mzinda ndi chitetezo cha boma ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo (国家地理标志保护产品); zikalata zapambuyo pake zimanena zokha za chizindikiro cha satifiketi. Mu Novembala boma linatsegula malo ogwirira ntchito a cholowa cha "鹿寨公敢茶制作技艺".
    * **Chizindikiro.** Malinga ndi yankho la boma, akatswiri adalangiza kuti choyamba alembetsa chizindikiro chanthawi zonse cha "公敢"; wopempha ndi malo a utumiki waulimi wa chigawo. Pa 29 Ogasiti 2025, bungwe la boma la chuma cha nzeru linakana pempho: chizindikirocho chinawonedwa kukhala chofanana ndi chizindikiro cha kampani ya 茗芊农林科技有限公司, chomwe chinakhala chotetezedwa mpaka 27 Seputembala. Pempho lachiwiri linadutsa kuyezetsa koyamba pa 27 Disembala 2025, ndipo pa 22 Epulo 2026 dipatimenti yoyang'anira msika ya boma inapereka satifiketi. Pa chizindikiro cha geographic, boma likusonkhanitsa zinthu; chizindikiro chamtsogolo chimatchulidwa mwina "拉沟公敢瑶茶" kapena "拉沟公敢茶".
    * **2026.** Ukadaulo wa tiyi wa mitengo yakale ya Lagou Gonggan (拉沟公敢古树茶制作技艺) unalowa mu gawo lakhumi la mndandanda wa cholowa cha chikhalidwe chosagwirika cha mzinda wa Liuzhou, malinga ndi lipoti la boma la 10 Januware 2026. Kuyambira Epulo, mitengo yakale ikhoza kusungidwa ndi anthu.
* **Dzina:** "Lagou" (拉沟) ndi dzina la chigawo; "Gonggan" (公敢) malinga ndi lipoti la chigawo la 2015, ndi dzina la malo m'mudzi wa Daping, momwemonso amatchulira phiri; matanthauzo a zilembo zokha magwero sawalongosola. "Yaocha" (瑶茶) ndi "tiyi wa Yao": lipoti la boma limatcha Lagou chigawo cha Yao (瑶乡). Liwu limanena za anthu, osati za gulu la tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Pa zokambirana zapadera za 2024, mamembala a bungwe la boma adalangiza kusonkhanitsa mbiri, miyambo, nyimbo ndi luso la tiyi wa Gonggan (茶俗、茶歌、茶技). Zolemba zenizeni sizikupezeka m'magwero opezeka.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu:** Mitengo yakale ya tiyi ya anthu amderalo; mtundu ndi mtundu wa botanical sizinatchulidwe m'magwero opezeka. Malinga ndi nkhani ya mlembi wa chipani cha mudzi wa Daping mu lipoti la 2017, mitengo ya munda idamera yokha kuchokera ku njere za tchire zakale. Pa malo oyesera a chigawo mu 2024 adabzala mizere 30 yosankhidwa kuchokera ku anthu amderalo.
* **Dera:** Malinga ndi pempho, mitengo yakale ndi yoposa mahekitala 1300, ndipo mahekitala 274 agwiritsidwa ntchito; pakati pa munda m'malipoti ena ndi mahekitala 200 (2015 ndi 2017), pafupifupi 400 (2023), pafupifupi 350 (pempho la nthumwi ya msonkhano wa mzinda, 2024), 450 (2025); kampani ya 茗芊 mu 2024 inabwereka mahekitala 700.
* **Kukolola:** Lipoti la chigawo la 2023 limayika chiyambi cha kukolola mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa Qingming (清明). Masamba otoleredwa m'mawa amabweretsedwa ku fakitale akadali onyowa ndi nkhungu, malinga ndi lipoti la 2025. Mulingo wa kukolola suli m'magwero opezeka.
* **Zofunikira za zopangira:** Palibe deta m'magwero opezeka.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Munda pa phiri la Gonggan uli pamwamba pa 1200 m, malinga ndi malipoti a 2023, 2025 ndi 2026. Lipoti la 2017 limatcha kutalika kwa phiri la Gonggan pafupifupi 900 m. Kusiyana kumeneku magwero sawalongosola.
* **Malo osungira zachilengedwe:** Malinga ndi lipoti la boma, munda uli m'malo osungira zachilengedwe a Lagou (拉沟自然保护区).
* **Chilengedwe:** Boma limatcha Lagou "malo a mpweya wabwino" (天然氧吧) ndi malo a zitsamba zamankhwala; lipoti limatcha munda wam'mapiri m'mitambo ndi nkhungu.
* **Nyengo ndi nthaka:** Mafotokozedwe amangonena za nyengo yofewa ndi nthaka yachonde; palibe manambala m'magwero opezeka.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Palibe ukadaulo wovomerezeka, palibe mulingo kapena zofunikira za khalidwe. Magwero a boma amalongosola njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo gulu limodzi silimapangidwa kuchokera mwa iwo.

**Tiyi wofiira wa fakitale.** Chinthu chachikulu cha "公敢瑶茶" malinga ndi malipoti a 2025 ndi Epulo 2026; malinga ndi lipoti la bungwe la boma la Julayi 2025, amapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa tiyi wofiira.

1.  **Kufota (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Lipoti silipatsa magawo.
2.  **Kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Pa makina opota pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka, mpaka pafupifupi 90% ya masamba atapota kukhala chingwe (成条率) ndipo pafupifupi 80% ya maselo atawonongeka.
3.  **Kufufuta (发酵, *fājiào*):** Gawo lofunikira. Masamba amasungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha koyenera, chinyezi ndi mpweya wokwanira; palibe manambala.
4.  **Kuyanika (烘干, *hōnggān*):** "Imakhazikitsa fungo" (烘干定香).
5.  **Kukweza fungo (提香, *tíxiāng*):** Kutchulidwa mu lipoti la 2026 popanda magawo.

Uwu ndi mndandanda wa tiyi wofiira: okosijeni imachitika pambuyo pa kupota, palibe kukonza ndi kutentha pamaso pake.

**Tiyi wobiriwira.** Mu Epulo 2025, pa maphunziro a ana asukulu ku fakitale, tiyi wa mkaka adakonzedwa kuchokera ku "公敢红茶" ndi "公敢绿茶". Lipoti la gulu la ophunzira la yunivesite yaulimi ya Guangxi (Julayi 2026) limatcha mu holo ya fakitale ya "公敢瑶茶" kukonza (杀青, *shāqīng*), kupota ndi kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*), mndandanda wa tiyi wobiriwira; palibe magawo.

**Tiyi wa eni mitengo.** Malinga ndi malipoti a Epulo 2026, munthu amene wasunga mtengo akhoza kupanga yekha kuchokera ku masamba ake ku fakitale tiyi wobiriwira, wofiira kapena woyera.

**Njira yakale.** Lipoti la chigawo la 2015 likuwonetsa kuwotcha masamba mu mphika wachitsulo pa mbaula yadothi (铁锅土灶炒茶青) ndipo limatcha tiyi wakale wa kumaloko kukhala wosavuta "土茶" wokhala ndi fungo la utsi. Lipoti la chigawo la 2017 limalemba kukonza pamanja (杀青), kupota ndi kuyanika "mwachikhalidwe cha kumudzi" (土法); malinga ndi pempho la nthumwi ya msonkhano wa mzinda la 2024, anthu amderalo kuyambira kale adasonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha tiyi (炒制).

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Pansipa pali zokha zomwe zanenedwa m'malipoti a boma a 2023 ndi 2025, ndipo izi zikugwira ntchito pa tiyi wofiira wa fakitale. Mafotokozedwe a tiyi wobiriwira ndi woyera wa "公敢" sapezeka m'magwero opezeka.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe m'magwero opezeka.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Lolemera, lolimba (馥郁), malinga ndi lipoti.
* **Fungo la madzi a tiyi:** Lipoti limanena za kuphatikiza kwa fungo la maluwa, zipatso, uchi ndi lotasi (花香、果香、蜜香、莲香), osasiyanitsa masamba owuma ndi madzi a tiyi.
* **Kukoma:** Kolimba ndi kofewa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (醇厚回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi:** Wofiira, wowala (红亮鲜明), malinga ndi lipoti la chigawo la 2023.
* **Pansi pa tiyi (masamba owiritsidwa):** Palibe mafotokozedwe m'magwero opezeka.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m'magwero opezeka. Pempho limanena za "kapangidwe kolemera" ka tiyi, lipoti la 2026 limanena za kuchuluka kwa polyphenols a tiyi, onse popanda manambala. Boma linachita mgwirizano ndi kampani yoyesa pa pempho lamtsogolo; palibe zotsatira za mayeso. M'chilimwe cha 2026, gulu la ophunzira la yunivesite yaulimi ya Guangxi linayesa zitsanzo pamalopo ndi zida zonyamula ndipo, malinga ndi lipoti, silinapeze zotsalira za mankhwala; uwu ndi mayeso a msanga, osati kusanthula kwa labotale.

**8. Zopindulitsa:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyi uwu.

**9. Kuwira:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu, magawo amadalira tiyi uti uli m'manja pansi pa dzina ili.

* **Wofiira:** 90-95 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, gaiwan kapena teapot yadothi, kuwira koyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, kenako mawiro angapo ndi kuwonjezera nthawi.
* **Wobiriwira:** 80-85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, galasi kapena gaiwan, kuwira koyamba masekondi 40-60, kuthira kawiri kapena katatu.
* **Woyera:** 85-90 °C, 3-4 g pa 150 ml, gaiwan, kuwira koyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, kenako mawiro angapo ndi kuwonjezera nthawi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Tiyi wofiira, pamalo owuma amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, m'mapaketi olimba, kutali ndi fungo. Wobiriwira, m'mapaketi otsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0-5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, amwe chaka chimodzi. Woyera, m'mapaketi olimba pamalo owuma amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, kutali ndi fungo.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Malinga ndi lipoti la boma la 2024, jin (pafupifupi 500 g) la tiyi wowuma wa fakitale ndi yuan 600-1000. Kuyambira 2026, mtengo ukhoza kusungidwa kwa yuan 1000-3000, nthawi kuyambira chaka chimodzi, ndikulandira tiyi wake.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Palibe chizindikiritso cha malo. Chizindikiro chanthawi zonse cha "公敢" chinalembetsedwa mu Epulo 2026 kwa malo a utumiki waulimi wa chigawo: chimanena za mwini wa dzina, koma sichimapereka zofunikira za tiyi ndipo sichitchula gulu.
    * Pansi pa dzina la "公敢" amapanga tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira, gulu liyenera kuyang'aniridwa pa paketi.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku chigawo cha Lagou m'boma la Luzhai.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Chizindikiro chokhala ndi liwu la "公敢" mudzi unali nawo kale: mu 2015 mudzi wa Daping unalembetsa "公敢古树茶". Malinga ndi mayankho a dipatimenti yaulimi ya mzinda, kukonza mitengo yakale kuyambira 2023 kumachitika ndi kampani ya 广西柳州茗芊农林科技有限公司, ndipo mu lipoti la Julayi 2026 njira ya fakitale ya "公敢瑶茶" imalongosoledwa ndi mtsogoleri wake. Mu 2025 pempho la boma la "公敢" linakanidwa chifukwa chofanana ndi chizindikiro cha kampani yomwe yankho la boma limatcha "茗芊农林科技有限公司". Ngati iyi ndi kampani yomweyo, chizindikiro chake chinali chiyani ndipo ngati chikugwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha mudzi, magwero sanene mwachindunji.
* Kugwirizana kwa khalidwe la tiyi ndi chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha malo boma linaganiza zolemba mu buku lapachaka la "Luzhai 2024" (鹿寨年鉴2024) monga maziko a pempho lamtsogolo la chizindikiro cha geographic.
* Kale okolola adanyamula masamba kuchokera ku phiri wapansi kwa maola oposa atatu; tsopano amatsitsidwa ndi ndege zopanda oyendetsa mu mphindi 15, malinga ndi lipoti la boma la 2026. Za kutsitsa masamba ndi ndege zopanda oyendetsa zinanenedwa kale mu chithunzi cha chigawo cha 2023.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena a Guangxi:**

* **Damiaoshan Hongcha ([大苗山红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/damiaoshan-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa mzinda womwewo wa Liuzhou kuchokera ku mitengo yakale ndi tiyi wakutchire, koma kale ndi dzina lotetezedwa.
* **Jinxiu Hongcha ([金秀红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jinxiu-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa boma la Jinxiu Yao m'mapiri a Dayaoshan; dzina limatetezedwa kuyambira 2014.
* **Baise Hongcha ([百色红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/baise-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Guangxi, kumalire ndi Yunnan ndi Vietnam.
* **Nanshan Baimao Cha ([南山白毛茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/nanshan-baimao-cha)):** Tiyi wa Guangxi wokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo: chikalata cha chitetezo chimalongosola ukadaulo wa tiyi wobiriwira, ngakhale "白毛" mu dzina limanena za woyera. Lagou Gonggan Yaocha alibe chikalata choterocho.

**Pomaliza:**

Lagou Gonggan Yaocha ndi tiyi yemwe akungoyamba kulandira dzina, ndipo dzina lenileni limalembedwa m'njira ziwiri. Ali ndi mitengo yakale m'malo osungira zachilengedwe pa phiri la Gonggan, ukadaulo wovomerezedwa ngati cholowa cha boma ndi mzinda, ndi fakitale yomwe chinthu chake chachikulu malinga ndi malongosoledwe ndi tiyi wofiira wokhala ndi fungo la maluwa, zipatso, uchi ndi lotasi. Koma chikalata chomwe chingakhazikitse gulu kulibe: pansi pa dzina lomwelo amapanga tiyi wobiriwira, ndipo kuchokera ku masamba a mitengo yosungidwa amatha kupanganso woyera. Palibe chizindikiro cha geographic, palibe zofunikira za khalidwe, palibe mayeso: cholembetsedwa ndi chizindikiro chanthawi zonse cha "公敢", ndipo zinthu za chizindikiro cha geographic boma likusonkhanitsabe.