---
title: "Jiāonán lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/jiaonan-lucha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jiāonán lǜchá (胶南绿茶)

**Jiaonan Lücha** (*Jiāonán lǜchá*, 胶南绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’tauni yakale ya Jiaonan (胶南市) kum’mwera kwa Qingdao, m’chigawo cha Shandong. Tiyi pano ndi wachinyamata: anabwera naye kuchokera kum’mwera chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 1960 kudzera mu pulogalamu ya chigawo ya "南茶北引" ("kusuntha tiyi wakum’mwera kupita kumpoto"), ndipo tiyi woyamba wobiriwira wa kumaloko anapangidwa mu 1969. Malo otetezedwa amayenda m’mphepete mwa mapiri atatu, ndipo zofunikira zimalongosola maonekedwe a tiyi poyerekeza ndi akum’mwera: masamba ndi akuluakulu komanso olemera, madzi a tiyi ndi owala kwambiri, fungo lake ndi la mtedza wa chestnut. Dzinalo limatetezedwa kawiri: monga chinthu chaulimi chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo komanso malinga ndi chilengezo cha National Intellectual Property Administration No. 646 (2025).

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*), wosafufutika; gulu latchulidwa m’dzina.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wakumpoto wa Shandong; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Shandong (山东, *Shāndōng*), mzinda wa Qingdao (青岛, *Qīngdǎo*), dera la tauni yakale ya Jiaonan (胶南, *Jiāonán*). Dera lidathetsedwa, madera ake adalowa m’boma la Huangdao (黄岛区), komwe kunachokera wopempha wa 2025; chizindikirocho chasunga dzina lakale.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Matauni a Haiqing (海青), Dachang (大场), Zhangjialou (张家楼), Cangnan (藏南), Dacun (大村), Liuwang (六汪), Baoshan (宝山), Liwuguan (理务关), Wangtai (王台) ndi makomiti a msewu a Tieshan (铁山), Yinzhu (隐珠) ndi Lingshanwei (灵山卫) m’mphepete mwa mapiri a Zhushan (珠山), Tieshan ndi Cangmashan (藏马山). Zotsatira m’chikalatacho ndi matauni 14 ndi makomiti, midzi 163, ngakhale kuti khumi ndi awiri okha ndi omwe atchulidwa m’dzina; pali kusiyana m’chikalatacho chenichenicho.
* **Ma coordinate a malo:** 119°30′–120°11′ E, 35°35′–36°08′ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:** Nkhani yaikulu yonena za chiyambi cha tiyi pano ndi nkhani ya wolemba wa m’deralo mu nyuzipepala ya "Qingdao xihai’an bao" (2025), yolembedwa chifukwa cha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za "南茶北引" ku Haiqing. Malinga ndi nkhaniyi:
    * **1957.** Komiti ya chigawo inapereka ntchito ya "南茶北引" ku ofesi ya zamalonda. Kuyesera kunalephera kwa zaka zambiri; kokha malo a m’paki ya Qingdao Zhongshan ndi omwe anapulumuka.
    * **M’nyengo yozizira ya 1965.** Kubzala koyamba koyesera m’bomalo: ma 3 *mu* m’mudzi wa Zhangcang (张仓村) ndi ma 2,6 *mu* m’mudzi wa Gaoyu (高峪村).
    * **1966.** Kubzala kunakulitsidwa m’komoni ya Haiqing ma 42 *mu* m’midzi itatu, yaikulu kwambiri ndi Houhexi (后河西). M’nyengo yozizira mitengo yambiri inafa ndi chisanu. Chitetezo chinapezeka mwa kubzala mwakhutu ndi khungwa lalifupi, kudula m’nyengo yophukira, kuthirira ndi feteleza chisanu chisanagwe, mabwalo oletsa mphepo ndi zoyala za udzu; kuchokera ku mitundu inasankhidwa mbewu zolimbana ndi chisanu kuchokera ku Anhui.
    * **1968.** Midzi isanu ya Haiqing inamanga fakitale imodzi ya tiyi ku Houhexi.
    * **1969.** Gulu loyamba la tiyi wobiriwira wa kumaloko. Malinga ndi nkhaniyo, akatswiri a Tea Research Institute ya Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences adazindikira fungo loyera, kukoma kolemera ndi kulimbika kwa madzi, ndipo adawona kuti khalidwe lake ndi lapamwamba kuposa la kum’mwera.
    * **1970–1972.** Mu 1970 zithunzi za munda wa tea ku Haiqing ndi zitsanzo za tiyi zinawonetsedwa ku Beijing; kumapeto kwa 1972 tiyi anali kubzalidwa m’ma komoni 16 ndi midzi 74 ya bomalo, ma 1400 *mu* a minda, kwambiri ku Haiqing.
    * **Zaka za m’ma 1980 – 1990.** Pambuyo pa kusintha ku ulimi wa pakhomo (1982) ndi kuthetsedwa kwa kugula kwa boma, minda inachepa kwambiri; kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m’ma 1990, pamene chigawo chinathandizira mafakitale, inachira.
    * **Chitetezo.** Dzinalo linalembedwa m’kaundula wa zinthu zaulimi zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo pansi pa nambala AGI00278; chaka cholembedwa sichinafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe anapezeka. Mwa chilengezo No. 646 cha pa 23 September 2025, National Intellectual Property Administration inavomereza Jiaonan Lücha monga chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
* **Dzina:** "Jiaonan" (胶南) ndi dzina la tauni yakale yomwe inathetsedwa; "lücha" (绿茶) ndi "tiyi wobiriwira".
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Kwa derali tiyi uyu ndi chikumbutso cha "南茶北引"; nkhaniyo imatcha tiyi mmodzi mwa maziko a chuma chakumidzi cha kuno, ndipo munda wa 1966 pafupi ndi mudzi wa Houhe (后河村) ndi umodzi mwa minda yakale kwambiri ya tiyi yosasunthika ku Shandong.

**3. Kufotokoza Kwachomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Zofunikira za chitetezo zimalamula "mitundu yabwino ya m’deralo, yosankhidwa ndi kuzolowera kuno" (当地选育驯化的优良品种), koma sizitchula. Zofunikira za dzina loyandikana la Haiqing Cha zimatchula mitundu ya m’deralo 胶南春, 海青锋, 海北春 ndi 海青翡翠.
* **Kututa:** Kuchokera kumapeto kwa April kapena koyambirira kwa May; pakati pa nyengo za Bailu (白露) ndi Qiufen (秋分), ndiko kuti mu September, kututa kumayimitsidwa ndipo munda "umatsekedwa".
* **Muyezo wa kututa:** Zofunikira zimati zomwe ziyenera kusiyidwa pachitsamba: m’chaka choyamba masamba a 钱叶, kenako tsamba limodzi, m’chilimwe ndi m’nyengo yophukira tsamba la "nsomba" (鱼叶); masamba awiri opanda mphukira (对夹叶) amachotsedwa kwathunthu. Zimatutidwa kawirikawiri, m’magulu.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kum’mwera kwa Qingdao; minda imayenda m’mphepete mwa mapiri a Zhushan, Tieshan ndi Cangmashan.
* **Malo:** Malo otsetsereka dzuwa kapena mapiri, otsekedwa ku mphepo, otsetsereka osapitirira 25°, okhala ndi gwero la madzi; madzi apansi amakhala mozama kuposa 100 cm.
* **Nthaka:** Dothi lachonde la acidic kapena pang’ono acidic, pH 4,5–6,5; makulidwe 80–100 cm kapena kuposerapo, wosanjikiza wamoyo osachepera 40 cm.
* **Kutalika ndi nyengo:** Palibe manambala omwe anapezeka m’magwero.
* **Kubzala:** Nthaka imakumbidwa mozama kuposa 80 cm. Mbewu zochokera ku cuttings zimabzalidwa m’nyengo yachisanu m’mizere iwiri m’mizere yakuya (凹田双行密植): mizere pakati 120 ndi 30 cm, pakati pa maenje 20–30 cm pafupifupi zomera 6000 pa *mu*.
* **Kusamalira:** Feteleza wamkulu ndi organic; feteleza wa phosphorus-potassium 30–50 kg pa *mu*. Kudula kumachitika pakati pa nyengo za Chunfen ndi Qingming: kudula mphukira za m’nyengo yophukira ndi zina za m’chilimwe 3–5 cm.

**5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:**

Zofunikira za chitetezo sizifotokoza sitepe iliyonse ya kukonza. Ndondomeko yodziwika ya tiyi wobiriwira:

1.  **Kuyalala kwa masamba (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Masamba amataya chinyezi.
2.  **Kuyimitsa oxidation (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Kutentha kumaletsa kusintha.
3.  **Kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*).**

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika ya gululi, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa Jiaonan Lücha.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona:**

Kufotokozedwa kwaperekedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025; m’mabokosi muli mawu a magwero.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Mphukira ndi masamba ndi akuluakulu, mbale ndi yokhuthala (芽叶肥壮，叶片厚); mwa mawonekedwe tiyi ndi waukulu ndi wolemetsa kuposa wa kum’mwera (外形较南茶硕壮重实); mtundu ndi wobiriwira wakuda, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (墨绿油润).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m’magwero omwe anapezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi a tiyi:** La chestnut, lolemera, lapamwamba komanso lalitali (栗香浓郁高长). Zofunikira sizilekanitsa fungo la masamba ndi la madzi.
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kodzutsa (鲜醇爽口).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wachikasu wobiriwira, wowala kuposa wa tiyi wakum’mwera (黄绿较南茶明亮).
* **Masamba otayidwa:** Achikasu wobiriwira, ofanana, owala (黄绿匀亮).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Makemikolo:**

Zofunikira za chitetezo zimapereka magulu awiri a manambala.

| Chizindikiro | Zofunikira |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 6.0 % |
| Zidutswa zazing’ono | osapitirira 4.0 % |
| Phulusa lonse | osapitirira 6.0 % |
| Zinthu zosungunuka | osachepera 37.0 % |
| Fiber yosaphika | osapitirira 16.0 % |
| Selenium | osachepera 25 mg/kg |
| Ma amino acid aulere | osachepera 3.0 % |

Gulu lachiwiri limatchedwa "zigawo zapadera": polyphenols 13.2–26.8 %, catechins 6.2–13.4 %, amino acids 2–4.8 %, caffeine 1325–1902 mg/kg, flavonoids 7.3–11.8 %, zinthu zosungunuka 42.6–53.5 %, shuga wosungunuka 0.72–1.28 %.

Pa manambalawa pamafunika kusamala, ndipo zifukwa zikuwoneka m’chikalatacho chenichenicho:

* Caffeine 1325–1902 mg/kg ndi 0.13–0.19 %, pomwe m’zofunikira za tiyi wina wa chilengezo chomwecho caffeine imawerengedwa m’maperesenti. Sindingathe kuchotsa zolakwika za mayunitsi.
* Malire a amino acid (osachepera 3.0 %) ndi mlingo wa "zigawo zapadera" (kuchokera 2 %) zimatsutsana.
* Malire a selenium 25 mg/kg ndi apamwamba kwambiri: poyerekeza, ku Enshi Xicha, tiyi yemwe ali ndi selenium m’dzina lake, avareji imanenedwa kukhala pafupifupi 0.21 mg/kg.
* Gulu lonse la "zigawo zapadera" limabwerezedwa liwu ndi liwu m’zofunikira za chinthu china cha chilengezo chomwecho cha [崇庆枇杷茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/chongqing-pipa-cha) kuchokera ku Sichuan.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyi wochitika umenewu.

**9. Kuthira Tiyi:**

Njira ya gululi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chotengera:** Gaiwan kapena galasi lagalasi.
* **Ndondomeko:** Tenthetsa chotengera, thirira madzi m’mphepete, kuthira koyamba 40–60 masekondi, kenako kuthira kuwiri kapena katatu, kusiya gawo la madzi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gululi. M’paketi yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe anapezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha malo ndi wopanga kuchokera m’boma la Huangdao, kuchokera kudera la Jiaonan wakale.
    * Musasokoneze ndi Haiqing Cha ([海青茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/haiqing-cha)): awa ndi dzina lina la chilengezo chomwecho ndi dera laling’ono la midzi 43 ya tauni ya Haiqing mkati mwa dera la Jiaonan Lücha.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Dera lotetezedwa limamangidwa ku mapiri atatu, osati kungokhala m’malire a matauni.
* Gulu loyamba la tiyi wa kumaloko linapangidwa mu 1969 patatha zaka zitatu kuchokera kubzala kwakukulu.
* Dzina la tauni yakale yomwe inathetsedwa limakhalabe m’chizindikiro cha malo, ndipo mkati mwa dera lake muli lina la Haiqing Cha.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina wa Shandong:**

* **Laoshan Lü Cha ([崂山绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/laoshan-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Laoshan ku Qingdao, kuchokera ku phiri la Laoshan.
* **Rizhao Lü Cha ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/rizhao-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa mzinda wa Rizhao, nawonso wochokera ku "南茶北引".
* **Haiqing Cha (海青茶):** Dzina la tauni ya Haiqing, ndi mawu ofanana a maonekedwe.

**Pomaliza:**

Jiaonan Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wakumpoto, wazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi: mitengo yakum’mwera inazolowera kuno pambuyo pa nyengo zozizira za kutayika ndi kusankha mbewu zolimbana ndi chisanu. Zofunikira zimafotokoza popanda ukadaulo, koma poyerekeza ndi kum’mwera: masamba ndi akuluakulu ndi olemera, madzi ndi owala, fungo la chestnut. Manambala a kapangidwe ka makemikolo m’chikalatacho amafunika kusamala, ndipo dera la m’mphepete mwa mapiri atatu limasunga dzina la boma lomwe kulibenso.