---
title: "Jiānghuá kǔchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/jianghua-kucha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jiānghuá kǔchá (江华苦茶)

**Jianghua Kucha** (*Jiānghuá kǔchá*, 江华苦茶) — "tiyi wowawa wa Jianghua": mtundu wakale wa chomera cha tiyi wa m'deralo ndi tiyi wa dzina lomwelo wa Jianghua-Yao Autonomous County (江华瑶族自治县) mumzinda wa Yongzhou (永州) kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa chigawo cha Hunan. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiritso chaulimi cha geographical indication cha 2013. Pansi pake amapanga tiyi wamagulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo dera lomwelo limadzitcha "kwawo kwa tiyi wofiira wa uchi waku China" (中国蜜香红茶之乡).

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Palibe gulu limodzi. Mtunduwo ndi woyenera kupanga tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira; kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso kumapereka zizindikiro za tiyi wobiriwira, atolankhani a 2026 amalemba makamaka za tiyi wofiira, imodzi mwamafakitale a m'derali imapanga tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira ndi tiyi wa "Yao" (瑶茶).
* **Gulu:** Mtundu wa chomera cha tiyi ndi mtundu wa chigawo; chizindikiritso chaulimi cha geographical indication (2013).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), mzinda wa Yongzhou (永州, *Yǒngzhōu*), Jianghua-Yao Autonomous County. Dera lalikulu — mapiri a Mengzhuling (萌渚岭) m'mapiri a Nanling, pachiyambi cha mtsinje wa Xiaoshui (潇水), pamalire ndi Guangdong ndi Guangxi.
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso — matauni 17 ndi maboma ang'onoang'ono a m'derali, kuphatikiza likulu la dera Tuojiang, ndi nkhalango ya boma.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** Dera lotetezedwa — kuyambira 24°38′35″ mpaka 25°19′43″ N ndi kuyambira 111°25′25″ mpaka 112°12′35″ E.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthawi zakale — m'makambirano.** Atolankhani amalemba kuti zaka zoposa 2100 zapitazo tiyi wa m'derali ankaperekedwa ku ufumu wa Changsha; kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso kumanena za mbiri ya zaka 2500 ndipo kumatchula bokosi la "tiyi wowawa" lochokera m'manda a mzera wa Han ku Mawangdui. Ziwerengerozi sizigwirizana, ndipo kugwirizana kwa zomwe zapezeka ndi Jianghua kumangokhala pamatanthauzidwe (kutchula Hunan Provincial Museum, kufanana kwa mapu a mzera wa Han ndi dera la mtundu wa tiyi) popanda magwero oyambirira.
    * **Zaka za m'ma 1970–1980.** Malinga ndi zofalitsa za mtundu, m'derali ankapanga tiyi wofiira woswa (红碎茶) wotumizira kunja, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1980 anakhala maziko a kugula tiyi kwa malonda akunja. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso, gulu lapadera la Hunan Tea Research Institute linagwira ntchito ndi mtunduwo kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu.
    * **1986–1987.** Magwero amasiyana. Zofalitsa za mtundu: kuyambira 1986 tiyi adadziwika ngati tiyi wodziwika wa chigawo kwa zaka zingapo zotsatizana, ndipo mu 1987 chigawo chinavomereza kuti ndi mtundu wamtengo wapatali wa m'deralo (优良地方群体品种). Atolankhani a 2026: mu 1987 tiyi adalowa m'gulu la tiyi khumi wodziwika wa chigawo.
    * **Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20.** Malinga ndi zofalitsa za mtundu, pamene panali kusintha kwakukulu kuchoka pa tiyi wofiira kupita ku wobiriwira, mafakitale 25 a tiyi a m'derali adatsekedwa.
    * **2013.** Unduna wa zaulimi unalembetsa "江华苦茶" ngati chizindikiritso chaulimi cha geographical indication, satifiketi AGI01326; mwiniwake — tiyi cooperative ya Yuehua (粤华) ya dera la Jianghua.
    * **2016.** Malinga ndi zofalitsa za mtundu, adalandiranso chizindikiro cha malonda cha certification ndi geographical indication; database ya zizindikiritso imatchula nambala yake 13858983.
    * **2022.** Hunan Tea Research Institute inalengeza kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba inapeza theacrine (苦茶碱) m'zomera zakutchire za tiyi m'chigawocho ndipo idachotsa m' tiyi wa Jianghua.
* **Dzina:** "Jianghua" (江华) — dzina la m'derali; "kucha" (苦茶) — "tiyi wowawa". Wofufuza wa Hunan Tea Research Institute anafotokozera atolankhani kuti tiyi si wowawa: m'chinenero cha Yao "苦" pamatchulidwe amatanthauza "wabwino". Koma kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso kumayamika tiyi chifukwa cha kuwawa komwe kumasanduka kutsekemera, ndipo kufotokoza kwa mtundu kumatcha tiyi wobiriwira wochokera kwa iye wowawa.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Jianghua ndi dera lokha la Yao autonomous m'chigawo cha Hunan. Malinga ndi nthano, kholo loyamba la Yao Panwang (盘王) anapulumutsidwa ndi tiyi ku poizoni; anthu am'deralo amanena kuti a Yao, posamuka, ankanyamula mbewu za tiyi ndi kuzifesa kumalo atsopano.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu:** Jianghua Kucha, wotchedwanso gaojiao cha (高脚茶, *gāojiǎo chá*, "tiyi wa miyendo yayitali") — mtundu wa mbewu (有性群体品种), malinga ndi atolankhani a tiyi a Hunan — umodzi mwa mitundu isanu yoyimira chomera cha tiyi cha chigawo. Madera oyambirira — maboma ang'onoang'ono a Liangchahe, Daxi, Haojiang ndi Xiangjiang a dera la Jianghua, komanso alipo m'maboma oyandikana.
* **Maonekedwe:** Mtengo wawung'ono wokhala ndi thunthu lowoneka bwino, umatulutsa nthambi pa 40–90 cm kuchokera pansi, umakula mpaka 3–4 m, mitengo ina — kuposa 5 m. Tsamba ndi lalikulu, lozungulira ngati dzira, lobiriwira chikasu, loonda komanso lonyezimira, ndi nsonga yayitali. Wa nthawi yapakati; mphukira ndi zokhuthala, zimakhala zofewa kwa nthawi yayitali, masamba a mphukira pafupifupi alibe tsitsi. Umaluwa mu October — November, umatulutsa mbewu zochepa.
* **Mitengo yakale ndi mitundu yatsopano:** Malinga ndi mawu a wopanga wa m'deralo, m'derali muli mitengo yoposa chikwi ya tiyi ya zaka zoposa zana. Kuchokera ku zomera zakutchire za m'derali adapeza ndi kulembetsa mitundu itatu ya mlingo wa dziko, yonse inalowa m'gulu la khumi la mitundu yayikulu ya tiyi wofiira ya Hunan; mayina awo sali m'magwero opezeka.
* **Kututa:** Malinga ndi atolankhani, masamba amatseguka pafupifupi nthawi ya Qingming, ndipo kututa kwa masika m'minda ya imodzi mwamakampani a m'derali kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Muyezo wa kututa sulipo m'magwero opezeka.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Malo:** Malinga ndi zofalitsa za mtundu, kum'mwera, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa m'derali kutalika nthawi zambiri kumaposa 600 m, kumadzulo — zigwa ndi mapiri a 200–400 m.
* **Nyengo ndi dothi:** Nyengo yachinyontho ya subtropical monsoon. Atolankhani: nkhalango zimaphimba 78 % ya m'derali, kuli chifunga chochuluka, dzuwa laling'ono, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku, dothi lotayirira lolemera ndi selenium.
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso — 1500 ha ndi 1500 t pachaka. Malinga ndi atolankhani a 2026 — 72,000 mu ya minda, 3600 t ya tiyi wouma, mtengo wa mtundu 523 miliyoni yuan.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Palibe ukadaulo umodzi wa dzinali: umatsimikizidwa ndi gulu.

* **Njira yachikhalidwe ya Yao:** Malinga ndi zofalitsa za mtundu, tsamba ankaliyanika pang'ono padzuwa, kuwotcha m'poti, kulikulunga ndi manja kukhala zingwe, kuyanika padzuwa, kulikulunga m'pepala ndi kulendewera pamwamba pa moto.
* **Tiyi wobiriwira:** Pali muyezo wa gulu "江华苦茶 绿茶加工技术规程"; malemba ake sanatseguke. Kufotokoza kwa mtundu kumachenjeza kuti pakukhazikitsa tsamba limatulutsa madzi ambiri ndipo limayanika movutikira.
* **Tiyi wofiira:** Mtundu m'mbiri unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga tiyi wofiira woswa; lero m'derali amalimbikitsa tiyi wofiira wa uchi (蜜香红茶). Zofotokozera sizili m'magwero opezeka.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Wobiriwira malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso — wolukidwa mwamphamvu, wozungulira ndi wowongoka, wobiriwira ngati emerald (紧圆挺直，色泽翠绿纯润).
* **Funiro la tsamba louma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe m'magwero opezeka.
* **Funiro la madzi:** Wobiriwira — wosakhwima, wapamwamba ndi wautali. Wofiira, malinga ndi kulawa m'manyuzipepala, — wotsekemera wamaluwa ndi zipatso, wolumikizidwa ndi uchi.
* **Kukoma:** Wobiriwira — watsopano ndi wolemera (鲜爽醇厚), choyamba kuwawa, kenako kubwerera kotsekemera; kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso kumalemba kuti funiro lake ndi lapamwamba kuposa la kuding cha ([苦丁茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/kuding-cha)), ndipo kulimba kozama kulibe. Wofiira — kuwawa kwapang'ono pamphuno ya lilime, komwe kumasanduka kutsekemera mwachangu.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira — wobiriwira wopepuka ndi wowala. Wofiira — wagolide-lalanje ndi wowonekera.
* **Tsamba lotsalira (pambuyo kuthira):** Wobiriwira — wobiriwira wopepuka ndi wofanana. Za wofiira palibe deta.

**7. Zomwe Zili M'kati mwa Chemical:**

| Chizindikiro | Mtengo | Gwero ndi chinthu |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Polyphenols | 39,21 % | Kufotokoza kwa mtundu, tsamba latsopano lachilimwe |
| Zinthu zotulutsa | 48,50 % | Kufotokoza kwa mtundu, tsamba latsopano lachilimwe |
| Polyphenols | 15–30 % | Zofalitsa za mtundu, tiyi |
| Amino acids | 2–4 % | Zofalitsa za mtundu, tiyi |

Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa mtundu, ma catechins osavuta m'tsamba ndi ochuluka, monga a tiyi wamkulu wakutchire wa Menghai. Ziwerengero za theacrine sizili m'magwero opezeka.

**8. Zopindulitsa:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika yokhudza zotsatira za tiyi weniweni amene uyu.

**9. Kuthira:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu — zofotokozera zimadalira gulu la tiyi m'manja.

* **Wobiriwira:** 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, galasi kapena gaiwan, kuthira koyamba masekondi 40–60, kuthiranso kawiri kapena katatu.
* **Wofiira:** 90–95 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain, kuthira koyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, kuthira kangapo ndi kuwonjezera nthawi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Wobiriwira — motetezedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, amwe mkati mwa chaka. Wofiira — pamalo owuma ndi amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, m'paketi yothina.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta yodziwika yokhudza mitengo. Atolankhani amalemba kuti tiyi wabwino kwambiri wa mitengo yakale wa imodzi mwamakampani a m'derali amawononga zoposa 4000 yuan pa kilogalamu.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Paketi, malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso, iyenera kukhala ndi dzina "江华苦茶" ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha geographical indication chaulimi.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ali m'dera lotetezedwa; malinga ndi atolankhani a 2026 mtundu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani 15.
    * Fotokozani gulu: pansi pa dzina limodzi amagulitsa tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira ndi "Yao".
    * Musasokoneze ndi kuding cha (苦丁茶) — ichi ndi chomera china.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* M'zaka za m'ma 1970, malinga ndi zofalitsa za mtundu, tiyi wofiira woswa wa Jianghua unali wokha m'chigawo chomwe unafikira muyezo wa dziko wotumizira kunja wa seti yachiwiri.
* Zofalitsa za mtundu zimanena kuti a Yao ankatuta tiyi, kukwera mitengo, ndipo ankaphunzitsanso anyani kuti achite izi.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi woyandikana ndi wachibale:**

* **Chengbu Dongcha ([城步峒茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/chengbu-dongcha)) ndi Rucheng Baimao Cha ([汝城白毛茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/rucheng-baimaocha)):** Pamodzi ndi wa Jianghua — gulu lakum'mwera la mitundu isanu yoyimira ya Hunan.
* **Baojing Huangjin Cha (保靖黄金茶):** Mtundu wa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo kuchokera m'gulu lomwelo la asanu.
* **Kaishan Baimao Cha ([开山白毛茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/kaishan-baimao-cha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa Guangxi yoyandikana, kutsidya lina la nsonga ya malire ya Matangding.

**Pomaliza:**

Jianghua Kucha — mtundu ndi mtundu wa malonda pansi pa dzina limodzi: mtundu wa mitengo yayitali ya mapiri a Yao, womwe unapereka tiyi wofiira woswa wotumizira kunja, tiyi wobiriwira wa emerald wochokera kufotokoza kwa chizindikiritso ndi tiyi wofiira wa uchi wamakono. Masiku akale amangokhazikika pamakambirano, zomera za mtundu zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.