---
title: "Hǎifēng Liánhuāshān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/haifeng-lianhuashan-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Hǎifēng Liánhuāshān chá (海丰莲花山茶)

**Haifeng Lianhuashan Cha** (*Hǎifēng Liánhuāshān chá*, 海丰莲花山茶) ndi tiyi wa phiri la Lianhuashan kuchokera ku Haifeng, tiyi wobiriwira wa m’chigawo cha Haifeng (海丰县) m’tauni ya Shanwei kum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Lianhuashan (莲花山, "Phiri la Lotus") ndi dzina la mapiri kumpoto kwa tawuni ya chigawo; silikugwirizana ndi tiyi wa lotus kapena wamaluwa. Chikalata choteteza chimalola mitundu ya oolong, koma chimalamula teknoloji ya tiyi wobiriwira: kutentha kokwanira pa 250–270 °C ndi kuyanika kwa maola ambiri m’chitini, popanda oxidation; mawu ake ndi "madzi agolide, fungo la uchi ndi mtedza wa chestnut". Kuyambira 2021 dzinali limatetezedwa monga chizindikiro cha geographical indication chaulimi, ndipo kuyambira 2025 monga chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*) woyanikidwa m’chitini. Chikalata choteteza cha 2025 chimakhazikitsa ndondomeko yakuti "kufalitsa — kutentha kokwanira — kukulunga — kugwetsa mfundo — kuyanika"; kugwedeza ndi oxidation pang’ono, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa oolong, kulibe. Mitundu ya oolong pamndandanda wa zopangira sikusintha gulu lake, gulu limakhazikitsidwa ndi teknoloji. Dzina lodziwika kwambiri la malowa lomwe webusayiti ya chigawo imatchula ndi "莲花绿茶" — "tiyi wobiriwira wa lotus".
* **Gulu:** Chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication (地理标志产品, *dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn*), 2025; geographical indication yaulimi (农产品地理标志), 2021.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), tawuni ya Shanwei (汕尾, *Shànwěi*), chigawo cha Haifeng (海丰, *Hǎifēng*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Matauni anayi ndi midzi 80 ya chigawo — Haicheng (海城镇), Gongping (公平镇), Pingdong (平东镇) ndi Huangqiang (黄羌镇). Ma coordinates: 115°07′–115°30′ E, 22°56′–23°13′ N.
* **Maziko ndi malo:** Nyuzipepala ya "Nanfang Nongcun Bao" (2022) imatchula kuti maziko a kupanga ndi matauni asanu, powonjezera Meilong (梅陇镇) ku anayi a malo otetezedwa. Meilong sali m’malo otetezedwa malinga ndi pempho la 2020 kapena chilengezo cha 2025.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Nthano ndi umboni wakale:**
    * **Nthano.** Malinga ndi "Beijing Ribao" (2023), nthano imanena kuti m’nthawi ya mzera wa Jin, sing’anga Ge Hong (葛洪), potola zitsamba m’mapiri a Lianhuashan, adapeza ndikubzala tiyi wamapiri (山子茶) ndipo adautcha "tiyi wa anthu osafa" (仙人茶, *xiānrén chá*).
    * **Mbiri ya zaka za Qianlong (乾隆).** Nyuzipepala ya "Shanwei Ribao" (2021) imagwira mawu kuchokera ku mbiri ya mzera wa Qing ya chigawo cha Haifeng. Pafupi ndi kachisi wa Lianhua-an pamwamba pa phiri pali zitsamba zingapo za tiyi, ndipo akaphikidwa ndi madzi a kasupe amakhala "滋味甘洁" — okoma ndi oyera; ndipo pamwamba paphiri lathyathyathya, pafupi ndi phiri la Seven Stars (七星墩), tiyi ndi "气味最佳" — wabwino kwambiri m’kununkhira ndi kukoma.
    * **Zaka za Guangxu (光绪).** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyi, ndakatulo ndi wolemba kalembedwe Jiang Fengchen (江逢辰) anali paubwenzi ndi mkulu wa kachisi wa Jiming-si (鸡鸣寺) pa Lianhuashan, adalawa tiyi wa "龙头凤尾" kumeneko ndipo m’ndakatulo zake adapempha wansembe kuti amutumizire ma jin angapo chaka chilichonse. Nyuzipepala imaona kuti ichi ndi chiyambi cha kutchuka kwa tiyi.
    * **Zaka za 1950.** Malinga ndi "Shanwei Ribao" ndi "Beijing Ribao", amayi a wosintha zinthu Peng Pai, Zhou Feng (周凤), adapereka "tiyi wa anthu osafa" wa ku Lianhuashan kwa Zhou Enlai. Palibe umboni wolembedwa m’mabuku.
    * **Malo abwino kwambiri.** Malinga ndi "Shanwei Ribao", anthu amanena kuti tiyi wabwino kwambiri amachokera ku malo otchedwa "Kezaierao" (客仔寮) ndi "mzere wachitatu" (第三条垄). Iyi ndi nthano, osati zotsatira za kuyerekeza.
    * **Mbiri ya zaka za Jiajing (嘉靖).** China Daily (2024) imayambitsa mbiri ya tiyi ku gawo la "Zopangidwa" (物产) la mbiri ya Haifeng ya zaka za Jiajing za mzera wa Ming. Palibe malemba a mbiri imeneyi m’mabuku opezeka, ndipo atolankhani akumaloko amanena za "mbiri ya zaka 200"; magwero amasiyana m’zaka mazana.
* **Makampani:** Malinga ndi "Shanwei Ribao" (2021), zolemba zakuti anthu a ku Haifeng amatola mphukira zazing’ono kuchokera ku zitsamba zobalalika za ku Lianhuashan ndikupanga tiyi zimadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Qing. "Nanfang Nongcun Bao" (2022) imalemba za "mbiri ya zaka 200" ya tiyi, za kubzala kwakukulu kuyambira zaka za 1960–1970 ndi za kukula kofulumira kwa makampani kuyambira zaka za 1990. Malinga ndi mawu a mkulu wa dipatimenti yaulimi ya chigawo m’nyuzipepala yomweyi, kale opanga tiyi, potengera luso lawo, amapanga makamaka tiyi wobiriwira, koma tsopano amapanganso tiyi wofiira, dancong ndi oolong.
* **Zikalata zoteteza:**
    * **2019.** Mndandanda wa dziko lonse wa zinthu zaulimi zodziwika, zapadera ndi zatsopano.
    * **2020–2021.** Pa 5 August 2020, Dipatimenti yaulimi ya Guangdong idalengeza za kulandira pempho la geographical indication yaulimi; wopempha anali Haifeng County Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Mu 2021, Unduna wa Zaulimi udapereka chilengezo chachiwiri ndipo dzinali lidalembetsedwa chaka chomwecho. Panthawi imodzimodziyo "海丰莲花绿茶" idalowa m’ndandanda wa zigawo za kupanga zinthu zapadera zaulimi.
    * **2021.** Shanwei idavomereza muyezo wa komweko "海丰莲花山茶生产技术规程" (DB4415/T 3-2021), wogwira ntchito kuyambira 1 October. "Beijing Ribao" (2023) imalemba za lamulo limodzi la mzinda pansi pa dzina "海丰莲花山茶标准化生产技术规程" ndi miyezo iwiri ya makampani.
    * **2022.** Malinga ndi webusayiti ya chigawo, tiyi adalandira chizindikiro cha meteorological "岭南生态气候优品", ndipo tawuni ya Haicheng idalowa m’ndandanda wa dziko lonse wa midzi yowonetsera "一村一品" — "mudzi umodzi, chinthu chimodzi".
    * **2025.** Mwa chilengezo cha State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) № 632 cha 9 June (chosindikizidwa 27 June) dzinali lidavomerezedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication — malo 176 mwa 224. Chigamulo chimodzimodzi chidateteza mpunga wakumaloko; m’mbuyomu, malinga ndi chigawo, chinali ndi chinthu chimodzi chotero — maluwa a daylily.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza — gulu la komweko (本地[群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong)) kapena mizere yosankhidwa kuchokera mmenemo, komanso mitundu ya oolong ya fungo lapamwamba [本山](https://thetea.app/ny/article/ben-shan) (*Běnshān*), [铁观音](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tie-guanyin) (*Tiěguānyīn*), [金观音](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-guanyin) (*Jīnguānyīn*), 黄旦 (*Huángdàn*), [凤凰单丛](https://thetea.app/ny/article/fenghuang-dancong) (*Fènghuáng [dāncóng](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dancong)*) ndi ina.
* **Kulowetsa:** Malinga ndi atolankhani (2023), kuyambira zaka za 1990 chigawo chidalowetsa 铁观音, [金萱](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-xuan), 白叶单丛, [大红袍](https://thetea.app/ny/article/da-hong-pao) ndi 黄旦 — mndandanda womwe sukugwirizana ndi mndandanda wa chikalata.
* **Tiyi wakuthengo:** Malinga ndi atolankhani (2023), "tiyi wa anthu osafa" wakumaloko ndi mtengo wawung’ono wobiriwira nthawi zonse wokhala ndi tsamba lalikulu ngati chikhatho; mitengo yakuthengo ili m’ndandanda wa zomera zotetezedwa za gulu lachiwiri. Malinga ndi "Beijing Ribao" (2023), paphiri pali mtengo wakale wa "tiyi wa anthu osafa" wamtali 6.5 m, ndipo ku nursery kumunsi kwa phiri panthawiyo adasamutsa mitengo yakuthengo 218 ndi kupulumuka kwa 94.4% ndipo adamera mbande zoposa 13,500.
* **Muyezo wa kutola:** Kuchokera ku mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi mpaka mphukira ndi masamba atatu; mphukira zonse, zoyera ndi zofanana.
* **Nthawi ya kutola:** Kawiri pachaka — isanafike chikondwerero cha Qingming (清明) ndi m’nyengo ya Bailu (白露).

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Chigawo:** Chigawochi chazunguliridwa ndi mapiri mbali zitatu ndipo chimalowera kunyanja kumwera. Malinga ndi "Shanwei Ribao", minda ya tiyi ili pamtunda wozungulira pafupifupi 50 km kuchokera ku nsonga yayikulu ya mapiri; malinga ndi "Beijing Ribao", ndi nsonga ya Lianhuafeng (莲花峰), 1337.6 m. Mapiri omwe, malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyi, amatalikirana kupitirira 400 km — kuchokera ku Longyan (龙岩) ku Fujian mpaka ku mtsinje wa Pearl.
* **Kufotokoza kwa malo a geographical indication yaulimi** (mwachidule kuchokera ku tsamba lothandizira): mapiri ambiri ndi 100–200 m, malo okwera kwambiri m’chigawo ndi 1337.3 m; mapiri ndi zitunda zimatenga 60% ya dera, zigwa — 40%; kutentha kwapachaka 22.5 °C, mvula 2389.5 mm pachaka, kumene m’chilimwe — 1450 mm. Nyuzipepala zimanena kutalika kwa nsonga ndi kutentha mosiyana pang’ono — 1337.6 m ndi 22.7 °C.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** **80–700 m** — zigwa, zitunda ndi malo otsetsereka ochepa.
* **Nthaka:** Yachikasu (黄壤) ndi yofiira-yachikasu (红黄壤). pH malinga ndi chikalata choteteza — 4.0–5.0, malinga ndi "Shanwei Ribao" — 4.0–4.8.
* **Nyengo:** Kumwera kwa subtropical monsoon. Dzuwa — pafupifupi maola 1873 pachaka ("Shanwei Ribao"); kutentha kwapachaka 22.7 °C ndi nyengo yopanda chisanu masiku 360 ("Nanfang Nongcun Bao").
* **Agrotechnics malinga ndi chikalata:** Malo otsetsereka osapitirira 15 °, kubzala kuyambira November mpaka March.
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi pempho la 2020 — 2330 ha ndi 4302 t pachaka; malinga ndi atolankhani a 2022–2023 — pafupifupi 52.5 thousand mu ndi 4146 t; China Daily (2024) imalemba za kupitirira 60 thousand mu ndi kupitirira 5 thousand t. Mtengo wapachaka wa zopangidwa umatchulidwa ndi chigawo ngati 439 million yuan (pa 2330 ha ndi 4302 t), "Nanfang Nongcun Bao" (2022) — pafupifupi 1.39 billion yuan.

**5. Teknoloji ya Kupanga:**

Ndondomeko malinga ndi chikalata choteteza cha 2025:

1.  **Kufalitsa (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Wosanjikiza 3 cm pa zitsulo kapena 10–15 cm m’msewu, maola 6–12, mpaka chinyezi 68–70%.
2.  **Kutentha kokwanira (杀青, *shāqīng*):** 250–270 °C pa kutentha kwa tsamba 80–85 °C, mphindi 4.0–4.5, kutaya kulemera 12–14%, chinyezi 58–60%.
3.  **Kukulunga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Mwa ndondomeko "popanda kukanikiza — kukanikiza mopepuka — popanda kukanikiza — kukanikiza mwamphamvu — popanda kukanikiza", mphindi 25–35 zonse, mpaka tiyi atakulungika mwamphamvu ndi madzi ake atatuluka.
4.  **Kugwetsa mfundo (解块, *jiěkuài*):** Ndi makina, ndikuchotsa zidutswa zazing’ono.
5.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*) m’chitini katatu:** pa 230–250 °C mpaka kuyanika kwachisanu ndi chitatu mwa khumi; pa 145–150 °C mphindi 30; kuyanika komaliza (辉锅, *huīguō*) pa 110–115 °C maola asanu ndi limodzi — mpaka "chisanu" chobiriwira-otuwa pa tiyi ndi fungo lokoma kapena la uchi. Kenako tiyi amasindikizidwa nthawi yomweyo.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokoza kwa chikalata choteteza cha 2025.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Tiyi wokulungika mwamphamvu, wobiriwira-otuwa, ndi "chisanu" — chopanda penti (条索紧实、灰绿起霜). "Shanwei Ribao" imalola tiyi wokhwima komanso wobiriwira wakuda.
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m’mabuku opezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** La mtedza wa chestnut, ndi "fungo la moto" (栗香带火工香); m’mawu a chikalata — la uchi ndi mtedza wa chestnut (蜜栗香).
* **Kukoma:** Kwambiri, ndi kubwerera kwa kutsekemera (滋味浓厚、回甘). Atolankhani akuwonjezera: kutsitsimula, kumapirira kupaka kambiri.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira-achikasu ndi kuwala kwa golide (黄绿泛金).
* **Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopakidwa):** Wobiriwira-achikasu (叶底黄绿).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical:**

Zofunikira za physicochemical za chikalata choteteza cha 2025:

| Chizindikiro | Chofunika |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 3.5% |
| Phulusa lonse | osapitirira 6.5% |
| Ma polyphenols a tiyi | osachepera 18.0% |
| Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi | osachepera 48.0% |

Muyezo wa chinyezi 3.5% ndi wokhwima kuposa wamba wa tiyi wobiriwira; momwemo zalembedwera m’chikalata.

Mfundo zenizeni, malinga ndi China Daily (2024): ma polyphenols a tiyi 19–25%, ma amino acid aulere 2.7–3.5%, zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi 48–52%. Njira ndi chitsanzo sizikutchulidwa m’buku.

**8. Zopindulitsa:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyi weniweni ameneyu.

**9. Kupaka:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 85–90 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chida:** Gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain.
* **Ndondomeko:** Tenthetsa chida, kupaka koyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60, kenako kupaka kangapo ndi kuonjezera pang’ono nthawi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’paketi yotsekedwa, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, bwino mufiriji pa 0–5 °C. Imwe m’chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe mndandanda wamitengo m’mabuku opezeka, pali mawu a anthu akumaloko okha. Malinga ndi mawu a mkulu wa dipatimenti yaulimi ya chigawo (2022), pamene teknoloji inali yosakwanira, tiyi amapita ndi ma yuan makumi angapo pa jin (500 g), tsopano — ndi mazana kapena ngakhale masauzande a yuan. Mmodzi wa opanga akumaloko pa webusayiti ya chigawo amatchula mitengo yocheperako: tiyi wa autumn — kupitirira 200, wa spring — 300–400 kupitirira; samatchula mayunitsi, malinga ndi nkhani — jin. Tiyi wa spring, malinga ndi webusayiti ya chigawo, umapereka kwa opanga tiyi pafupifupi theka la ndalama zapachaka zochokera ku tiyi.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication: chimavomerezedwa ndi CNIPA kwa opanga ochokera kumalo otetezedwa.
    * Onetsetsani kuti tiyi ndi wochokera ku matauni a Haicheng, Gongping, Pingdong kapena Huangqiang.
    * Osasokoneza ndi zosakaniza zamaluwa "ndi lotus": Lianhuashan ndi dzina la phiri.
    * Malinga ndi chikalata: tsamba lobiriwira-otuwa ndi chopanda penti, madzi obiriwira-achikasu ndi kuwala kwa golide, fungo la mtedza wa chestnut ndi kamvekedwe ka moto.

**12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:**

* Zopangira zitha kuchokera ku zitsamba za oolong, koma tiyi ndi wobiriwira: teknoloji imasankha, osati mtundu.
* Kuyanika komaliza m’chitini malinga ndi chikalata kumatenga maola asanu ndi limodzi.
* Ndi chilengezo chimodzi cha 2025 chigawo chidachulukitsa katatu chiwerengero cha zinthu zake zokhala ndi geographical indication.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena:**

* **Huidong Xianren Cha ([惠东仙人茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huidong-xianren-cha)):** Gulu la tiyi wakumaloko la chigawo choyandikana cha Huidong; limatchedwanso "tiyi wa anthu osafa", ndipo minda yake ilinso paphiri la Lianhuashan.
* **Baipenzhu Hengkeng Cha ([白盆珠横坑茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/baipenzhu-hengkeng-cha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa mudzi wa Hengkeng ku Huidong, wozunguliridwa mbali zonse ndi mapiri omwewo.
* **Dan Cong (单枞):** Oolong wochokera ku Chaozhou; mtundu wa 凤凰单丛 uli pamndandanda wa zopangira za tiyi wa Haifeng, koma teknoloji pano ndi yobiriwira.

**Pomaliza:**

Haifeng Lianhuashan Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira woyanikidwa m’chitini wa phiri la Lotus kum’mawa kwa Guangdong, momwe zopangira za oolong zimapita mu teknoloji yobiriwira. Chikalata choteteza chimafotokoza kutentha kokwanira pa 250–270 °C, kuyanika kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi m’chitini, tsamba lobiriwira-otuwa ndi "chisanu" ndi mawu akuti "madzi agolide, fungo la uchi ndi mtedza wa chestnut". Kutetezedwa kwa dzinali ndi ntchito ya 2021 ndi 2025.