---
title: "guìhuā lóngjǐng"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/guihualongjing
lang: ny
updated: 2026-09-23
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# guìhuā lóngjǐng (桂花龙井)

Osmanthus longjing ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa longjing (龙井, *lóngjǐng*), wodzazidwa ndi fungo la maluwa amoyo a osmanthus onunkhira (桂花, *guìhuā*). Mwapangidwe, mankhwalawa sali tiyi wobiriwira wokha, koma ali m'gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri la dongosolo la malonda la ku China, lomwe ndi "tiyi wokonzedwanso" (再加工茶, *zài jiāgōng chá*), pomwe mkati mwake muli gulu la tiyi wamaluwa (花茶, *huāchá*). Masamba pano samapanga mtundu wina wa okosijeni. Pamene atenga tiyi womalizidwa kale (茶坯, *chápēi*), amadutsa m'kudzazidwa ndi fungo lamaluwa (窨制, *yìnzhì*).

Kuchokera pano pamatuluka vuto lalikulu la malo awa. Dzina loti "longjing" ku China limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha malo ndipo limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe enieni a masamba, madera a kupanga, ndi luso la kukazinga mosalala. Pamene tiyi wotere akukhala maziko a kudzazidwa ndi fungo lamaluwa, pamabuka funso lomwe opanga ndi ogula amakambirana momasuka. N'chifukwa chiyani amanunkhiza tiyi yemwe ali ndi dzina lodziwika bwino. Yankho lake siliri limodzi, ndipo m'munsimu pali maganizo awiri popanda kuyesa kupereka chigamulo.

## Chifukwa chiyani mu dongosolo la 花茶 maziko pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala tiyi wobiriwira

Malingaliro a tiyi wamaluwa samangidwa mozungulira duwa, koma mozungulira kuthekera kwa masamba kulandira fungo. Maziko oyamba ndi 烘青绿茶 (*hōngqīng lǜchá*), tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa mwanjira yophika. Ndi womasuka, waukulu, wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri (多毫, *duōháo*), wokhala ndi pamwamba pake pa porous. Masamba otere amatenga fungo mwakhama ndipo amalitulutsa pang'onopang'ono. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake pansi pa jasmine (茉莉, *mòlì*) — mtundu waukulu kwambiri komanso wokonzedwa bwino kwambiri wa 花茶 — pafupifupi nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira a 烘青, osati oolong kapena tiyi wofiira.

Kuphatikiza pa sayansi, palinso chifukwa chokomera. Tiyi wobiriwira alibe fungo lake lalikulu. Alibe fungo lamphamvu la kukazinga kapena la okosijeni lomwe lingatsutsane ndi duwa. Fungo lamaluwa limakhala pa maziko owala, osati kukanikiza kudzera mwa iwo. Mitundu ina yokhala ndi maziko enanso ilipo ndipo msika umavomereza — 桂花乌龙 (*guìhuā wūlóng*) pa masamba a oolong, 桂花红茶 (*guìhuā hóngchá*) pa tiyi wofiira — koma amamveka mosiyana. Kumeneko duwa limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi khalidwe la maziko, osati pamwamba pa masamba oyera.

## Momwe longjing amasiyanirana ndi masamba wamba obiriwira

Longjing ndi 扁炒青 (*biǎn chǎoqīng*), tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa mosalala. Amapangidwa ndi kukanikiza pamtunda wotentha kwambiri, masamba amatuluka osalala, olimba, osalala, ubweya umachoka kapena kusalazika. Mbiri yake yafungo imakhala ndi fungo la kukazinga, mtedza, ndi chestnut, "kukazinga" — ndiko kuti fungo lomwe 烘青 ilibe.

Kuti adzaze ndi fungo, izi zikutanthauza kusiyana kochitapo kanthu kochepa.

- **malo ochepa ofikira.** Masamba osalala, ophatikizidwa amatenga fungo pang'onopang'ono komanso mocheperapo kuposa masamba omasuka a kulemera komweko.
- **kupikisana kwa fungo.** Fungo la kukazinga la longjing silichoka, koma limayamba kukambirana ndi lamaluwa. Zotsatira zake zimatengera momwe maziko adakazingidwa mozama.
- **kusiyana kwa kutulutsa.** Fungo lomwe latengedwa pa masamba olimba limakhala mosiyana ndipo mu zipswiti limachoka motsatira njira ina kuposa la jasmine 烘青.
- **chidwi ndi mawonekedwe.** Kuyika kosanjikiza kochuluka ndi duwa lanyowa ndi kuumitsa kotsatira ndi kupsinjika kwa makina ndi kutentha pa masamba osalala opangidwa bwino, ndipo maonekedwe a longjing ndi gawo la mtengo wake wamalonda.

Chifukwa chake osmanthus longjing mwaukadaulo sali wofanana ndi "tiyi wa jasmine wokhala ndi duwa lina". Ili ndi ntchito yapadera, ndipo nthawi zambiri imathetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa misanjiko ndi kuumitsa mosamala.

## Nkhani yotsutsana: kuwononga tiyi wodziwika bwino kapena mtundu wovomerezeka wa nthawi ya autumn

**Maganizo oyamba: kudzazidwa kumachepetsa tiyi.** Mfundo yake ndi yakuti longjing ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha fungo lake lenileni, lomwe limatengera mtundu wa chitsamba, malo, ndi luso la kukazinga. Duwa limaphimba. Kuphatikiza apo, kununkhiza mwakale kunali njira yokwezera mtengo wa zinthu zofooka. Zomwe sizingagulitsidwe pa zokha zimapeza fungo lowala ndi lodziwika. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, dzina loti "longjing" pa paketi ya tiyi wamaluwa limagwira ntchito ngati chida chokopa, osati monga kufotokozera khalidwe, ndipo limasokeretsa wogula.

**Maganizo achiwiri: uwu ndi mtundu woona wa nthawi ya autumn.** Osmanthus imaphukira m'dzinja, ndipo panthawiyi longjing wa masika safikiranso mwatsopano pa kupanga. Koma pali masamba a m'dzinja a chiyambi chomwecho ndi mawonekedwe omwecho. Longjing wa m'dzinja sadzinenera kukhala wa gulu loyamba. Amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa, kukoma kochepa, fungo losavuta, ndipo pa sikelo ya zokolola zapamwamba za masika amakhala pansi. Kudzazidwa ndi fungo lamaluwa kwa masamba otere sikuwononga chinthu chapamwamba, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zomwe zikadapita ku misa yotsika mtengo. Kugwirizana kwanyengo kwa kuphukira kwa duwa ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zoyenera pano sikochitika mwangozi, koma ndi maziko a mtundu wonsewo.

Mfundo ziwirizi zimagwirizana pa mfundo imodzi, ndipo imeneyi ndi yofunika kuposa mkangano wonse. **Longjing wa masika wa gulu lapamwamba samadzazidwa ndi fungo.** Kudzaza zokolola za masika oyambirira ndi kopanda phindu pazachuma, chifukwa fungo lamaluwa limachotsa kusiyana kumene munthu amalipira. Ngati malonda akuwonetsedwa ngati "osmanthus longjing wochokera ku zokolola za masika za gulu lapamwamba", ichi ndi chifukwa chofunsa mafunso, osati kutsimikizira mtengo.

## Kodi dzina 龙井 limatanthauza chiyani pa malo otere

Pa tiyi wamaluwa, mawu oti "longjing" ndi olondola kuwerengedwa monga chisonyezero cha **mawonekedwe a masamba ndi chiyambi cha zokolola**. Ndi tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa mosalala wa mtundu wa Zhejiang, wopangidwa m'dera loyenera komanso motsatira luso loyenera la kupanga mawonekedwe. Umu si chisonyezero cha gulu (等级, *děngjí*) ndipo sikusamutsa mbiri ya 西湖龙井 (*Xīhú lóngjǐng*) yam'masika ku malonda amaluwa omalizidwa.

Mwanjira ina, "longjing" pano akufotokoza khungu lomwe adatenga, osati kukula kwake. Gulu la tiyi wamaluwa limatsimikiziridwa kale ndi magawo ena — makamaka khalidwe la duwa, chiwerengero cha misanjiko ya kudzazidwa, chiyero cha fungo, ndi mkhalidwe wa masamba. Palibe kukhala m'gulu lapamwamba lomwe dzina "longjing" limapereka pa malo awa.

## Mitundu ya osmanthus

Mkati mwa mtundu Osmanthus fragrans pamwambo wimaasiyanitsa magulu amaluwa a m'munda, ndipo kusankha gulu kumakhudza mwachindunji mbiri ya tiyi womalizidwa.

| Gulu la mtundu | Mtundu wa maluwa | Khalidwe la fungo | Udindo pa kudzazidwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 金桂 (*jīnguì*) | achikasu, agolide | fungo lolemera, lolimba | nthawi zambiri amawakonda kuumitsa ndi kununkhiza |
| 银桂 (*yínguì*) | oyera mpaka otumbululuka achikasu | ofewa, ochepa thupi | zolemba zofewa |
| 丹桂 (*dānguì*) | alalanje wofiira | fungo lalikulu, mtundu wowala wa duwa | kuphatikizapo kumene maonekedwe ndi ofunika |
| 四季桂 (*sìjìguì*) | otumbululuka | nthawi zambiri ofooka | osakondweretsa pa kudzazidwa |

Mawu ofotokozera fungo la osmanthus ndi odziwika. Amakhala ndi fungo lokoma lamaluwa lokhala ndi mzere wa apricot, pichesi ndi uchi. Kaŵirikaŵiri "kukhala kwa apricot" kumachititsidwa ndi ma lactones, makamaka γ-decalactone, pamene fungo la violet limachokera ku β-ionone. Zambiri za zofooka zimatengera gulu la mtundu, dera, ndi njira yokonza duwa, choncho magulu amasiyana kwambiri.

## Madera ndi malo apakati

Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa magawo awiri a malo, omwe mu tiyi wamaluwa sagwirizana.

**Malo apakati a duwa.** Guilin (桂林, *Guìlín*) ku Guangxi ndi mzinda umene dzina lake limatanthauza kwenikweni "nkhalango ya osmanthus", wokhala ndi malo a karst ndi chikhalidwe chakale cha osmanthus. Xianning (咸宁, *Xiánníng*) ku Hubei ndi malo odziwika olimako, okhazikika ndi chomerachi. Payekha pali Hangzhou (杭州, *Hángzhōu*) ku Zhejiang ndi mudzi Manjuelong (满觉陇, *Mǎnjuélǒng*) ndi minda yake ya osmanthus ndi "mvula ya masamba" m'dzinja.

**Malo apakati a kudzazidwa.** Kwa 桂花茶 (*guìhuā chá*) msika umatchula Guilin, Xianning ndi Suzhou (苏州, *Sūzhōu*). Womaliza ndi wodziwika bwino ndi tiyi wamaluwa wapamwamba kwambiri. Kwa jasmine, malo otsogola ndi ena. Fuzhou (福州, *Fúzhōu*) ndi kwawo kwa luso, Hengxian (横县, *Héngxiàn*) ndi wopanga waukulu, Beijing ngati msika wakale wa zilembo zapakhomo.

Ndiko ku Zhejiang komwe magawo a malo amakumana. Dera lopanga longjing ndi dera lophukira osmanthus zimagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa mtunduwo kukhala womveka mwatsatanetsatane. Duwa liyenera kulowa m'kuyika lili lamoyo, osati kuyenda theka la dziko.

## Nyengo

Osmanthus imaphukira m'dzinja, ndipo fungo lake mu kalendala ya ku China limagwirizanitsidwa ndi Chikondwerero cha Pakati pa M'dzinja (中秋节, *Zhōngqiū jié*). Maluwa ndi ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi 4–5 mm, amatengedwa pachimake cha kuphukira, nthawi zambiri m'mawa kwambiri. Amagwedezeka pa nsalu kapena maukonde ndipo amasankhidwa mofulumira, kuchotsa nthambi ndi masamba. Duwa latsopano limafota ndikutaya fungo mofulumira kwambiri, choncho nthawi ya ntchito ndi yopapatiza, ndipo kupanga kumangiriridwa ku masabata angapo.

Chomangirira cha nyengo chikufotokozanso chifukwa chake maziko ndi masamba a m'dzinja. Pofika nthawi yophukira, zokolola za masika zidagulitsidwa kale ngati tiyi wodziimira.

## Luso: 窨制 ndi 窨次

Kudzazidwa si kusakaniza, koma njira ya sorption. Zotsatira zonse za tiyi wamaluwa ndi zofanana.

1. **kuyika kosanjikiza** — masamba ndi maluwa atsopano amayikidwa mosanjikiza.
2. **通花散热 (*tōnghuā sànrè*)** — kutembenuza kwa udzu kuti atulutse kutentha kochokera mu kupuma kwa duwa ndi kupewa "kutenthedwa".
3. **起花 (*qǐhuā*)** — kusefera maluwa omwe agwira kale ntchito.
4. **kubwereza kwa kuzungulira** — kudzazidwa kochuluka (多窨, *duōyìn*), kuchokera ku kuthamanga kumodzi kapena zingapo.
5. **提花 (*tíhuā*)** — kumaliza kosanjikiza kwatsopano kwa duwa "kuti kukhale kwatsopano".
6. **kuumitsa** mpaka chinyezi choyenera.

Chiwerengero cha kuzungulira — 窨次 (*yìncì*) — mu tiyi wamaluwa chimakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha kalasi. Kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira, kumakwera mtengo ndikuzama kwa kukhazikika kwa fungo. Mchitidwe wochokera ku "kudzazidwa kumodzi" (一窨, *yī yìn*) mpaka kochuluka mwakale wakonzedwa pa jasmine. Pa longjing, kuchuluka kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Masamba osalala olimba amatenga zochepa, ndipo kuyika kulikonse ndi duwa lanyowa ndi kuumitsa kotsatira kumalemetsa mawonekedwe ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha "kuwotcha" tiyi mpaka wouma wopanda kukoma. Choncho kusamala pa kuchuluka pano si chizindikiro cha kalasi yotsika mwa iko kokha, koma ndi zotsatira za mikhalidwe ya masamba.

Payekha ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti luso la kudzazidwa ku Fuzhou lalembedwa m'ndandanda wa dziko la chikhalidwe chosagwirika. Izi zikukhudza njira ya jasmine, koma zimapereka chitsanzo cha njira pagulu lonse la 花茶.

## Kusiyana ndi zokometsera ndi kusakaniza ndi duwa louma

Pa msika pansi pa mayina ofanana pali zinthu zitatu zosiyana, ndipo ndikofunika kuzisiyanitsa.

- **Kudzazidwa ndi duwa lamoyo (窨制).** Fungo limaperekedwa ku tiyi mwa sorption, kenako duwa logwiritsidwa ntchito limasefedwa. Mu chikho fungo lamaluwa limachokera mu khungu lomwelo.
- **Kusakaniza ndi duwa louma.** Duwa louma la osmanthus limawonjezeredwa ku tiyi womalizidwa. Iyi ndi njira yodziyimira payokha ndipo siyachinyengo kwenikweni. Osmanthus wouma m'chitidwe cha ku China amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowonjezera. Koma pamakina awa ndi kuphatikiza, osati 窨制. Mosiyana ndi tiyi wa jasmine, kumene duwa looneka ndi chizindikiro cha kukongoletsa, pa malonda a osmanthus kupezeka kwa maluwa owuma mu tiyi wouma kumachitika kawirikawiri ndipo sikukhala chizindikiro chodziwikiratu chokha.
- **Chokometsera chakudya (香精, *xiāngjīng*).** Fungo limaperekedwa mwanjira yopanga kapena yochotsera. Iyi ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ilibe chochita ndi duwa kapena 窨制.

Zizindikiro zothandiza zomwe zimasiyanitsa kudzazidwa ndi chokometsera ndi izi. Fungo la tiyi wodzazidwa limatuluka pang'onopang'ono ndipo limasintha kuchokera ku kusefedwa kumodzi kupita ku kenako, kukhalabe logwirizana ndi thupi la madzi. Tiyi wokometsedwa nthawi zambiri amapereka fungo lamphamvu ndi lofanana la khungu louma, lomwe limatsika kwambiri kale mu kusefedwa kwachiwiri kapena kwachitatu ndipo limamveka ngati gawo lapadera, "lomatidwa" pamwamba pa tiyi. Izi ndi zizindikiro, osati kuyesa kwa labotale. Mwazida, sikutheka kusiyanitsa kudzazidwa ndi kununkhiza mwa organoleptics.

Payekha, zinthu za maluwa zokha ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa. Madzi a maluwa a osmanthus okha popanda masamba a tiyi ali m'gulu la zolowa m'malo mwa tiyi (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) ndipo si tiyi, chifukwa mulibe Camellia sinensis. Osmanthus longjing, mosiyana, amakhazikika kwathunthu pa khungu la tiyi.

## Miyezo ndi mawu

Palibe muyezo wa dziko wa GB/T wa 桂花茶. Tiyi wa Jasmine ali ndi muyezo wake wa dziko, longjing monga malonda ndi chizindikiro cha malo ali ndi muyezo wake wa GI, koma palibe chikalata cha dziko chosiyana cha tiyi wa osmanthus. Mwachizolowezi, izi zikutanthauza kuti:

- mawu (kodi "ndi 窨 yochuluka bwanji", chomwe chimaonedwa ngati "premium", kodi ndi kololedwa kusiya duwa louma) amayendetsedwa ndi miyezo yamakampani, yam'deralo kapena yamakampani ndi mapangano a wopanga;
- kufananitsa kalasi pakati pa opanga ndi kovuta;
- dzina "桂花龙井" siliri liwu lotetezedwa ndi zomwe zili zokhazikika, mosiyana ndi 龙井茶.

Nkhaniyi sinapereke manambala enieni a miyezo yam'deralo ndi yamakampani. Tiribe deta yotsimikizika yokhudza izo.

## Mbiri ndi kusefedwa

Mbiri yoyembekezeredwa ndi madzi owala obiriwira, mzere wokoma wamaluwa ndi apricot mu fungo, pambuyo pake umawonekera maziko a longjing a kukazinga, mtedza ndi batala. Chitsanzo chabwino chimaoneka ngati chinthu chimodzi. Duwa silikhala loyima palokha, ndipo thupi la madzi silikhala lopanda kanthu.

Ndondomeko ya kusefedwa ndi yofanana ndi ya tiyi wobiriwira, kusinthidwa chifukwa cha kufewa kwa fungo lamaluwa.

- madzi ozungulira 80–85 °C. Madzi otentha kwambiri amawononga fungo lamaluwa ndikutulutsa kuwawa kwa masamba a m'dzinja.
- ziwiya — galasi, gaiwan kapena tiyapot yaying'ono. Galasi imalola kuwona mawonekedwe a masamba osalala.
- kusefedwa koyamba mwachidule, kenako malinga ndi kukoma.
- fungo ndi lamphamvu kwambiri mu kusefedwa koyamba ndipo limachepa pofika kumapeto. Izi ndi zachibadwa kwa tiyi wodzazidwa.

Palibe muyeso umodzi wokha wa masamba ndi nthawi yomwe ungatchulidwe ngati wokha wolondola pa malo awa. Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi mchitidwe wamba wa maziko obiriwira, osati lamulo.

## Kasungidwe

Tiyi wamaluwa pa maziko obiriwira amaphatikiza zofooka za zigawo zonse ziwiri. Masamba obiriwira amawopa kutentha, kuwala ndi chinyezi. Zinthu zofooka za osmanthus zimachoka zokha ngakhale pakuwumitsa koyenera. Choncho: chidebe chotsekedwa, malo owuma ozizira opanda kuwala ndi fungo lina, kumwa pakanthawi koyenera. Fungo lofowoka, "lafumbi" ndi chizindikiro cha gulu lakale. Kusunga kwanthawi yayitali kwa mtundu uwu kulibe tanthauzo.

## Zomwe nkhaniyi sizimatsimikizira

Mipaka ya chidziwitso apa ndiyoyenera kutchulidwa molunjika.

- **Mbiri ya mtundu.** Tiribe deta yotsimikizika ya zaka, zolemba ndi mayina okhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa osmanthus longjing monga malonda. Sitikunena zakale kapena za kukhala kwa sukulu ina iliyonse ya mbiri, kapena za wolemba.
- **Manambala a luso.** Kuchuluka kofala kwa 窨次 pa malo awa, kutentha, kuchuluka kwa duwa ndi masamba mwa kulemera, kutalika kwa kusintha — sitipereka manambala enieni otsimikizika. Chithunzi chonse cha 窨制 chafotokozedwa malinga ndi dongosolo la tiyi wamaluwa lonse, osati kuchokera ku kuyeza kwa kupanga kwenikweni.
- **Miyezo.** Palibe GB/T ya dziko pa 桂花茶. Manambala a zolemba zam'deralo ndi zamakampani sadziwika ndipo satchulidwa apa.
- **Kuchuluka ndi mitengo.** Tiribe deta ya kuchuluka kwa kupanga, gawo la msika ndi mitengo ya osmanthus longjing. Malangizo amitengo a duwa louma sakhala oyenera mwachindunji ku tiyi womalizidwa.
- **Kumangiriza kwa mtundu.** Sitikunena kuti pa maziko a longjing amakonda mwadongosolo gulu limodzi la mtundu wa osmanthus. Zimadziwika kokha kuti msika umakonda 金桂 kuuma ndi kununkhiza.
- **Kusiyanitsa pa kukoma.** Sikutheka kusiyanitsa mokhazikika kudzazidwa ndi duwa lamoyo ndi chokometsera pa kukoma kokha. Zizindikiro zotchulidwa ndi malangizo ongotheka.
- **Gulu la maziko.** Mfundo yakuti pansi pa kudzazidwa pamapita masamba a m'dzinja osati a masika imaonetsa malingaliro azachuma ndi anyengo a mtundu. Sitikunena kuti izi zili choncho nthawi zonse, ndipo sitimatsimikizira zomwe zili mu gulu linalake.
- **Zaumoyo.** Nkhaniyi siyimapatse tiyi uyu mphamvu zilizonse zamankhwala kapena zathanzi. Osmanthus ndi chakudya. Kafukufuku wa zotsutsana ndi okosijeni amakhudza zomwe zili, osati zotsatira za chakumwa.

## Pomaliza

Osmanthus longjing ndi malonda a nyengo pa mphambano ya miyambo iwiri. Ndi tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa mosalala wa ku Zhejiang ndi duwa la m'dzinja, lomwe mu chikhalidwe cha China lokha limatanthauza m'dzinja. Mkangano wokhudza kuvomerezeka kwake suthetsedwa momveka, chifukwa mbali zonse zimalankhula zinthu zosiyana. Otsutsa amateteza mbiri ya dzina, otsatira amafotokoza mchitidwe weniweni wa ntchito ndi masamba a m'dzinja. Chothandiza kwambiri ndikukhala ndi kusintha kumodzi m'maganizo. Mawu oti "longjing" pano amatanthauza mawonekedwe ndi chiyambi cha masamba, osati gulu kapena kutsatira kwa zokolola za masika. Zina zonse — khalidwe la duwa, kusamala kwa kudzazidwa ndi kukhulupirika kwa wopanga — zimayesedwa payekha, kunja kwa kukula kwa dzina pa paketi.