---
title: "Guānshān liánqiào chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/guanshan-lianqiao-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Guānshān liánqiào chá (冠山连翘茶)

**Guānshān Liánqiào Chá** (*Guānshān liánqiào chá*, 冠山连翘茶) — "tii ya ku Guanshan yochokera ku forsythia", chakumwa chochokera ku masamba ang'ono ndi masamba a forsythia (连翘, *liánqiào*) m'boma la Pingding (平定县) m'chigawo cha Yangquan m'chigawo cha Shanxi. Mulibe tiyi wa *Camellia sinensis* mmenemo: ichi ndi choloweza mmalo mwa tiyi (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) chochokera m'banja la "tiyi zamankhwala zaku Shanxi" (山西药茶). Dzina lakuti Yánnián Qiào (延年翘, *Yánnián qiào*), "forsythia ya moyo wautali", malinga ndi nthano linaperekedwa ndi mfumu; tsopano ilinso chizindikiro cha wopanga. Masamba amakonzedwa monga tiyi m'mitundu itatu — "yofiira", "yobiriwira" ndi "ya buluu" (青茶). Dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographical kuyambira 2021 komanso ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical kuyambira 2025.

**1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Choloweza mmalo mwa tiyi (代用茶), osati tiyi wochokera ku *Camellia sinensis*. "Yofiira", "yobiriwira" ndi "ya buluu" ndi njira zokonzedwera masamba, osati magulu a tiyi.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi yamankhwala yaku Shanxi; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Shanxi (山西, *Shānxī*), mzinda wa Yangquan (阳泉, *Yángquán*), boma la Pingding (平定, *Píngdìng*).
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Matauni a Guanshan (冠山镇) ndi Yesi (冶西镇) m'boma la Pingding — midzi 78 ndi malo okhalamo. Wopempha — Pingding Specialty Products Association (平定特产协会).
* **Zogwirizana za geographical:** 113°28′15″–113°35′35″ E, 37°45′30″–38°06′30″ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano za Qing.** Wopanga ndi tsamba la cholowa chosagwirika amalemba kuti dzina lakuti 延年翘 linaperekedwa kwa chakumwachi ndi mfumu Kangxi ndipo kuti munthawi ya Qing chinali msonkho kwa nyumba yachifumu. Malinga ndi akuluakulu a boma la Yangquan, nkhaniyi ndi yosiyana: dzinalo linaperekedwa ndipo msonkho unakhazikitsidwa ndi mfumu Qianlong. Magwero amasiyana, palibe zolemba za izi zomwe zapezeka.
    * **Nthano ya msonkho.** Malinga ndi nthano yomwe tsamba la mankhwala achikhalidwe limafotokoza, msonkho pa nthawi ya Qianlong unali madani makumi asanu pachaka, osonkhanitsa ankafa pazingwe, ndipo mfumu, itamva za anthu omwalira, inathetsa msonkhowo.
    * **Kubwezeretsa.** Malinga ndi atolankhani akumaloko, luso linatsala pang'ono kutha; linabwezeretsedwa ndi kampani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2011 kuchokera kumudzi wa Hougou (后沟村) m'tauni ya Guanshan.
    * **2017.** Luso lachikhalidwe lopanga lidalowetsedwa m'ndandanda wa zigawo wa cholowa chosagwirika cha Shanxi.
    * **2020.** Mu March, boma la chigawo linalengeza chizindikiro cha boma cha "山西药茶"; tiyi zamankhwala za chigawochi zikukuzidwa ngati gawo lofunikira kuyambira 2018.
    * **2021.** Kulembetsa chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographical cha Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; malinga ndi Baidu encyclopedia — 4 June.
    * **2025.** Chilengezo cha State Intellectual Property Office No. 640 cha 16 July 2025 (patsamba — 13 August) chinazindikira chakumwachi ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical, m'gulu lazinthu 1409.
* **Dzina:** Guanshan (冠山) — phiri ndi tauni ya dzina lomwelo m'boma la Pingding; 连翘 — forsythia; 茶 — tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Wopanga amalemba kuti adamanga pansi pa phiri la Guanshan malo opangira zinthu ndi malo osungira luso, ndipo zida zopangira ndi kumwa adazisintha kukhala 紫砂 zaku Pingding.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Chomera:** Forsythia (连翘, *Forsythia suspensa*) — chitsamba cha mankhwala, m'miyambo chimatchedwa 黄金条 ("ndodo zagolide"). Kumayambiriro kwa masika chimachita maluwa achikasu, kenako chimatulutsa mphukira zazing'ono.
* **Mtundu:** Zofunikira za chitetezo pagawo la "mtundu" zimatchula dzina la chinthu chenichenicho; palibe mitundu yosankhidwa yomwe yapezeka.
* **Zakutchire ndi zobzalidwa:** Atolankhani amatsindika kwambiri forsythia yakutchire (pafupifupi ma 2500 mu a forsythia yakutchire yotetezedwa ndi wopanga, 2022). Koma zofunikira za chitetezo zimafotokozanso kulima — kubzala, cuttings, kubzala 2 × 1.5 m, kudula mphukira yayikulu pa kutalika kwa 70–80 cm, feteleza, — ndipo m'nkhani ya 2025 amatchula kale "zobzalidwa ndi zakutchire" za forsythia.
* **Zopangira ndi kusonkhanitsa:** Mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba; malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo — kusonkhanitsa pamanja kumayambiriro kwa April. Wopanga amawona kuti masamba abwino kwambiri ndi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa chisanafike nyengo ya Guyu (谷雨, pafupifupi 20 April); mu 2025 adatcha nyengo yopangira kukhala April — July.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Taihangshan (太行山) kum'mawa kwa Shanxi.
* **Kutalika kwa kumera:** **600–1200 m** — malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo.
* **Dothi ndi malo:** Dothi lakuya, lachonde, lofewa, lotulutsa madzi bwino la sandy loam (砂质壤土); mapiri a mthunzi pang'ono kapena otetezedwa ku mphepo, malo otsetsereka pang'ono.
* **Nyengo:** Sizinafotokozedwe m'malemba a chitetezo; palibe zomwe zapezeka.
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi Baidu encyclopedia, mu 2020 dera lotetezedwa linkapereka mahekitala 500 ndi matani 100 pachaka; wopanga mu 2025 amayembekezera pafupifupi matani 50 pachaka.

**5. Tekinoloje Yopangira:**

Zofunikira za chitetezo zimapereka njira zitatu; masitepe oyamba ndi ofanana kwa onse — kusankha ndi kusanja masamba atsopano, kugwedeza (摇青, *yáoqīng*), kuyanika padzuwa ([晒青](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shai-qing), *shàiqīng*), kufowoketsa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).

1.  **"Yofiira" (连翘红茶):** kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*) → kupesa (发酵, *fājiào*) → kuyanika koyamba → "kukweza fungo" (提香, *tíxiāng*).
2.  **"Yobiriwira" (连翘绿茶):** kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*) → kupota → kuumba → kuyanika.
3.  **"Ya buluu" (连翘青茶):** kuthira nthunzi kasanu ndi kamodzi (九次蒸青) → kupota kasanu ndi katatu → kuyanika.

Njira yachikhalidwe m'magwero akumaloko imatchedwa "kuthira nthunzi kasanu ndi kamodzi ndi kuyanika kasanu ndi kamodzi" (九蒸九晒, *jiǔ zhēng jiǔ shài*) ndipo amalemba kuti m'miyambo imapatsirana kwa zaka zoposa zana. Mu 2021 wopanga adaika mizere inayi: umodzi — wa njira iyi, wopangidwa ndi iwo omwe, itatu — zodziwikiratu zochokera kumwera kwa China.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Kufotokozera kwachokera ku zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025; mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zake.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** "Yobiriwira" — yobiriwira yakuda (深绿); "yofiira" — yakuda yonyezimira (乌润). Kwa "ya buluu" palibe kufotokozera.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kwapezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** "Yobiriwira" — yachilengedwe komanso yosangalatsa (自然芬芳). Kwa "yofiira" ndi "ya buluu" palibe kufotokozera kwapadera kwa fungo.
* **Kukoma:** "Ya buluu" — kwatsopano, kofewa komanso kopadera (鲜醇独特), mkamwa kwatsopano komanso konunkhira (口感清新芳香), ndi kuzizira pang'ono ndi dzanzi (略有凉麻); "yofiira" — yodzaza, ndi kukoma kotsekemera pambuyo pake (醇厚，回味甘甜).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** "Yobiriwira" — wobiriwira wopepuka (浅绿); "yofiira" — wofiira komanso wowala (红明); "ya buluu" — woyera komanso wowonekera (清亮).
* **Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa):** "Yobiriwira" — wobiriwira wabuluu (青绿); "yofiira" — wofiira komanso wonyezimira (红亮).

Masamba obiriwira akuda, madzi obiriwira opepuka ndi pansi wobiriwira wabuluu — lamulo la "zobiriwira zitatu" (三绿).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

| Chizindikiro | Mulingo wa chitetezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 10 % |
| Phulusa | osapitirira 4.5 g pa 100 g |

Palibe zomwe zapezeka za zinthu zogwira ntchito m'masamba.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za chakumwa ichi. Mawu oti "mankhwala" m'dzina la makampani ndi otsatsa, palibe chotsimikizidwa mwachipatala.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Palibe magawo a chakumwa ichi omwe apezeka; pansipa pali magawo wamba a masamba okonzedwa monga tiyi.

* **Mtundu "wobiriwira":** 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kupangira koyamba 40–60 masekondi, kuthira kawiri kapena katatu.
* **"Yofiira" ndi "ya buluu":** 90–95 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kupangira koyamba pafupifupi miniti imodzi, kuthira kangapo ndikuwonjezera nthawi.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan kapena mtsuko wawung'ono wa tiyi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Mu paketi yolimba, pamalo owuma amdima, kutali ndi fungo; mtundu "wobiriwira" — pamalo ozizira ndipo mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe zomwe zapezeka za mitengo.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical pafupi ndi dzina 冠山连翘茶.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku matauni a Guanshan kapena Yesi.
    * Zopangira ziyenera kukhala masamba a forsythia, osati masamba a tiyi.
    * Maonekedwe ayenera kugwirizana ndi mtundu: kwa "wobiriwira" — "zobiriwira zitatu", kwa "wofiira" — masamba akuda onyezimira ndi madzi ofiira owala.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Mtundu "wa buluu" umathiridwa nthunzi kasanu ndi kamodzi ndikupotedwa kasanu ndi katatu; chiwerengero cha kuthira nthunzi chikugwirizana ndi njira yakale ya "kuthira nthunzi kasanu ndi kamodzi ndi kuyanika kasanu ndi kamodzi".
* Nthano ya msonkho imathera osati ndi ulemerero, koma ndi kuthetsedwa.
* Mu chilengezo No. 640 palinso forsythia zina za ku Shanxi — Pingshun, Jiangxian, Qinyuan, — koma popanda mawu oti "tiyi": kumeneko chomera chenichenicho chimatetezedwa.
* Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya mzinda, chigawochi chikufuna kupanga tiyi yamankhwala kukhala "dongosolo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la tiyi" la China.

**13. Kufanizira ndi "tiyi" zina zosachokera ku chomera cha tiyi:**

* **Máoyán [Méichá](https://thetea.app/ny/article/meicha) ([茅岩莓茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/maoyan-meicha)):** Chakumwa cha ku Hunan kuchokera ku mpesa *Ampelopsis grossedentata*, chokhalanso kuchokera ku chilengezo No. 640.
* **Hónghú Héyè Chá ([洪湖荷叶茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/honghu-heye-cha)):** Masamba a lotus ochokera ku Hubei, ochokera ku chilengezo chomwecho.
* **Kǔdīng ([苦丁茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/kuding-cha)):** Chakumwa chowawa kuchokera ku masamba a zomera zobiriwira nthawi zonse.
* **Jiǎogǔlán ([绞股蓝](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jiaogulan)):** Gynostemma, mpesa waudzu.

**Pomaliza:**

Guānshān Liánqiào Chá si tiyi, koma masamba a forsythia ochokera ku mapiri a Taihangshan, okonzedwa monga tiyi m'mitundu itatu: "yobiriwira" yokhala ndi "zobiriwira zitatu", "yofiira" yokhala ndi kupesa ndi "ya buluu" yomwe imathiridwa nthunzi kasanu ndi kamodzi. Ulemerero wa mfumu umakhala pa nthano, ndipo zolemba zamakono: cholowa cha chigawo kuyambira 2017, chitetezo cha dzina kuyambira 2021.