---
title: "Ēnshī xīchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/enshi-xicha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Ēnshī xīchá (恩施硒茶)

**Enshi Xicha** (*Ēnshī xīchá*, 恩施硒茶) ndi dzina lambula la tiyi wa mudera la Enshi Tujia ndi Miao Autonomous Prefecture (恩施土家族苗族自治州) kumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hubei. Chizindikiro 硒 (*xī*) chimatanthauza "selenium": dzinali silikunena za mtundu wa tiyi kapena mtundu wa chomera, koma za chizindikiro cha nthaka, yomwe ili ndi selenium yochuluka mwachibadwa. Pansi pa dzina limeneli mudera lasonkhanitsa mitundu yake ya tiyi ya magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo awiri mwa iwo asanduka otsogolera: wobiriwira Enshi Yulu ndi wofiira Lichuan Hong, mgwirizano wa mudera wa "一红一绿" — "wofiira mmodzi, wobiriwira mmodzi". Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical kuyambira 2019, ndipo mu 2022 malo a chizindikirocho adakulitsidwa ku mudera lonse.

**1. Classification ndi Origin:**

* **Mtundu:** Palibe gulu limodzi. Koleji ya selenium tea pafupi ndi Hubei Enshi Institute (湖北恩施学院) imatchula pansi pa ambulayo tiyi wobiriwira, wofiira, oolong (青茶, *qīngchá*), wakuda ndi woyera, komanso tiyi "wapadera". Kupereka ambulayo gulu la wobiriwira chifukwa chakuti tiyi wodziwika kwambiri wa Enshi ndi wobiriwira kungakhale kulakwitsa.
* **Gulu:** Mtundu wa mudera lonse ndi chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical; mkati mwake muli mitundu isanu ndi itatu (gawo 2).
* **Origin:** China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), Enshi Tujia ndi Miao Autonomous Prefecture (恩施, *Ēnshī*).
* **Malo a chizindikiro:** Malinga ndi lipoti la kusamutsidwa kwa chizindikiro mu 2022, malo opangira adakulitsidwa kufika ku midadada 91, matauni, matauni a mzinda, zone zachitukuko ndi malo owonera zinthu m'maboma onse asanu ndi limodzi ndi matauni awiri a mudera. Mu mndandanda wa chigawo cha 2020, wogwirizira chizindikiro adatchulidwa kuti ndi bungwe la tiyi la mzinda wa Enshi, ndipo registry ya 2026 ikupitiriza kutchula mzinda wa Enshi — uku ndi kukhala kwa wogwirizira mwalamulo, osati malire alamulo a malowa; sindinayang'ane izi.
* **Geographical coordinates:** Mzinda wa Enshi ndi pafupifupi 30.3° N lat. ndi 109.5° E lon.

**2. Mbiri ndi Cultural Significance:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Tiyi asanayambe ambulayo.** Malinga ndi Koleji ya selenium tea, mbiri yolembedwa ya ulimi wa tiyi m'mudera ndi zaka zoposa 2,000; Enshi Yulu adapangidwa mu zaka za Kangxi (康熙) za Qing dynasty, Wujia Tai Gong Cha ([伍家台贡茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wujiatai-gongcha)) ali ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa 300, ndipo lichuan gongfu hongcha ali ndi zaka zoposa 160 za kutumiza kunja.
    * **2015–2019 — kulembetsa chizindikiro.** Zolemba za chizindikiro zinaperekedwa mu August 2015. Malinga ndi lipoti la ofesi ya kuyang'anira msika ya mudera, kuyambira 2012 bungwe la boma la zizindikiro silinalembetse zizindikiro za zinthu zokhala ndi selenium — zinali zochuluka kwambiri — ndipo kwa "恩施硒茶" kumapeto kwa 2017 adapanga kupatula. Mu November 2019 mudera udalengeza za kulembetsa: ichi ndi chizindikiro chake cha 34 cha geographical. Malinga ndi mndandanda wa chigawo, chizindikiro № 17754772 (gulu 30, chinthu — tiyi, gawo la Chingerezi "ENSHI SE-TEA") likugwira ntchito kuyambira 28 July 2019 mpaka 27 July 2029.
    * **2022 — chizindikiro chimakhala cha mudera lonse.** Pa 20 January bungwe la boma la zizindikiro lidavomereza kusamutsidwa kwa zizindikiro zitatu za certification ya geographical — 恩施硒茶, [恩施玉露](https://thetea.app/ny/article/enshi-yulu) ndi [利川红](https://thetea.app/ny/article/lichuan-hong) — kwa bungwe la tiyi la mudera, ndi kukulitsa malowo ku mudera lonse. Ulamuliro umatsatira "mgwirizano wachisanu": mtundu, zizindikiro, muyezo wa khalidwe, zopakira ndi malemba otsatsa — onse amodzi.
    * **Mphotho.** Pamodzi ndi Lichuan Hong ndi Enshi Yulu dzinali linapambana mphotho ya golide ya mpikisano wa Hubei wa mitundu ya geographical indications (lipoti la Hubei Intellectual Property Office, 2022).
    * **2023.** Mu mndandanda wa mbiri ya mitundu zana ya regional ya zinthu zaulimi zokhala ndi geographical indications Enshi Xicha ndi 89th ponseponse ndi 32nd pakati pa tiyi; Enshi Yulu ndi 50th ndi 21st.
* **Mitundu isanu ndi itatu pansi pa ambulayo** (malinga ndi mndandanda wa Koleji ya selenium tea): 恩施玉露, 伍家台贡茶, [唐崖茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tangya-cha), 利川工夫红茶, [鹤峰茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/hefeng-cha), 炜丰茶, 金果茶 ndi 武陵龙凤 (金祈藤茶). "藤茶" ku Enshi amatcha chakumwa chochokera ku mpesa *Ampelopsis grossedentata* (显齿蛇葡萄) — motero amafotokozera chinthu chotetezedwa [来凤藤茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/laifeng-tengcha) cha boma la Laifeng la mudera womwewo; ngati mtundu wotsirizawo umachokera ku chomera chomwecho, ambulayo imaphimba ngakhale chosakhala tiyi. Sindinayang'ane zomwe zili mkati mwake.
* **Dzina:** 恩施 ndi dzina la mudera ndi mzinda, 硒 ndi selenium, 茶 ndi tiyi. Mu gawo la Chingerezi la chizindikiro selenium idalembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chemical: "SE-TEA".
* **Cultural significance:** Malinga ndi zolemba za Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse la Tiyi 2022, m'mudera muli anthu a tujia, miao, dong ndi ena — mafuko 28 onse a ochepa; pakati pa miyambo ya tiyi atchulidwa "tiyi wa m'chikho" (罐罐茶), "tiyi woperekedwa kasanu ndi kawiri" (六道茶), "msuzi wa tiyi wamafuta" (油茶汤) ndi nyimbo "六口茶". Ukadaulo wa Enshi Yulu uli m'mndandanda wa boma wa chikhalidwe chosagwira m'manja, Wujia Tai Gong Cha uli pamndandanda wachiwiri wa mgwirizano wa China ndi European Union wa geographical indications.

**3. Botanical Description ndi Raw Material:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Palibe mtundu umodzi wa ambulayo; m'magwero opezeka mitundu sinatchulidwe. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu uliwonse zafotokozedwa m'nkhani zake.
* **Raw material ndi kukolola:** Masamba kuchokera m'malo a chizindikiro; muyezo wa kukolola uli wosiyana pa mtundu uliwonse, palibe deta ya ambulayo.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hubei.
* **Nthaka:** Chizindikiro chachikulu cha terroir ndi selenium yambiri yachibadwa. Palibe chiwerengero cha nthaka m'magwero opezeka; manambala a tiyi ali mu gawo 7.
* **Malo a minda:** Deta imasiyana. Zolemba za "Hubei Daily" za Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse la Tiyi 2022 zimanena mahekitala 1.812 miliyoni a minda, mwa iwo mahekitala 1.437 miliyoni obala, ndi mahekitala 722.7 masauzande a malo a "green" ndi organic raw material a mulingo wa boma. Tsamba la Koleji ya selenium tea limanena mahekitala 1.3 miliyoni ndi malo achisanu pakati pa madera a tiyi a dziko pamtunda wa mudera; tsambalo silinena chaka cha deta.
* **Kutalika ndi nyengo:** Palibe deta m'magwero opezeka.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Palibe ukadaulo umodzi wa ambulayo: imatsimikizidwa ndi gulu ndi mtundu. Enshi Yulu ndi tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi steam fixation (蒸青, *zhēngqīng*), Lichuan Hong ndi tiyi wofiira wokhala ndi oxidation yathunthu; tsatanetsatane uli m'nkhani za corpus zokhudza iwo.

Zolemba za encyclopedia zimatchula gulu standard "恩施硒茶" ya 2019. Sindinawone zolemba za standard, choncho sindikupereka zofuna zake.

**6. Organoleptic Characteristics:**

Pansi pa dzina limodzi pali tiyi wa magulu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake palibe kufotokozera kofanana.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe a ambulayo m'magwero opezeka.
* **Funso la masamba owuma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe a ambulayo m'magwero opezeka.
* **Funso la madzi:** Palibe mafotokozedwe a ambulayo m'magwero opezeka.
* **Kukoma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe a ambulayo m'magwero opezeka.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Palibe mafotokozedwe a ambulayo m'magwero opezeka.
* **Masamba atatha kuphika:** Palibe mafotokozedwe a ambulayo m'magwero opezeka.

**7. Chemical Composition:**

Koleji ya selenium tea ikupereka manambala awa a selenium mu "恩施硒茶":

| Chizindikiro | Selenium yomwe ili |
| :--- | :--- |
| Avereji | 0.21 mg/kg |
| Avereji m'madera a selenium yambiri | 6.42 mg/kg |
| Chachikulu | 66.66 mg/kg |

Gwero silinatchule njira, chaka kapena zitsanzo; sizodziwika bwino kuti chachikulu chikukhudza chiyani. Uku ndi chongolera chokhala ndi attribution, osati muyezo. Sindikupanga mfundo zokhudza thanzi kuchokera ku manambalawa.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deta yotsimikiziridwa ya zotsatira za tiyi ameneyu makamaka.

**9. Kuphika:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu — parameters zimatengera mtundu wa tiyi uli pansi pa ambulayo m'manja.

* **Wobiriwira (mwachitsanzo, Enshi Yulu):** 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kuphika koyamba masekondi 40–60, kapu ya galasi kapena gaiwan, kubweza kawiri kapena katatu.
* **Wofiira (mwachitsanzo, Lichuan Hong):** 90–95 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kuphika koyamba pafupifupi miniti imodzi, gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain, kutsanulira kangapo ndi kuwonjezera nthawi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Tiyi wobiriwira — mu zopakira zotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, amwe mkati mwa chaka. Wofiira — pamalo owuma a mdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, mu zopakira zolimba, kutali ndi fungo.

**11. Price ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m'magwero opezeka; mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mtengo wake.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical "恩施硒茶" (№ 17754772) ndi zolemba zogwirizana za mtundu wa mudera.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga akuchokera ku Enshi Tujia ndi Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
    * Musasokoneze ndi chizindikiro china "[恩施富硒茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/enshi-fuxicha)" (№ 4150055): ili ndi dzina lina.
    * Selenium m'dzina siyikutsimikizira chilichonse: chiwerengero chingaperekedwe kokha ndi protocol ya mayeso.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Bungwe la boma silinalembetse zizindikiro zokhala ndi selenium m'dzina kuyambira 2012; "恩施硒茶" inadutsa ngati kupatula. Malinga ndi lipoti la mudera, njira yopita ku chizindikiro idatenga zaka zoposa zisanu, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimatenga miyezi sikisi mpaka chaka.
* Mu registry pafupi pali mayina awiri a selenium a mudera — 恩施硒茶 ndi wakale 恩施富硒茶; mwalamulo akugwirizana bwanji, m'magwero opezeka sitingathe kudziwa.
* Chizindikiro, cholembedwa mu 2019 ndi bungwe la mzinda umodzi, mu January 2022 chinakhala cha mudera lonse — pamodzi ndi 恩施玉露 ndi 利川红.
* Mu mndandanda wa 2023 ambulayo ili pansi pa mtundu wake womwe Enshi Yulu.

**13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena:**

* **Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露):** Tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi steam fixation, umodzi mwa mitundu iwiri yotsogolera pansi pa ambulayo.
* **Lichuan Hong (利川红):** Tiyi wofiira wa mzinda wa Lichuan, mtundu wachiwiri wotsogolera.
* **Wujia Tai Gong Cha (伍家台贡茶):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Xuan'en, umodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya ambulayo.
* **Hefeng Cha (鹤峰茶):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Hefeng la mudera womwewo, nawonso mtundu pansi pa ambulayo.
* **Kaiyang Fu Xi Cha ([开阳富硒茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/kaiyang-fu-xi-cha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa Guizhou, nawonso ndi selenium m'dzina.

**Pomaliza:**

Enshi Xicha si tiyi, koma chikwangwani pamwamba pa tiyi: chizindikiro cha mudera, chomwe chinasonkhanitsa pansi pa dzina la selenium wobiriwira Enshi Yulu, wofiira Lichuan Hong ndi mitundu ina isanu ndi umodzi ya magulu osiyanasiyana. Zolemba zake zimafotokoza za kayendetsedwe ka mtundu — kulembetsa kwa 2019, kusamutsa kwa bungwe la mudera mu 2022, zolemba zogwirizana — osati maonekedwe a tiyi. Kwa kukoma muyenera kupita ku mtundu weniweni, ndipo kwa selenium — ku protocol ya mayeso.