---
title: "Chóngqìng pípá chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/chongqing-pipa-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Chóngqìng pípá chá (崇庆枇杷茶)

**Chóngqìng Pípá Chá** (*Chóngqìng pípá chá*, 崇庆枇杷茶) ndi “tii ya ku Chongqing yokhala ndi masamba ngati a lokwa (枇杷, *Eriobotrya japonica*)”, tii wobiriwira wa kumapiri a kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Chongzhou (崇州市) womwe uli pansi pa Chengdu, m’chigawo cha Sichuan. Lokwa m’menemo kulibe: dzinali linapatsidwa ku mitengo ya tii yokha chifukwa masamba ake amafanana ndi masamba a lokwa. “Chóngqìng” (崇庆) ndi dzina lakale la dera ndi chigawo; ndi mzinda wa Chongqing (重庆) amangofanana m’katchulidwe kokha. Kufotokoza kwa lamulo la zaulimi kumangonena za tii wobiriwira, ngakhale kuti kuchokera ku zinthu zomwezo masiku ano amapanganso tii wofiira, woyera ndi wakuda.

**1. Kugawidwa ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*): njira zonse zitatu m’kufotokoza kwa lamulo zimayamba ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha (杀青, *shāqīng*).
* **Gulu:** Tii wobiriwira wa kumapiri a Sichuan; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Sichuan (四川, *Sìchuān*), mzinda wa Chengdu, mzinda wa Chongzhou (崇州, *Chóngzhōu*); likulu lake ndi tawuni ya Wenjingjiang (文井江镇).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Mapiri a Longmenshan (龙门山) m’malire a matauni a Huaiyuan (怀远镇), Sanlang (三郎镇), Jiezi (街子镇), Wenjingjiang ndi chigawo cha Jiguanshan (鸡冠山乡): matauni ndi zigawo zisanu, midzi 23.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa lamulo, 103°19′24,1″–103°28′1,8″ E, 30°44′49″–30°47′16″ N.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano.** Malinga ndi nthano, tii uja ankatumizidwa ku khothi monga “Longmen gongcha” (龙门贡茶); m’madeti magwero amasiyana: atolankhani a m’deralo amalemba za Song, ena za Song ndi Ming, ndipo kufotokoza kwa lamulo ndi tsamba la alendo la Sichuan amalemba za Qing. Kufotokozanso kumeneku kumatchula Chongzhou kukhala limodzi mwa madera asanu ndi atatu otchuka a tii a nthawi za Tang ndi Song, koma awa ndi mawu a gwero, osati mfundo yotsimikiziridwa.
    * **Zolemba zakale.** “Mbiri ya dera la Chongqing” (崇庆州志) ya nthawi ya Guangxu imalongosola pípá chá monga mitengo ya kutalika kwa chang kapena ziwiri, yokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu okhuthala; tii wochokera m’menemo ankatchedwa “tii wokhuthala” (粗毛茶, *cūmáochá*). Malinga ndi kubwerezedwa kwa tsamba la tii, “Mbiri ya chigawo cha Chongqing” (崇庆县志) imatchula mitengo ya kutalika kwa chang ziwiri kapena zitatu, imene anthu am’deralo ankapangira tii kuchokera ku mphukira zazing’ono m’malo mwa pu’er; cholembedwacho chenichenicho sichinapezeke kuti chitsimikizidwe.
    * **1959.** Wogwira ntchito ku bungwe la tii la Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences anaphunzira pípá chá kwa chaka choposa chimodzi m’zigawo za Wanjia (万家乡) ndi Goujia (苟家乡) ndipo anasindikiza nkhani yakuti “Chongqing pípá chá” m’magazini ya “Tii” (茶叶), 1959, № 5. Malinga ndi kubwerezedwa kwa atolankhani, nkhaniyo inalongosola kuti kuchuluka kwa ma tannins ndi zinthu zotulutsa kunapangitsa tii wofiira wochokera ku zinthu zimenezi kukhala wabwino kwambiri komanso wofanana ndi dianhong.
    * **1965.** Pípá chá anawonjezeredwa m’gulu la mitundu 21 yabwino kwambiri ya tii m’dziko.
    * **1985.** Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa lamulo, komiti ya chigawo yoona za mitundu inavomereza pípá chá kukhala imodzi mwa mitundu isanu yosankhidwa ya tii ya Sichuan.
    * **2009 ndi 2019.** Mu June 2009 dzinalo linalembetsedwa ngati geographical indication ya zaulimi; mu 2019 luso lopanga pípá chá linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa cholowa chosagwirika cha Chengdu.
    * **2025.** Mwa chilengezo № 646 cha pa 23 September, China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) inavomereza Chóngqìng Pípá Chá kukhala chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication. Malinga ndi buku la encyclopaedia, mu December chaka chomwecho luso lopanga linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa cholowa chosagwirika cha chigawo monga kukulitsa gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri; kutsimikizira zimenezi kuchokera ku gwero loyambirira sikunatheke.
* **Dzina:** 崇庆 (*Chóngqìng*) ndi dzina lakale la dera ndi chigawo; 枇杷 (*pípá*) ndi lokwa, kutengera mawonekedwe a masamba; 茶 (*chá*) ndi tii.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Dzina la “kwawo kwa pípá chá ya China” (中国枇杷茶之乡) ndi la tawuni ya Wenjingjiang. Chikondwerero cha masika chotuta masamba m’tawuniyi mu 2022 chinachitika kachisanu ndi chinayi, mu 2023 kakhumi, mu 2024 kakhumi ndi kawiri.

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Si mtundu wosankhidwa, koma gulu la m’deralo (群体品种, *qúntǐ pǐnzhǒng*), lopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe. Mtundu wa mtengo ([乔木](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu)型, *qiáomùxíng*) wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu. Kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumatchula “崇庆枇杷茶” kukhala dzina la tii komanso dzina la mtundu. Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo (2022), chomeracho chimayamba kukula mwamsanga, chimapereka mphukira zaminofu ndi masamba, ndipo chimakula bwino; tii wochokera m’menemo ndi wonunkhira, wodzaza, ndipo umapirira mitsuko yambiri; malo okhawo a pípá chá m’dziko akuti ndi Chongzhou.
* **Maonekedwe:** Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo, mitengo imakula kuposa 10 m. Mtengo wakale kwambiri umatchedwa mtengo pa phiri la Dapingshan (大塀山) ku Wenjingjiang: malinga ndi tsamba la alendo la Sichuan (2021), uli ndi zaka zoposa 400, kutalika 9.2 m.
* **Mitengo yakale:** Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo, ku Wenjingjiang kuli mitengo yoposa chikwi yoposa zaka zana (buku la magawidwe a maofesi limatchula 1135, kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumatchula 1292 ya mitengo yakale yonse ku Chongzhou); yoposa zaka chikwi ndi “yoposa 10” (2022) kapena “yoposa 20” (2024). M’mudzi wa Chayuan (茶园村) m’tauni ya Jiezi, malinga ndi uthenga wa 2026, kulinso mitengo yoposa chikwi yoposa zaka zana; minda yake ili m’malo otetezedwa a giant panda ndipo ili ndi ziphaso za organic.
* **Kututa:** Kumayambiriro kwa masika, mu March. Otuta amakwera nthambi ndi chingwe ndipo amatenga mphukira imodzi ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri. Tii wamba, malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa lamulo, amatutidwa m’masika, m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chongzhou: kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumatchula mapiri a Longmenshan, tsamba la alendo la Sichuan limatchula Qionglaishan (邛崃山).
* **Kutalika kwa malo:** Mapiri a m’derali amachokera 700 mpaka 3868 m; kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumatchula kutalika kokwanira pafupifupi 1000 m ndipo kumafuna kuti minda ikhazikitsidwe pamenepo. Atolankhani a m’deralo amatchula 800–1400 m kwa Wenjingjiang.
* **Nyengo:** Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 15 °C, mvula 1200 mm, chinyezi cha mpweya 84 %, m’mapiri kumakhala nkhungu pafupipafupi.
* **Madzi ndi nkhalango:** Mitsinje ya m’derali, Xihe (西河), Heishihe (黑石河) ndi Jinmahe (金马河), ndi ya m’beseni la Minjiang. Nkhalango, malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo, imaphimba kuposa 95% ya tawuni ya Wenjingjiang.
* **Nthaka:** Nthaka zofiirira za nthawi ya Cretaceous ndi zachikasu za nthawi ya Jurassic, zokhala ndi pH 4.5–6.5; kwa malo a munda, kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumakhala kokhwima, kumafuna nthaka yosalala ndi yamchenga yozama kuposa 70 cm, pH 4.5–5.5, otsetsereka osaposa 25°.
* **Ulimi:** Mbande zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa October, zaka zitatu za kudulira mapangidwe zimapanga malo osanjikiza a kututa; nayitrogeni osaposa 60 kg pa *mu* pachaka.
* **Kutsitsa mitengo:** Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo, akorona anatsitsidwa kuchoka pa 5–6 mpaka 2–3 m, ndipo munda umayamba kututa pafupifupi zaka zitatu; minda ikufalikira ku madera otsika a matauni a Daoming (道明镇) ndi Yuantong (元通镇).
* **Malo:** Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo (May 2024), minda ya pípá chá ku Wenjingjiang yakula kuchokera pa 2150 *mu* mu 2020 kufika pa kuposa 3600 *mu*; kuchuluka kwapachaka ndi kuposa 350 t (sikuti dziwika ngati ndi masamba atsopano kapena tii womalizidwa), mtengo wonse wa zinthu ndi kuposa 30 miliyoni yuan. Malinga ndi atolankhani a m’deralo (October 2024), ku Chongzhou pípá chá amatutidwa kuchokera pa kuposa 5000 *mu*.

**5. Tekinoloji ya Kupanga:**

Kufotokoza kwa lamulo la zaulimi kumalola njira zitatu za tii wobiriwira:

1. **Tii wodziwika wosalala (扁形名茶, *biǎnxíng míngchá*):** masamba atsopano, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, kupanga mawonekedwe (做型, *zuòxíng*), kuumitsa; zopangira ndi mphukira imodzi yokha.
2. **Maofeng ([毛峰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/maofengcha), *máofēng*):** masamba atsopano, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, kupanga mawonekedwe, “kukweza ubweya” (提毫, *tíháo*), kuumitsa.
3. **Tii wamba (大宗茶, *dàzōngchá*):** masamba atsopano, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, kukupiza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), kuumitsa.

Pa njira zonse zitatu, chikhalidwe ndi chimodzi: kukhazikika kwa kutentha kudutse konse ndipo mofanana, popanda masamba kapena nthambi zofiira. Kufotokoza sikumapereka kutentha kapena nthawi.

Ndipo pa mpikisano wa amisiri m’tauni yakale ya Jiezi pa 15–17 May 2026, tii anapangidwa motsatira ndondomeko yotsatirayi: kuyala, kufota (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), kukupiza, kuthira nthawi kuti ifufume, kuumitsa, kutanthauza tii wofiira.

Atolankhani a m’deralo (January 2026) anatchula kufota kukhala mbali yofooka: malinga ndi malangizo a akatswiri anasintha kuchulukana kwa kuyala, mpweya, kutentha ndi chinyezi, ndipo anafupikitsa nthawi ya kufota. Gulu la tii silinatchulidwe m’uthengawu; m’njira za tii wobiriwira za kufotokoza kwa lamulo kulibe kufota. Malinga ndi uthenga wa May 2026, pípá chá amapangira makampani oposa 20 ku Chongzhou, ndipo m’gululi muli tii wofiira, woyera ndi oolong (青茶, *qīngchá*).

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Zinziri:**

Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa lamulo la zaulimi, ndi kufotokoza kumodzi kokha kwa mitundu yonse itatu.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Mphukira zazikulu, zakhuthala (芽头肥壮); masamba osalala, olingana ndi owongoka pang’ono; mtundu wobiriwira wachikasu, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (色泽黄绿油润).
* **Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m’mabuku opezeka.
* **Kununkhira kwa tii:** Kununkhira kwakukulu kwa mtedza wa chestnut (栗香浓郁).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kodzutsa (鲜醇爽口).
* **Mtundu wa tii:** Wobiriwira wachikasu, wowala (黄绿明亮).
* **Masamba pambuyo pothira:** Obiriwira achikasu, ofanana, onyezimira (黄绿匀亮).

Za magulu ena kuli mawu okha a atolankhani a m’deralo (January 2026): tii wofiira amapereka tii wagolide wotsekemera, wofanana ndi dianhong, ndipo biancha (边茶) imakhala yodzaza ndi yopirira mitsuko yambiri.

**7. Zomwe Zili M’masamba:**

Kufotokoza kwa lamulo la zaulimi kumapereka mipata: polyphenols 13.2–26.8%, catechins 6.2–13.4%, amino acid 2–4.8%, caffeine 1325–1902 mg/kg, flavonoids 7.3–11.8%, zinthu zotulutsa 42.6–53.5%, shuga wosungunuka 0.72–1.28%. Pafunika kusamala:

* Caffeine, yokha mwa zina, siperekedwa mu peresenti koma mu mg/kg: 1325–1902 mg/kg ndi 0.13–0.19%. Kaya pali cholakwika cha mayunitsi, sikutheka kutsimikizira kuchokera ku mabuku opezeka.
* Kufotokozera kwa lamulo kumafanizira pípá chá ndi Fuding (福鼎): zinthu zotulutsa n’zochuluka ndi 11.9%, polyphenols ndi 35%. Kaya izi ndi peresenti kapena mfundo, ndipo kuyerekezera kunachitika ndi chitsanzo chiti, sizikunenedwa.

**8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikiziridwa wa zotsatira za tii uwu weniweni.

**9. Kuthira:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tii wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tii:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan.
* **Ndondomeko:** Tenthetsa zida, thirani madzi pambali, kuthira koyamba ndi masekondi 40–60, kenako kuthira kuwiri kapena katatu, kusiya gawo la tii.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’maphaketi otsekedwa, m’firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zonama:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonama:**
    * Kufotokozera kwa lamulo kumafuna kuyika chizindikiro cha geographical indication cha zaulimi limodzi ndi dzina “崇庆枇杷茶” papaketi.
    * Yang’anani adiresi: dera ndi matauni ndi zigawo zisanu za m’ndandanda; matauni a Daoming ndi Yuantong, kumene minda yatsopano ikufalikira, sali m’ndandanda.
    * Chinthu chotetezedwa ndi tii wobiriwira; tii wofiira kapena wakuda wochokera ku pípá chá sugwirizana ndi kufotokoza kwa lamulo.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Nkhani ya 1959, malinga ndi kubwerezedwa kwa atolankhani, inalongosola ubwino wa tii wofiira wochokera ku pípá chá, ndipo kufotokoza kwa lamulo kumalemba kuti zinthu za masamba akuluakulu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tii wofiira, koma ku Chongzhou kuchokera ku pípá chá amapanga tii wobiriwira wokha.
* Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa lamulo, mu 1970 mitengo ya pípá chá inatengedwa kupita ku Yongchuan kuti isankhidwe, ndipo pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu anapanga cultivar ya Chongpi 71-1 (崇枇71-1). Pamene mu 1993 inabwezeretsedwa ku Chongzhou, inkayamba kukula masiku 10–15 mochedwa ndipo inkapirira mitsuko iwiri kapena itatu yochepa; kuchokera pamenepo kufotokoza kumatsimikizira kuti makhalidwe a pípá chá amakhala okha m’malo a m’deralo.
* Chigawo cha Jiguanshan, malinga ndi buku la magawidwe a maofesi, mu December 2019 chinalowa m’tauni ya Wenjingjiang, koma m’ndandanda wa malo otetezedwa a kufotokoza kwa lamulo chimalembedwa padera.
* Tawuni ya Wenjingjiang yamakono, mpaka November 2006, inkatchedwa Wanjia, komweko, monganso chigawo choyandikana cha Goujia, pípá chá anaphunziridwa m’zaka za m’ma 1950.

**13. Kufananiza ndi Tii Zina:**

* **Dujiangyan Chaye ([都江堰茶叶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dujiangyan-chaye)):** Tii wobiriwira wa mzinda wa Dujiangyan, wa Chengdu womwewo.
* **Qingcheng Xue Ya ([青城雪芽](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qingcheng-xue-ya)):** Tii wobiriwira wa phiri la Qingchengshan ku Dujiangyan.
* **Dianhong ([滇红](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dianhong)):** Tii wofiira wa Yunnan wochokera ku zinthu za masamba akuluakulu; ndiye amafaniziridwa ndi tii wofiira wochokera ku pípá chá.

**Pomaliza:**

Chóngqìng Pípá Chá ndi tii wobiriwira wochokera ku mitengo yonga mitengo, yomwe otuta amakwera nthambi ndi chingwe kuti atenge masamba. Kufotokozera kwa lamulo kumalongosola tii wosalala wobiriwira wachikasu wokhala ndi kununkhira kwa chestnut, ndipo mbiri ya zopangira imalozera ku tii wofiira, kuyambira nkhani ya 1959 mpaka mpikisano wa amisiri wa 2026.