---
title: "Chálíng hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/chaling-hongcha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Chálíng hóngchá (茶陵红茶)

**Chaling Hongcha** (*Chálíng hóngchá*, 茶陵红茶) ndi tiyi wofiira wa m’boma la Chaling (茶陵县) m’chigawo cha Zhuzhou kum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Hunan, pafupi ndi malire ndi Jiangxi. Boma limadzitcha kuti ndilo boma lokhalo ku China lomwe m’dzina lake muli chilembo cha “chai”. Mbiri yake ya tiyi ya m’zaka za m’ma 1900 yagwirizana ndi tiyi wofiira woswa (红碎茶): kuyambira 1974, Chaling ndiye maziko a chigawo a tiyi ameneyu, ndipo mu 1984, chitsanzo cha tiyi wofiira woswa wa ku Chaling chinasankhidwa kukhala choyimira dziko lonse. Kuyambira 2018, “茶陵红茶” ndi chipangizo cha boma mu pulogalamu ya chigawo, ndipo kuyambira 2020, ndi chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*), wothira fermentation kwathunthu. Gulu linafotokozedwa m’dzina. Sindinaone chikalata cha zofunika pa chipangizocho; sizikudziwika ngati chizindikirochi chimagwira ntchito mofanana pa tiyi woswa ndi tiyi wofiira wa masamba.
* **Gulu:** Mtundu wa tiyi wofiira wa boma; chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical (2020).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, *Húnán*), mzinda wa Zhuzhou (株洲, *Zhūzhōu*), boma la Chaling (茶陵, *Chálíng*).
* **Dera:** Mndandanda wa chigawo wa 2024 umagwirizanitsa chizindikiro ndi boma la Chaling, ndiko kukhala kwa mwiniwake, osati malire a dera; izi sindinazitsimikizire. Malinga ndi boma, lili ndi magawo 16 a maboma ang’onoang’ono ndi midzi ndi madera 244, dera lake lili pafupifupi 2496 km².
* **Malo a geographical:** Pafupifupi 26.8° kumpoto ndi 113.6° kum’mawa.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthawi zakale, malinga ndi mwambo ndi mawu a boma.** Shennong (神农) amatchedwa “kholo la tiyi” (茶祖) monga amene anayamba kupeza tiyi; mwambo umene buku la 2021 limabwereza umanena kuti anaupeza pa phiri la Yunyangshan (云阳山) ku Chaling, ndipo malinga ndi Baibulo lomwe boma limapereka, pano, “m’mphepete mwa dziko la tiyi,” ndiye anaikidwa m’manda (崩葬于茶乡之尾). Boma limanena kuti mu “Chikalata cha Tiyi” (茶经) cha Lu Yu, pakati pa malo a tiyi a Hunan, Chaling ndiye woyamba kutchulidwa, ndipo limabwereza mwambi wakuti “千年国饮、始于茶陵” — “chakumwa cha dziko cha zaka chikwi chinayambira ku Chaling.” Boma linakhazikitsidwa mu 202 BC.
    * **1974.** Chaling anasankhidwa kukhala maziko a chigawo a kupanga tiyi wofiira woswa.
    * **1978.** Boma linalowa m’gulu la maboma zana a boma a kupanga tiyi; buku la 2021 limafotokoza kuti, maziko okhala ndi kupanga pachaka kwa 50,000 dan (担).
    * **1984.** Tiyi wofiira woswa wopangidwa ku Chaling, chitsanzo № 2 cha seti yachitatu ya zitsanzo (三套样二号), malinga ndi boma, anavomerezedwa ndi unduna ngati chinthu chabwino, anasankhidwa kukhala muyezo wa dziko lonse (全国执行标准) ndipo anaphatikizidwa mu “Buku Lalikulu la Tiyi Wodziwika ku China” (中国名茶大典).
    * **2018.** “茶陵红茶” anakhala chipangizo cha pulogalamu ya chigawo ya “一县一特” — “boma limodzi, katswiri mmodzi.”
    * **2020.** Malinga ndi boma, National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) inalembetsa “茶陵红茶” monga chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical. Buku la 2021 limachitcha “chipangizo cha boma chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical,” lipoti la dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya chigawo cha 2023 limachitchanso “chipangizo chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical.” Koma mndandanda wa chigawo wa 2024 umachiyika pakati pa zizindikiro za gulu ndi satifiketi, ndipo pa mndandanda wa zinthu zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical kulibe; kulibenso mu chilengezo cha CNIPA № 640 cha 2025, pomwe Hunan analandira zizindikiro zingapo za tiyi. Mwachionekere, mabukuwa amatchula chizindikirocho choncho.
    * **2023.** Dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya chigawo inanena kuti m’boma likukonzedwa miyezo ya chipangizo ndi ukadaulo wa “茶陵红茶”; sindinaone malemba a miyezoyo.
* **Dzina:** 茶 — “chai,” 陵 — “phiri,” komanso “manda a mfumu.” Boma limafotokoza dzinali motere: madera “kumbali ya mthunzi ya mapiri a tiyi” (茶山之阴) ankatchedwa “dziko la tiyi” (茶乡), ndipo kumapeto kwake, malinga ndi mwambo, Shennong anaikidwa m’manda. “Hongcha” (红茶) — “tiyi wofiira.”
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Tiyi kwa Chaling ndi mbali ya dzina ndi kudzifotokoza: mitundu ya malowa imanyamula mayina a phiri la Yunyangshan ndi malo otchedwa Mijiang (洣江), ndipo m’mayina a zinthu zina pamakhala “茶祖” — “kholo la tiyi,” dzina la Shennong.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Kwa boma lonse, mabuku a 2021 ndi 2023 amatchula mitundu yotsogolera monga Huangjincha (黄金茶, *Huángjīnchá*), Zhuyeqi (槠叶齐, *Zhūyèqí*), Xiaoxianghong (潇湘红, *Xiāoxiānghóng*) ndi Jinmudan ([金牡丹](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-mudan), *Jīnmǔdān*). Ndi iti mwa iyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi wofiira pansi pa chizindikirocho, sizinanenedwe.
* **Mitengo yakale:** Malinga ndi “Hunan Ribao” (湖南日报, 2026), m’tauni ya Hukou (湖口镇) pali mtengo wa tiyi wakuthengo wokhala ndi nambala ya chitetezo 00001; ofesi ya tiyi ya boma imayerekeza kuti uli ndi zaka zoposa 860 ndipo imati ndi wakale kwambiri mwa onse opezeka ku Chaling ndi m’chigawo chonse cha Zhuzhou. Kuzungulira mtengowo pali mitengo yakale yoposa 200 yokhala ndi thunthu lokulirapo kuposa 5 cm. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zinthu za tiyi wa boma, womwe nyuzipepalayi imatchula, ku Chaling kuli mahekitala 120,000 a tiyi wakuthengo.
* **Muyezo wa kuthyola:** Palibe zofunikira za chizindikiro zomwe zinapezeka. Tiyi wofiira wakuthengo wa ku Chaling (茶陵野生红茶), malinga ndi “Hunan Ribao,” amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira wokhala ndi masamba awiri a mitengo yakale; izi sizikugwira ntchito pa chizindikiro chonse.
* **Kuthyola:** Palibe deta yokhudza nthawi yomwe inapezeka.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kum’mawa kwa Hunan, pafupi ndi malire ndi chigawo cha Jiangxi: malinga ndi boma, Chaling imakhala m’malire ndi maboma a Jiangxi a Lianhua ndi Yongxin komanso mzinda wa Jinggangshan.
* **Nyengo:** Malinga ndi lipoti la dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya chigawo (2023), nyengo ndi subtropical monsoon yonyowa; m’mapiri muli chifunga chambiri, maola a dzuwa ndi ochepa, kuwala kochuluka kobalalika, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku.
* **Kutalika ndi dothi:** Palibe deta yomwe inapezeka.
* **Dera ndi zokolola:** Ziwerengero zimasiyana, ndipo zimayesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
    * buku la 2021, minda 65,000 mu, matani 2830 a tiyi, 1.2 biliyoni yuan ya malonda onse a tiyi;
    * dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya chigawo, 2023, minda 156,500 mu, kuposa matani 10,000 pachaka, 3.5 biliyoni yuan pa unyolo wonse;
    * “Hunan Ribao,” 2026, minda 35,400 mu ndi mahekitala 120,000 a tiyi wakuthengo, makampani 24 a tiyi, matani 490 a tiyi wouma pachaka (mwa amenewa matani 62 a tiyi wakuthengo), pafupifupi 300 miliyoni yuan pachaka.
  Ziwerengero zonsezi zikukhudza tiyi wa boma lonse, osati tiyi wofiira wokha; buku la 2021 limafotokoza dongosolo la makampani motere: tiyi wofiira ndi wamkulu, wonyezimira ndi wothandiza.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Chikalata cha zofunikira za ukadaulo wa “茶陵红茶” sichinapezeke. Pansipa pali ndondomeko yodziwika ya gulu, osati kufotokozera kwa tiyi ameneyu:

1.  **Kufowoketsa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Masamba amataya madzi ena ndipo amakhala ofewa.
2.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Kwa tiyi wa masamba, amapotoza; kwa tiyi woswa, masamba amang’ambidwa ndi kudulidwa m’tiziduswa tating’ono.
3.  **Fermentation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Oxidation yomwe imapangitsa masamba ndi madzi kukhala ofiira.
4.  **Kuyanika (干燥, *gānzào*).**

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Chikalata chofotokoza maonekedwe sichinapezeke.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka.
* **Nkhwima ya masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka.
* **Nkhwima ya madzi:** Palibe kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro. “Nkhwima ya maluwa ndi zipatso” (花果香), yomwe buku la 2021 limatchula, si ya chizindikiro, koma ya “三湘红” — tiyi wofiira wa mtundu wina wam’deralo.
* **Kukoma:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka.
* **Masamba ataphikidwa:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka.

Kwa chipangizo china, tiyi wofiira wakuthengo wa ku Chaling wochokera ku masamba a mitengo yakale, “Hunan Ribao” mu 2026 imafotokoza motere: masamba owuma ndi akuda owala, zingwe zazing’ono ndi zothina, madzi ndi agolide ndi owonekera, kukoma ndi kofewa ndi kodzaza, ndi nkhwima ya mapiri yakutchire ndi ya orchid. Izi sizikugwira ntchito pa chizindikirocho.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Palibe deta ya physicochemical yomwe inapezeka.

**8. Ubwino:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kuphika:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zombo:** Gaiwan kapena chitini cha porcelain.
* **Njira:**
    1. Tenthetsa chombo.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Kuphika koyamba, pafupifupi mphindi imodzi; tiyi woswa amapereka madzi mwachangu, nthawi imachepetsedwa.
    4. Tsanulirani madzi onse.
    5. Kubwereza kuphika, ndikuwonjezera nthawi pang’onopang’ono.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. Pamalo owuma opanda kuwala pa kutentha kwa chipinda, m’paketi yothina, kutali ndi nkhwima ndi chinyezi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo yomwe inapezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonama:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical “茶陵红茶.”
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa m’boma la Chaling.
    * Kumbukirani kuti dzina la phiri kapena mtsinje pa paketi ndi mtundu wa malonda wam’deralo, osati chizindikiro.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Chaling amadzitcha kuti ndilo boma lokhalo ku China lomwe m’dzina lake muli chilembo cha “chai.”
* Tiyi wofiira woswa wa ku Chaling mu 1984 anasankhidwa kukhala muyezo wa dziko lonse.
* M’tauni ya Hukou pali mtengo wa tiyi wakuthengo wokhala ndi nambala ya chitetezo 00001; malinga ndi ofesi ya tiyi ya boma, uli ndi zaka zoposa 860.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wofiira wa ku Hunan:**

* **Anhua Hongcha ([安化红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/anhua-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa boma la Anhua, lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha tiyi wakuda.
* **Xinhua Hongcha ([新化红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xinhua-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa boma la Xinhua m’mapiri a Xuefengshan.
* **Shimen Hongcha ([石门红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shimen-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo, kuchokera kudera lakale la Yihong.
* **Baojing Huangjin Hongcha ([保靖黄金红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/baojing-huang-jin-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wochokera ku mtundu wa Huangjincha, mtundu womwewo womwe watchulidwa kuti ndi wotsogolera ku Chaling.

**Pomaliza:**

Chaling Hongcha ndi mtundu wa tiyi wofiira wa boma lomwe m’dzina lake muli mawu oti “chai.” Zolemba za tiyi ameneyu zimanena zambiri za mbiri ndi kulembetsa kuposa kukoma: maziko a tiyi wofiira woswa kuyambira 1974, chitsanzo cha dziko lonse cha 1984, chizindikiro cha 2020. Sindinapeze kufotokozera kwa maonekedwe okhazikitsidwa ndi chizindikirocho.