---
title: "Báiyún chūnháo"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/baiyun-chunhao
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Báiyún chūnháo (白云春毫)

**Baiyun Chunhao** (*Báiyún chūnháo*, 白云春毫) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Lujiang (庐江县) m’chigawo cha Hefei m’chigawo cha Anhui, kuchokera kumapiri a Dabieshan; m’kumasulira kofotokoza ndi “ubweya wa masika wa mitambo yoyera”. Mawu oti “yoyera” ndi “ubweya” sakupangitsa kuti ukhale tiyi woyera: dzinali, malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, limaphatikiza dzina la nyumba ya amonke yakale ya Baiyun’an (白云庵) pafupi ndi minda ndi ubweya woyera wa masamba. Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, tiyiyu adapangidwa mu 1985–1987 kuchokera ku “Ergujian Maofeng” wakomweko; palinso mtundu wina (gawo 2). Zofunikira za malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera zimalongosola maonekedwe ake ndi mawu akuti “amaoneka ngati mchira wa nkhanga, fungo loyera lokhala ndi orchid” (形似燕尾、清香带兰). Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha dera chaulimi kuyambira 2017 ndi kuvomerezedwa ngati malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera kuyambira 2025.

**1. Mgawidwe ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Tekinoloji malinga ndi zofunikira ndi yobiriwira (gawo 5). Buku lofotokoza limamuika m’gulu la tiyi wowongoka wophikidwa m’mphika (炒青, *chǎoqīng*).
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wowongoka, wophwathika pang’ono wa ku Dabieshan; malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Anhui (安徽, *Ānhuī*), chigawo cha Hefei (合肥, *Héféi*), boma la Lujiang (庐江, *Lújiāng*).
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Mapiri a Ergu Jian (二姑尖), Baihuazhai (百花寨), Laoheshang (老和尚), Changchun, Madian, Hudong, Gaojian ndi ena m’mapiri a Dabieshan (大别山, *Dàbiéshān*) — midzi yonse 45 m’matauni 16, makamaka m’matauni a Tangchi (汤池镇), Wanshan (万山镇), Ketan (柯坦镇), Longqiao (龙桥镇) ndi Fanshan (矾山镇). Wopemphayo ndi Lujiang County Tea Association (庐江县茶叶协会).
* **Dera labwino kwambiri:** Buku lofotokoza limaona kuti tiyi wabwino kwambiri ndi wochokera ku phiri la Ergu Jian pafupi ndi chigawo chakale cha Guoshu (果树); mudzi wa Guoshu uli m’dera lotetezedwa m’tauni ya Tangchi.
* **Ma coordinate a dera:** 30°58′06″–31°33′17″ N, 117°01′12″–117°33′18″ E (malire a dera lotetezedwa).

**2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Kuyambika kwa Republic.** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, m’bomali munali pafupifupi ma mu 5000 a minda ya tiyi ndi nyumba 149 zamalonda a tiyi.
    * **1984 - mtundu wa Chen Chuan.** Tsamba la maphunziro a chipani limalemba kuti profesa wa Anhui Agricultural University Chen Chuan (陈椽), yemwe amatchedwa “wanzeru wa tiyi” wamakono, atayitanidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma adapanga tiyi wotchuka wa “白云春毫” wa Lujiang.
    * **1985–1987 - mtundu wa komweko.** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, mu 1985 fakitale ya tiyi ya Lujiang Guoshu inayamba kuyesa kupanga “二姑尖[毛峰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/maofengcha)” (*Èrgūjiān máofēng*); mu December 1986 komiti ya sayansi ya boma inapereka pempho ku komiti ya chigawo la nkhani yophunzira za tiyiyu, ndipo nkhaniyo inavomerezedwa; kuyambira April 1987, kuyesa kupanga mwalamulo kudayamba pogwiritsa ntchito zokolola za minda ya Ergu Jian, ntchitoyo inkatsogoleredwa ndi dipatimenti ya tiyi ya Anhui Agricultural University, ndipo tiyiyo anasinthidwa dzina kukhala “白云春毫”.
    * **1987 - mtundu wa boma la 2026.** Nkhani ya dipatimenti yofalitsa uthenga ya boma, yofalitsidwa ndi Xinhua (新华网) mu 2026, imalemba kuti choyambirira chinali “二姑尖毛峰”, ndipo mu 1987 tiyiyu adapangidwa ndi Chen Chuan pazaka zitatu. Udindo weniweni wa Chen Chuan ndi tsiku lopangidwa sitingathe kutsimikiza kuchokera ku magwero opezeka: mitundu ikusemphana.
    * **1988.** Tiyiyu adadziwika ngati tiyi wotchuka wa chigawo cha Anhui.
    * **1989.** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, mu July tiyiyu adalandira dzina la tiyi wabwino kwambiri pa mlingo wa unduna.
    * **1995.** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, mu December - mendulo yagolide pa Chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha Aulimi ku China.
    * **2008.** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, mendulo yagolide pa Chiwonetsero chachitatu cha Tiyi cha Anhui.
    * **2016–2017.** Malinga ndi nkhani yaboma mu The Paper (澎湃新闻), mu 2016 tiyiyu adadutsa kafukufuku wa chizindikiro cha dera chaulimi ndipo adalandira mphotho yoyamba ya mpikisano wa “Zhongcha Bei” (中茶杯), ndipo satifiketi adayilandira mu 2017; buku lofotokoza limalemba kuti kulembetsa ku Unduna wa Zaulimi kunali 20 April 2017, pamene tsamba la zokopa alendo limanena kuti mphotho ya “Zhongcha Bei” inali ya 2015.
    * **2024.** Malinga ndi malipoti a tsamba la nkhani za Anhui Zhong’an Online, m’chaka chino mtunduwu unakwanitsa zaka makumi anayi kuchokera pamene unapangidwa - izi zimagwirizana ndi 1984 kuchokera ku mtundu wa Chen Chuan. Kutsegulira kwa nyengo ya khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ya chikhalidwe cha tiyi ndi zokopa alendo za “Baiyun Chunhao” kudakonzedwa pa 6 April ku “chigwa cha tiyi cha maluwa zana” (百花茶谷) m’tauni ya Tangchi.
    * **9 June 2025.** Ofesi ya National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) ndi chilengezo cha nambala 632 idavomereza kuti ndi malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera.
* **Mphotho:** The Paper imatchula, popanda zaka, mendulo yagolide ya Chiwonetsero cha Aulimi cha China ndi World Expo ku Shanghai ndi dzina la “mfumu ya tiyi” pa chiwonetsero cha tiyi chachigawo. Malipoti a 2024, nawonso opanda zaka, amatchula maina akuti “tiyi khumi zotchuka za mtundu wa Anhui” (安徽省十大品牌名茶), “chizindikiro chodziwika cha malonda cha Anhui”, “mitundu khumi yodziwika ya tiyi wa Anhui” (中国徽茶十大著名品牌) ndi “mtundu wapamwamba wa tiyi wa Yangtze Delta”.
* **Dzina:** “Baiyun” (白云) - “mitambo yoyera”: malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, mwaulemu kwa nyumba ya amonke ya Baiyun’an ndi mitambo pamwamba pa minda; “chun” (春) - “masika”; “hao” (毫) - ubweya woyera wa mphukira.
* **Chikhalidwe:** Panopa ndi mtundu wamba wa boma. Malinga ndi The Paper, mu 2020 minda yonse ya tiyi ya boma inali pafupifupi ma mu 100,000 m’matauni asanu ndi atatu; malinga ndi deta ya boma yotchulidwa mu 2024, - ma mu 98,700, malonda a tiyi pafupifupi zana.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu:** Zofunikira za malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera zimatchula Longjing 43 (龙井43, *Lóngjǐng 43*), Zhonghuang No. 3 (中黄3号, *Zhōnghuáng 3*), Guyuchun (谷雨春, *Gǔyǔchūn*) ndi zina.
* **Nthawi yotola:** Amatolera ndi kukonza mu March–April.
* **Mulingo wotolera:** Malinga ndi buku la tiyi, pa mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri (特级) - mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi lokhalo lotambasuka, pa woyamba (一级) - mphukira yokhala ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri oterowo.
* **Kubzala ndi kasamalidwe:** Malinga ndi zofunikira - kubzala kuyambira November mpaka March, pa mzere wa mizere iwiri - pafupifupi zitsamba 4000 pa mu; feteleza wachilengedwe - ndowe za nkhumba ndi nkhuku zowola, pafupifupi 1500 kg pa mu.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Dabieshan m’boma la Lujiang.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Malinga ndi zofunikira - pansi pa 1200 m, malo otsetsereka osapitirira 25°.
* **Klima:** Ya subtropical monsoon; malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, pafupifupi pachaka 16.4 °C, 1009.2 mm a mvula, 1760.1 maola a dzuwa ndi masiku 253 opanda chisanu.
* **Dothi:** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza - lofiirira lachikasu (黄棕壤), la acidic kapena pang’ono acidic, pH 5.0–5.5. Zofunikira ndi zokulirapo: pH 4.5–6.5, organic matter 1.2–2.2 %, phosphorous yosungunuka pafupifupi 6–10 mg/kg, potassium yosinthanitsa 60–100 mg/kg, kuya kwa dothi kuyambira 60 cm, popanda wosanjikiza wolimba.
* **Kukula:** Malinga ndi buku lofotokoza, malo otetezedwa ndi ma hekitala 10,000, kupanga pachaka ndi 330 t; chaka cha ziwerengerozi sichinatchulidwe.

**5. Tekinoloji ya Kupanga:**

Zofunikira za malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera zimakhazikitsa ndondomeko yotsatirayi:

1.  **Kunyowetsa tsamba latsopano (摊青, *tānqīng*).**
2.  **Kusanja masamba (分级, *fēnjí*).**
3.  **Kuyimitsa okosijeni (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Kutentha kumayimitsa okosijeni.
4.  **Kuziziritsa (摊放冷却, *tānfàng lěngquè*).**
5.  **Kukonza mawonekedwe ndi kuwotcha ndi kukanikiza (炒压做形, *chǎo yā zuòxíng*):** Tsambali limapangidwa kukhala lowongoka komanso lophwathika pang’ono.
6.  **Kusiya kupuma (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
7.  **Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, *chūhōng*).**
8.  **Kuyanika kwachiwiri (复烘, *fùhōng*).**
9.  **Kuyanika kokwanira (足烘, *zúhōng*).**
10. **Kusankha (拣剔, *jiǎntī*) ndi kulongedza.**

Kutentha ndi nthawi za ntchitozi sizikupezeka m’magwero opezeka.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Malinga ndi zofunikira za malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Lolimba, lowongoka, laling’ono, lophwathika pang’ono, looneka ngati mchira wa nkhanga; mtundu wobiriwira, wonyezimira ndi chinyezi, wokhala ndi mtundu wobisika wa emerald (紧直挺秀微扁呈燕尾形，色泽绿润隐翠). Buku lofotokoza limalemba mosiyana: lochepa ndi losalala, lokhala ndi ubweya wowoneka bwino, looneka ngati lirime la mphalapala (细嫩显毫……形似雀舌).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe malongosoledwe m’magwero opezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi a tiyi:** Loyera komanso lolimbikira, lokhala ndi fungo lomveka la orchid (清香持久显兰香). Buku lofotokoza limalitcha losalala komanso lolimbikira (嫩香持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsekemera komanso kolimbikitsa (鲜醇甘爽).
* **Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi:** Wobiriwira wosalala komanso wowala (嫩绿明亮); malinga ndi buku lofotokoza - wobiriwira wa emerald komanso wowonekera.
* **Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa):** Losalala, lachikasu chobiriwira komanso lowala (嫩黄绿明亮); buku lofotokoza likuwonjezera kuti mphukira ndi zofanana komanso zathunthu.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Zofunikira za thupi ndi mankhwala za malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera:

| Chizindikiro | Muyezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 6.5 % |
| Phulusa lonse | osapitirira 6.5 % |
| Zing’onozing’ono ndi fumbi | osapitirira 1.5 % |
| Zosungunuka m’madzi | osachepera 34.0 % |

Buku lofotokoza limapereka kusanthula kwa tiyi wokonzedwa, kochitidwa ndi dipatimenti ya tiyi ya Anhui Agricultural University: zosungunuka m’madzi 43.52 %, ma polyphenol 29.27 %, ma amino acid 5.69 (chiwongoladzanja sichinatchulidwe), caffeine 3.87 %; chaka cha kusanthula ndi chitsanzo sizinatchulidwe.

**8. Ubwino wa Thanzi:**

Palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizika chokhudza zotsatira za tiyiyu weniweni.

**9. Kukonza Tiyi:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Ziwiya:** Kapu ya galasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa ziwiya.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi pambali pa khoma.
    3. Kupaka koyamba - pakatha masekondi 40–60.
    4. Mwani, ndikusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu la madzi.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kubweza kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. Mu phukusi losalowetsa mpweya ndi losalowetsa kuwala, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zachinyengo:**

Palibe deta yamitengo m’magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha dera: ufulu wake umavomerezedwa ndi CNIPA, mndandanda wa olandira umasindikizidwa.
    * Onetsetsani kuti tiyi ndi wochokera m’dera lotetezedwa la boma la Lujiang.
    * Tsambali ndi lowongoka, lophwathika pang’ono, lobiriwira ndi lonyezimira, osati lopindika.
    * Osakhulupirira masamba omwe Baiyun Chunhao akutchedwa tiyi wa ku Fujian kapena tiyi woyera: izi zikusemphana ndi zikalata zoteteza.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Malinga ndi mabuku ofotokoza ndi malipoti a boma, dzinali linaperekedwa ndi nyumba ya amonke yakale ya Baiyun’an m’dera la tiyi pamodzi ndi ubweya woyera wa masamba; m’mbuyomu tiyiyu ankatchedwa “二姑尖毛峰”.
* Zikalata zoteteza ndi buku lofotokoza zimalongosola mawonekedwe a tsambali mosiyana: monga mchira wa nkhanga ndi monga lirime la mphalapala.
* Malinga ndi The Paper, Lujiang ndi kwawo kwa Wang Kuicheng (王魁成), mlengi wa Taiping Houkui.

**13. Kufananiza ndi Tiyi Ena a ku Anhui:**

* **Huangshan Maofeng ([黄山毛峰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huangshan-mao-feng)):** Amayerekezedwanso ndi lirime la mphalapala, koma ndi tiyi wa kumwera kwa chigawo, pafupi ndi Huangshan.
* **Shucheng Xiaolanhua ([舒城小兰花](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shucheng-xiao-lan-hua)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri akum’mawa kwa Dabieshan, wodziwika ndi fungo la orchid.
* **Yuexi Cuilan ([岳西翠兰](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yuexi-cui-lan)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Dabieshan, wopangidwanso m’ma 1980.
* **Taiping Houkui ([太平猴魁](https://thetea.app/ny/article/taiping-hou-kui)):** Tiyi waukulu wophwathika wa “kuthwa” wa kumwera kwa chigawo; mlengi wake, malinga ndi The Paper, ndi wobadwa ku Lujiang.

**Pomaliza:**

Baiyun Chunhao ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri a Dabieshan ku Lujiang: tsamba lowongoka, lophwathika pang’ono lokhala ndi ubweya woyera, madzi a tiyi obiriwira wosalala, kukoma kwatsopano kofewa ndi fungo loyera lolimbikira lokhala ndi orchid. Dzinali likuchokera ku nyumba ya amonke ya Baiyun’an ndi ubweya woyera, choyambirira ndi “Ergujian Maofeng” wakomweko, chitetezo ndi kuyambira 2017 ndi 2025.