---
title: "bǎiliǎng chá - shíliǎng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/bailiang-cha-shiliang-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# bǎiliǎng chá - shíliǎng chá (百两茶)

Banja la "mipukutu ya maluwa" ya huājuǎn ([花卷](https://thetea.app/ny/article/hua-juan), *huā juǎn*) ndi mzere wa mizati ya tiyi woponderezedwa wa heicha yochokera ku chigawo cha Anhua, kumene kulemera, komwe kwasokedwa m'dzina lenilenilo, kumamanga makwerero kuchokera pa Shiliang ([十两茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/hua-juan), *shí liǎng chá*) kufika pa Qianliang Cha ([千两茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qian-liang-cha), *qiān liǎng chá*) yodziwika bwino. Bailiang (百两茶, *bǎi liǎng chá*) ndi Shiliang ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono, a "panyumba" a luso lomwelo limene linabala "mfumu ya tiyi".

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** tiyi wakuda (heicha, 黑茶, *hēichá*).
* **Gulu:** tiyi wakuda wa Anhua ([安化黑茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/anhua-heicha), *Ānhuà hēichá*), banja la "mipukutu ya maluwa" ya huājuǎn (花卷, *huā juǎn*).
* **Chiyambi:** chigawo cha Anhua, m'chigawo cha Hunan.
* **Udindo m'banjamo:** Bailiang ndi Shiliang ndi masitepe ang'onoang'ono, a "panyumba" a luso lomwelo limene linabala "mfumu ya tiyi" Qianliang Cha; amayima pa nsonga yomweyo ndi qianliang, akusiyana ndi iyo pokha ndi kukula kwake ndi kulemera.
* **Malamulo amtundu wa katundu:** amafotokozedwa ndi njira ya «三尖三砖一卷» (*sān jiān sān zhuān yī juǎn*) — "zobuntha zitatu, njerwa zitatu, mpukutu umodzi". "Mpukutu umodzi" (一卷) ndi mzere wa huajuan, womwe umaphatikizapo mizati ya miyeso yonse yolemera.
* **Miyezo:** tiyi wakuda wa Anhua amayendetsedwa ngati gulu lokhazikika la heicha m'dongosolo la miyezo ya dziko la China.

Makwerero a kulemera amamangidwa mozungulira muyeso wakale wa liang (两, *liǎng*); muyeso wa mzerewu ndi qianliang, mzati wolemera pafupifupi 36.25 kg ndi kutalika pafupifupi 1.65 m:

* Shiliang (十两茶, *shí liǎng chá*) — "liang khumi", mawonekedwe ang'ono kwambiri;
* Bailiang (百两茶, *bǎi liǎng chá*) — "liang zana";
* Wubailiang (五百两, *wǔ bǎi liǎng*) — "liang mazana asanu";
* Qianliang (千两, *qiān liǎng*) — "liang chikwi", mzati woyeserera;
* Wanliang (万两, *wàn liǎng*) — "liang zikwi khumi", yaikulu kwambiri.

Popeza kulemera kumakhazikitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha liang zakale, Bailiang ndi Shiliang ndi wopepuka molingana ndi qianliang — awa salinso mzati waukulu wa "mfumu", koma mizati yaing'ono ya mawonekedwe apakhomo ndi amphatso.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* Mzere wa huajuan unabwera chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa malonda.
* Bailiang monga mawonekedwe amalembedwa kuyambira nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Daoguang (清道光, *Qīng Dàoguāng*) wa mzera wa Qing; amalumikizidwa ndi amalonda a ku Shaanxi (陕商, *shǎn shāng*), omwe ankafuna tiyi wokhazikika, wonyamula bwino komanso wokhazikika paulendo wa ngolo zamalonda.
* Ndiko kuphatikizika komwe kunapangitsa Bailiang kukhala katundu wabwino wa malonda akutali.
* Kuchokera ku chosowa cha malonda chimenechi, pambuyo pake kunakulanso miyeso yokulirapo mpaka ku qianliang — mzati womwe unatchedwa "mfumu ya tiyi padziko lonse" (世界茶王, *shìjiè cháwáng*).
* Luso lopondaponda mizati ndi lovuta, ndipo m'nthawi ya mafakitale, gawo lina la katundu linasinthidwa ndi huazhuan ([花砖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huazhuan), *huā zhuān*) — "njerwa yokhala ndi chithunzi" yokhala ndi zokongoletsera m'mphepete mwake, yomwe kutulutsidwa kwake kuyambira 1958 kudakhala cholowa m'malo chophatikizika cha qianliang yochuluka.
* Mipukutu yokha idasungidwa ngati mwambo wamoyo wa luso la manja ndi kusonkhanitsa, ndipo makwerero a kulemera kuchokera ku Shiliang kufika ku Wanliang akukhalabe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha mwambowu.
* Luso lopanga Qianliang Cha linalowetsedwa pa mndandanda wa cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha dziko chosaoneka (国家级非物质文化遗产, *guójiājí fēi wùzhì wénhuà yíchǎn*) mu 2008. Bailiang ndi Shiliang, opangidwa motsatira njira yomweyo ya Caizhi, amalandira luso limeneli pamlingo wocheperako.

**3. Chithunzithunzi cha Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Zopangira:** maocha wakuda (黑毛茶, *hēi máochá*) wa kalasi yachiwiri kapena yachitatu (二-三级).
* **Chikhalidwe cha zopangira:** zopangira zaufa wapakatikati, zokhala ndi masamba okhwima kwambiri ndi tsinde — izi ndizo zomwe zimapatsa "mipukutu" kuchulukira, kapangidwe ndi kuthekera kwa kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri.
* **Kugawidwa kwa makalasi:** makalasi apamwamba a maocha amapita ku tiyi ya mzere wa sanjian (三尖, *sān jiān*) — tianjian (天尖, *tiān jiān*) ndi gongjian (贡尖, *gòng jiān*); koma pa mizati, chofunikira kwambiri ndi kuchuluka, mphamvu ya misa yoponderezedwa ndi kuthekera kocha bwino kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

**4. Chigawo ndi Zikhalidwe za Kulima:**

* Dera la mapiri lokhala ndi nyengo yotentha yachinyezi, nkhungu ndi dothi lodzaza miyala yopumira.
* M'zikhalidwe izi, zopangira zamasamba akulu, zokhwima zimakula, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa kuthira kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kucha kwa zaka zambiri.

**5. Luso Lotulutsa:**

* **Siginecha ya luso:** caizhi (踩制, *cǎi zhì*) — kupondaponda ndi kumangiriza tiyi ndi manja mu mzere wandiweyani. Bailiang ndi Shiliang amapangidwa m'njira yofanana ndi qianliang, koma pamlingo wocheperako.
* Ndondomeko ya ntchito:
    1. Qizheng (汽蒸, *qì zhēng*) — kutenthetsa maocha ndi nthunzi, kuti tsamba lifewe ndi kukhala losavuta kupindika.
    2. Zhuanglou (装篓, *zhuāng lǒu*) — kudzaza tiyi wotenthedwa mu chifukwamba cha nsungwi cha mielou (篾篓, *miè lǒu*). "Chovala" chamkati cha mzati ndi chosanjikiza: ulusi wa kanjedza (棕, *zōng*) ndi masamba a golide (蓼叶, *liǎo yè*) amayala m'kati mwa mpukutu wa nsungwi, kupanga "malaya" odziwika bwino a mpukutu.
    3. Guncaiyajiaochui (滚踩压绞锤, *gǔn cǎi yā jiǎo chuí*) — kugudubuza, kupondaponda ndi miyendo, kupondereza ndi kumangitsa ndi chowongola cha "nyundo"; gulu la akatswiri amagudubuza ndi kumangitsa mzati, kukwaniritsa kuchulukira kwakukulu.
    4. Rishai-yelu (日晒夜露, *rì shài yè lù*) — "masana padzuwa, usiku m'mame": mizati yomalizidwa imasungidwa panja kwa masiku pafupifupi 50, kumene kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi kumayambitsa kusandulika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa tizilombo ndi chotupitsa mkati mwa misa yoponderezedwa.
* Gawo la "dzuwa ndi mame" — ndilofunika kwambiri: limasiyanitsa huajuan ndi njerwa za mzere wa sanzhuan (三砖, *sān zhuān*), zomwe zimaumitsidwa m'zipinda pa kutentha koyendetsedwa. Kucha kwachilengedwe pansi pa thambo ndiko kumapatsa mizati kuya kwake kwapadera.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

* Mipukutu ndi ya kalembedwe ka "wakale ndiye wonunkhira bwino" (越陈越香, *yuè chén yuè xiāng*).
* Tiyi wachinyamata akanali ndi kamvekedwe kankhuni kokhwima, koma m'kupita kwa zaka amakhala wofewa.
* Madzi a tiyi amakhala a mtundu wa amber wakuda, wolimba, ndi fungo lokhalitsa la "zakale" (陈香, *chén xiāng*), kukoma kotsalira m'kamwa ndipo pafupifupi opanda kuwawa.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

* Popeza misa yaponderezedwa mpaka kukhala yolimba ngati mwala, musanapange tiyi, mzati umachekedwa kapena kugawanika kuti pakhale chidutswa chosalala, kenako nkuchiphwanya kukhala tizidutswa tating'ono.
* Kwa Bailiang ndi Shiliang, omwe ma disc awo ndi ang'onoang'ono kusiyana ndi a qianliang, izi ndizosavuta kuposa kugwira ntchito ndi mzati wolemera wa 36 kg.
* Tiyi amatuluka bwino akathiridwa madzi otentha mobwerezabwereza mu gaiwan kapena mu ketulo, ndipo zopangira zokhwima, zolimba za mipukutu yosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali zimayeneranso kuphikidwa.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

* **Mawonekedwe ndi mpukutu:** huajuan yeniyeni ndi mzati wozungulira mu chifukwamba cha nsungwi ndi zokutira zamkati za ulusi wa kanjedza ndi masamba a golide; m'mimba mwake ndi utali zimayenderana mwachindunji ndi dzina la kulemera.
* **Kaliyere motsutsana ndi dzina:** gawo la nambala la dzina ndi kulemera mu liang zakale: Shiliang ndi yaing'ono, Bailiang ndi yaikulu, qianliang ndi yoyeserera ~36 kg ndi ~1.65 m. Kusagwirizana kwa kukula ndi dzina lomwe latchulidwa ndi chizindikiro chodetsa nkhawa.
* **Zizindikiro za caizhi:** mzati woponderezedwa ndi wolimba kwambiri; pamene wathyoledwa, mawonekedwe olimba, osanjikizana a tsamba lokhwima loponderezedwa ndi tsinde za kalasi yachiwiri kapena yachitatu amaoneka.
* **Fungo lachikulire:** mpukutu wokhwima wa tiyi umapereka chen xiang yoyera popanda kununkhira kwa fungo; madzi ake ndi oyera, a mtundu wa amber wakuda, ndi kukoma kotsalira kotalika.
* **Kusiyana ndi njerwa:** mosiyana ndi fuzhuan (茯砖, *fú zhuān*), mipukutu ilibe "maluwa agolide" (金花, *jīn huā*) ngati siginecha yofunikira, ndipo amasiyana ndi heizhuan ([黑砖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/heizhuan-cha), *hēi zhuān*) ndi huazhuan makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso gawo la "dzuwa ndi mame" popanga.

**12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Bailiang ndi Shiliang — ndi filosofi yomweyo ya mpukutu wa Anhua monga ya Qianliang yotchuka, koma pa mulingo wa anthu: yokwanira yaying'ono kuti ikhale panyumba, ndipo yolemekezeka mokwanira kuti iche kwa zaka zambiri.